A No. I. price 78. 6d. of SERIES of the most esteemed DIVINES of the CHURCH of ENGLAND. With a Life of each Author, a Summary of each Sermon or Discourse, Notes, &c. By the Rev. T. S. HUGHES, B.D. of Emmanuel College, Examining Chaplain to the Bishop of Peterborough, and late Christian Advocate in the University of Cambridge. To be continued in Monthly Volumes, containing, on an aver age, 500 pages, in a cheap, uniform, and commodious size, and printed by A. J. Valpy, M.A. Red Lion Court, Fleet Street; where Subscribers' names, for a part or the whole of the Series, are received, as well as by all Booksellers in Town and Country. A summary of contents will be prefixed to every sermon, tract, or disquisition; so that not only direct access may be had to any portion required for perusal or consultation, but each summary may be considered as a skeleton sermon, well calculated to assist the young divine in composition. Notes and observations will be added wherever they may appear necessary or useful; and at the end of each author will be given an Index of those scriptural passages which have been commented on. The works of Bishop Sherlock, a complete edition of which has not hitherto appeared, and Dr. Barrow, will be first published; afterwards will follow the most popular works of Hall, Atterbury, Jewell, Seed, Jortin, South, Hurd, Bull, Beveridge, Balguy, S. Clarke, Ogden, Paley, Waterland, Jer. Taylor, &c." It is not expected that the whole Series will exceed Fifty Vols.; but any Author may be had separately. Opinions. "An excellent work. The life of Bishop Sherlock is written in a liberal and manly spirit, which does credit to the writer, and to the prelate to whom it is dedicated."-Times, June 8. "This work is one which ought not only to find its way into the library of every clergyman, but of every private family."Morning Advertiser, June 4. "This series is intended to supply an important desideratum in the libraries of churchmen, by whom a collection of the best English divines has long been wanting."-Courier, June 10. "No divine, no student, nay, no gentleman, should be without It."-Sun, June 10. "We are glad that Mr. Hughes has given so much original matter in his work; and we shall be much mistaken if the Summaries themselves do not form a sufficient attraction to the seriet."-Sunday Times, June 6. "This work is admirably calculated to assist the divine in the arduous task of composition for the pulpit."-Observer, June 6. "It cannot fail to become highly popular and useful in the religious world."-Weekly Despatch, June 6. "A complete edition of the most celebrated British divines has long been a desideratum in English literature. The editor, the Rev. T. S. Hughes, is well known for his attainments in ali branches of literature; and his Life of Sherlock is a great acces. sion to the history of English divines."--Bell's Weekly Messenger, "We know not whether this work be more important to the public generally, or to our young divines, as models of Scriptural argumentation and composition."-Lincoln Herald, June 11. June 6. "This undertaking is as great as it is useful. As a cheap and comprehensive body of divinity, it ought to find its way into the library, not only of every clergyman, but of all whose circumstances place it within their reach."Aberdeen Chronicle, June 12. Universal Lexicon of the Latin Language. THE UNIVERSAL LATIN LEXICON in which the Paduan Appendix has been incorporated, and the London: Baldwin and Cradock, Paternoster Row; and 2. A Narrative of the Captivity and Adven- sistent with the Creation of all Things, the Appearan ces of Nature, and the Dictates of Reason and Revelation. In Three Parts. By G. M. BELL, Glasgow. Printed for W. R. M Phun; and sold by W. Simpkin and R. Marshall, London. HE NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW, THE No. 67. Price 6s. 6d. Principal Articles.-On the Diffusion of Knowledge-On the 3. Memoirs of the Life and Works of Rom--Works of Jefferson, &c. &c. &c. 4. The History of English Law, from the 5. English Synonymes explained. By the Rev. J. B. S. Carwithen. 2 vols. 8vo. price 26s. 8. Popular Illustrations of Medicine. By Chemistry. In 2 vols. 8vo. the 11th edition, price 1. 14. 9. Dr. Henry's Elements of Experimental 11. A Guide to the French Language, particularly adapted for Self-Instruction. By J. J. P. Le Brethon. 8vo. 4th edition, 19. A Key to the Exercises, price 8s. 12. New Supplement to the Pharmacopoeias of London, Edinburgh, Dublin, and Paris. By James Rennie. 14. Dr. Lingard's History of England. 4to. 17. Mill's Analysis of the Phenomena of the Human Mind, in 2 vols. 8vo. 16s. boards. Prior, Esq. A new edition, in 2 vols. 8vo. with a fine Portrait, The following three works, published under the superin- Storms-Architecture in the United States-On the Rectification Principal Articles.-On the Phenomena and Causes of Hail. of the Ellipse-On the American Cicada, (with a coloured Plate) -the Gold of the Carolinas, &c. &c. &c. The Christian Examiner and General Review New Series, No. 8, price 3. 6d.: Nos. 1 to 7 may be had, containing Articles by Dr. Channing, and other eminent American Writers. O. Rich, 19, Red Lion Square, Holborn. On Health and Long Life.-3d edition, price 98. boards, URE METHODS of IMPROVING Diet and Regimen. Embracing all the most approved principles HEALTH and PROLONGING LIFE, by regulating the of Health and Longevity, and exhibiting the remarkable Power of proper Food, Wine, Exercise, &c. in the Cure of obstinate Chronic Diseases, as well as in promoting Health and Long Life. 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Number 75 (the Life of Kepler, Part II.) is the last published of the Library of Useful Knowledge. Of the Farmer's Series, No. 1 to 7; and Maps, Part 1 to 6. LABE, exécuté par ordre du Roi, pendant les Années 1826, 1827, 1828, et 1829, sous le Commandement de M. J. Du London: Published by Baldwin and Cradock. "He is copious, melodious, and energetic; his style is gorgeous and flowing; his descriptions magnificent; his banquets and revelries breathe the very air of splendid voluptuousness; and his scenes of battles and councils are full of solemnity and ardour." -Edinburgh Review, No. 95. A VOYAGE de la CORVETTE l'ASTRO-In vols, demy 3x0. price 21a, boards, or in royal 8vo. 11. 11s. Gd. mont d'Urville, Capitaine de Vaisseau. Douze volumes, in-8vo, Burke's Peerage for 1830. 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In 3 vols. post 8vo. glish Language. 2d edition, beautifully printed in 32mo. and Price 6. without Map, and 74. with Map, In 8vo. boards, with an Atlas of 14 Lithographic Engravings in By EDWARD J. SEYMOUR, M.D. HE COURT JOURNAL of Saturday, A FORMULARY for the PREPARA THE June 19th, besides presenting its readers with a fine Likeness of his Majesty, after a Portrait by Sir Thomas Lawrence, contains among other attractions-Court and Royal Movements, Fashionable Tactics, No. III., the Clubs of St. James's, Boodle's, Brooke's, White's, Crockford's Characteristic Anecdotes of the Duke of Wn, Mr. P-1, Sir W. W. W-n, &c.-On Guitar Playing, all the best Players and Composers-Taglioni and Lablache-Personal Memoirs of Pryse Gordon, Esq.-Sporting Intelligence Ascot-Captain Ross and Mr. Osbaldiston's Grand Rowing Match, &c.-Sontag's Nobility-Original Letters from Paris, Berlin, Greece, Odessa, &c.-Movements of Foreign Courts, Literary, Political, Theatrical, and Miscellaneous-News of the Week, &c. &c. TION and EMPLOYMENT of several NEW REME- Dublin Literary Gazette. On Monday, June 28th, will be published in London, HE DUBLIN LITERARY GAZETTE; completion of the 26th Number, which closes the first Half-year. It has been resolved to alter the form of this publication, on the In future it will be published monthly, under the title of the Dublin Literary Gazette and National Magazine, price 2s. 6d. It will thus contain a greater quantity and variety of matter, and at a much lower price, as it will no longer be subject to stamp duty. For the high character which the Dublin Literary Gazette has already attained, the Proprietors are happy to refer to the whole periodical press of Great Britain and Ireland. For the ability ment is confided to the same Editor who has hitherto conducted ducted, the best pledge they can offer is the fact, that its managethe D. L. G.; and that in no one instance has a Number of that Journal ever been a single hour later of appearing than the time advertised in the prospectus. The First Number of the Dublin Literary Gazette and National Magazine will be published in London on Monday, July 5. No. II. for the Month of August, will be published on the last day of July, and every succeeding No. on the last day of the Month. W. Thomas, at the Office, No. 19, Catherine Street, and for- SKETCHES of the most PREVALENT and regularity with which the National Magazine will be con Published every Saturday Morning, for Henry Colburn, by warded, postage free, to all parts of the Kingdom. DISEASES of India, comprising a Treatise on the Epi- CAMP of WALLENSTEIN, from by Tables and Plates. the German; and original Poems. By LORD FRANCIS LEVESON GOWER. Under the especial Patronage of the King. Printed for Thomas and George Underwood, 32, Fleet Street. Complete Sets of the D. L. G. in its weekly form, may be had any day after this week, of Messrs. Hurst, Chance, and Co. St. THE July, will contain and Memoirs of Earl Spencer, K.G.-The Bishop of Chichester, Clerk of the Closet to the King-and Thomas Young, LL.D. from the original Picture by Sir Thomas Lawrence. Imperial 8vo. 3.; ditto, Proofs on India paper, 5.; royal 4to. King's edition, early Proofs, on India paper, and limited in Number, 7. 6d. per Number. A few Proofs of each Portrait on India paper, before letters, are taken, for sale separately, price 38. each. "An excellent work, admirably managed."-New Monthly Magazine, June 1830. London: Fisher, Son, and Co. Newgate Street; and all Bookseliers. PART XXXIV. of the OLIO will be pub-TRENOR JUAN de VEGA, the Spanish Minstrel of on the 30th instant. Vol. V. will be ready on the same day, HE CAPTIVE of FEZ; a Poem, in bellished with 28 finely executed original Engravings. THE Five Cantos. For all Families.-Price 5s. cloth, FAMILY MANUAL and SERVANTS GUIDE. With upwards of One Thousand New and Approved Receipts, arranged and adapted for Families and all Classes of Servants. "No servant should be without it."-Morning Advertiser. "To servants living in the metropolis, this book must be an indispensable vade-mecum. It will also be exceedingly useful to people living in the country, not only on account of its peculiar information with respect to cookery, gardening, &c. but as a means of improving and systematising their domestic economy." -Edinburgh Literary Gazette. The Arcana of Science for 1830, price 5s. And edited by JOHN HOWELL, Author of "Journal of a Soldier," "Life of John Nicol," &c. This singular piece of autobiography exhibits, most minutely and faithfully, the real adventures of Alexander Alexander, the disowned son of a gentleman in the west of Scotland. It commences with infancy, traverses three quarters of the globe, and comprehends a period of nearly fifty years of the life of a man who has been placed in many trying situations, as a soldier, an overseer in the West Indies, and an officer in the patriot armies of South America: it is, in short, the complete, unreserved tory of a human being. Printed for William Blackwood, Edinburgh; and T. Cadell, Strand, London. Price 1. 14. 1828 and 1829, through Great Britain and Ireland: a Character em-prised in Two octavo volumes, and will be accompanied with a performed by an English Gentleman. The Work will be comPortrait of the Author in the Dress he wore during this under Vols. I. to V. price 17. 17s. 6d. extra boards. taking, drawn by John Hayter, and lithographed by W. Sharpe. Printing for W. Simpkin and R. Marshall, Stationers' The Portrait named above will be published separately, A COMPLETE THEORETICAL and FRASER'S MAGAZINE ARTIST, AMATEUR, and PRINTER. Translated from the No. VI. To be published July 1st, embellished with a No. 1. The Ballot- Carwell-3. Government of Lower Ca- posthumous Bust by Sievier, with Five other Engravings. Latest splendid Engraving on steel of Sir Thomas Lawrence, from the nada-4. Wilson's Life of Daniel De Foe-5. Greek Lexicons-Parisian and English Fashions. 6. Physiology and Cultivation of Trees-7. Game of Life-8. Dobell's Siberia-9. Bishop of London and Sabbath-breaking-10.-Lays of the Affections-Unpublished Tales of the Arabian Contents: Life and Character of Goethe-The Jews of Barbary Three Courses and a Dessert-Dominie's Legacy-11. Clarendon Nights-Busy Bodies--The Devil's Bridge, &c. &c. his-Stamp-Tax and Synod of Somerset House--15. Patronage of Art, -12. Moorsom's Nova Scotia-13. Religious Disabilities-14. and the President of the Royal Academy-16. Distress of the Country-17. Egyptian Notation-18. Great Britain and France. No. 26 will be published on the 30th Sept. THE NOBLE GAME of BILLIARDS, wherein are exhibited extraordinary and surprising Strokes, which have excited the admiration of most of the Sovereigns of Europe. Translated from the French of the celebrated M. MINGAUD, Formerly Capitaine d'Infanterie in the Service of France. Dedicated, by permission, to the Most Noble the Marquess of Cleveland. Robert Heward, 2, Wellington Street, Strand, at the Office On the 1st of July, dedicated to Her Highness the Princess Vic- proving themselves worthy a Blackwood of their own; and we To be had of all Booksellers and Newsmen throughout the Dr. Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopædia. This work is elegantly got her land comprises 43 well-executed THE JUVENILE LIBRARY, No. 1. STORY ENGLAND, KINTOSH'S HIS copper-plates, with directions for performing, with precision, the containing the Lives of Remarkable Youth of both Sexes.lished July 1. LIFE in LONDON of Sunday Dr. Lardner. next, the 27th of June, will contain a spirited full-length Sketch of His Majesty, seated in his Pony Chaise, as he was seen driving in Windsor Park shortly before his recent Indisposition. and will form an admirable companion to the Portrait of His This Print can be sent, post-free, to all parts of the Kingdom, Majesty, published in Bell's Life in London on the 6th of June. Bell's Life in London, price Sevenpence, containing this Print of the 29th, at the Office, No. 169, Strand, where Franks may be had, gratis, to send it to any part of England, Scotland, and Ireland, free of postage. Bell's Life in London of Sunday, June In 2 vols. 8vo. price 17. 164. boards, PRACTICAL TREATISE on the LAW of SLANDER and LIBEL, and incidentally of Malicious Prosecutions; with a Preliminary Discourse, and Appendix of Precedents of Forms of Declaration, Justification, Indict-the King, will be kept on sale Monday, June 28th, and Tuesday ments, &c. Second edition, with very considerable Additions. By THOMAS STARKIE, Esq. London: J. and W. T. Clarke, Law Booksellers and Publishers, 27th, will, in addition to the Print of the King, contain a second LONDON: Published every Saturday, by W. A. SCRIPPS, at J. MOYES, Took's Court, Chancery Lane.«@* AND Journal of Belles Lettres, Arts, Sciences, &c. This Journal is supplied Weekly, or Monthly, by the principal Booksellers and Newsmen, throughout the Kingdom; but to those who may desire its immediate transmission, by post, we recommend the LITERARY GAZETTE, printed on stamped paper, price One Shilling. No. 702. REVIEW OF NEW BOOKS. emerging from the long domination of the spiritual rulers, when a Saxon monk was to Tatars. Venice, Hungary, and Poland, three proclaim (without his own knowledge, and The Cabinet Cyclopædia: conducted by the states now placed under foreign masters, then against his opinions) the right of every man to Rev. D. Lardner, LL.D., &c. &c. No. 8. guarded the eastern frontier of Christendom think for himself on all subjects-the increasVol. I. of the History of England, by Sir against the Ottoman barbarians, whom the ing duty of exercising that right in proportion James Mackintosh, M.P. 8vo. pp. 382. absence of foresight, of mutual confidence, and to the sacredness and awfulness of the subjectLondon, 1830. Longman and Co. a disregard of safety and honour which dis- the injustice and tyranny of all laws which forOUR anticipations of this volume were cer- graced western governments, had just suffered bid men to aid their judgment by discussion, tainly very highly raised, and, unlike such an- to master Constantinople and to subjugate the and to disclose to others what they prized as ticipations in general, they have not been dis-eastern Christians. France had consolidated invaluable truths. The discovery of the free appointed. A philosophical spirit, a nervous the greater part of her central and commanding exercise of reason, thus unconsciously and unstyle, and a full knowledge of the subject, ac- territories. In the transfer of the Nether-designedly made, was the parent of every other quired by considerable research into the works lands to the house of Austria originated the invention and improvement; but it could not of preceding chroniclers and historians, emi- French jealousy of that power, then rising into have been, perhaps, effected at that time withnently distinguish this popular abridgment, importance in south-eastern Germany. The out another occurrence, which strikingly illusand cannot fail to recommend it to universal empire was daily becoming a looser confederacy trates the contrast between the lasting and the approbation. With so many and such sterling under a nominal ruler whose small remains of momentary importance of the facts which afclaims to our praise, its nature, however, does authority every day contributed to lessen. The fect the temporary greatness of single states, not impose upon us the duty of being very internal or constitutional history of the Eu- and those advances in civilisation in which the profuse in our extracts to illustrate the merits ropean nations threatened in almost every con-whole race of man partakes." to which we have alluded. General character tinental country the fatal establishment of ab- From the close of the book we are inclined is sufficient where the ground has been so solute monarchy, from which the free and to leap back all the way to its commencement often trodden before; and yet we must, in generous spirit of the northern barbarians did for our next extract :-one in which the author justice to the vigorous and accomplished au- not protect their degenerate posterity. In the states the purpose he has thus far so ably fulthor, shew our readers how amply he has de- Netherlands, an ancient gentry, and burghers filled. served the tribute which we have the pleasure enriched by traffic, held their still limited "The object at which I have aimed is, to to pay to his labours. princes in check. In Switzerland, the patri- lay before the reader a summary of the most A vignette of John signing Magna Charta, cians of a few towns, together with the gallant memorable events in English history, in reengraved by E.. Finden after H. Corbould, is peasantry of the Alpine valleys, escaped a gular succession, together with an exposition an appropriate porch to the literary fabric; an master. But parliaments and diets, states- of the nature and progress of our political inadvertisement briefly explaining the writer's general and cortez, were gradually disappear-stitutions clear enough for educated and thinkviews, and an introduction throwing a glance ing from view, or reduced from august assem- ing men, with as little reasoning or reflection over the earliest state of society among the blies to insignificant formalities; and Europe as the latter part of the object to which I have European races, lead us to the British and seemed on the eve of exhibiting nothing to the just adverted will allow, and with no more Roman period; and thence we are con- disgusted eye but the dead uniformity of im- than that occasional particularity which may ducted through the various revolutions of the becile despotism, dissolute courts, and cruelly be needed to characterise an age or nation-to country to the year 1451, when under our oppressed nations. In the mean time the al-lay open the workings of the minds who have feeble sixth Henry the English were finally most unobserved advancement and diffusion of guided their fellow-men; and, most of all, to expelled from France. The general reflections knowledge were paving the way for discoveries strengthen the moral sentiments by the exerupon this epoch offer a fair example of Sir of which the high results will be contemplated cise of them on all the personages conspicuous James Mackintosh's performance. only by unborn ages. The mariner's compass in history. I am fearful that I shall be thought "A historian (he observes) who rests for a had conducted the Portuguese to distant to have said too much for one class of readers, little space between the termination of the points on the coast of Africa, and was about and too little for another, on the history of our Plantagenet wars in France and the commence- to lead them through the unploughed ocean to government and laws. I can only offer in ment of the civil wars of the two branches of the famous regions of the east. Civilised men, excuse, that the characteristic quality of Enthat family in England, may naturally look hitherto cooped up on the shores of the Medi-glish history is, that it stands alone as the hisaround him, reviewing some of the more im- terranean and the Atlantic, now visited the tory of the progress of a great people towards portant events which had passed, and casting whole of their subject planet, and became its liberty during six centuries; that it does not his eye onward to the then unmarked prepa- more undisputed sovereigns. The man was appear reasonable to lose sight of this extraorrations for the mighty mutations which were then born who, with two undecked boats and dinary distinction in any account of it, howto affect the relations of states towards each one frail sloop, containing with difficulty a ever compressed; that the statement offered other, their internal rule and condition, and to hundred and twenty persons, dared to stretch here, short as it must be, may much facilitate produce an influence on the character and lot across an unpassed ocean, which had hitherto the right understanding of more recent controof the European, and even of the human race. bounded the imaginations as well as the enter-versies and changes; and, lastly, that a writer, A very few particulars only can be selected as prises of men; and who, instead of that India however much he is to curb his peculiarities specimens from so vast a mass. The founda- renowned in legend and in story, of which he and guard against his most frequent faults, tions of the political system of the European was in quest, laid open a new world, which must at the same time bear in mind that there commonwealth were now laid. A glance over under the hands of the European race was one are some parts of every extensive subject for the map of Europe in 1453 will satisfy an ob- day to produce governments, laws, manners, which nature and habit have less unfitted him server that the territories of different nations modes of civilisation, and states of society, than for others. If in this case I have inwere then fast approaching to the shape and almost as different as its native plants and dulged my own taste too much while walking extent which they retain at this day. The animals from those of ancient Europe. Who on a path by me before untrodden, I may reaEnglish islanders had only one town of the could then-who can even now-foresee all sonably hope that experience will enable me to continent remaining in their hands. The the prodigious effects of these discoveries on avoid that excess in the sequel of my undertakMahometans of Spain were on the eve of being the fortunes of mankind? The moment was ing. It is now apparent that the work cannot reduced under the Christian authority. Italy fast approaching, though unseen by civil and be confined within the limits first announced had, indeed, lost her liberty, but had escaped *** Columbus, born 1441, or earlier according to Mr. to the public. How far it may be found ne the ignominy of a foreign yoke. Muscovy was w. Irving." cessary to extend them, is a matter on which it will require the experience of at least another quickly revived the sense of professional de-exist concerning the qualifications of their convolume to warrant me in venturing publicly on corum, and led rapidly to the simple conclusion, stituent members, there is no reason to doubt a more specific declaration." that the only sure way of appearing to be good that the fulness of legislative authority was We cannot do better than select for our is by being so in truth. A man of decisive exercised by the king only when he was preensuing exemplification one of those passages character might seek to secure himself from sent in such national assemblies, and acted to which the writer alludes, as likely to be relapse by flying to the opposite extreme in his with their advice and consent. The king thought too much by one, and too little by outward deportment. It is not to be certainly made his propositions to the parliament in the another class of his readers; and we look to pronounced, that either the subsequent violence form most inoffensive to the church, as a rethe great struggle between church and state, of his policy, or the gross inconsistency of cognition and affirmance of the customs and which took place in the reign of Henry II. some parts of his conduct with his professions, liberties observed in the time of his prede"Thomas-à-Becket, the hero and martyr of decisively excludes the milder construction of cessors, especially of the late king; which, the ecclesiastical party, was the son of a citizen his motives. Moderation is the best pledge of however disregarded in practice, yet by force of London, as ancient chroniclers tell us, by a sincerity, but excess is no positive proof of of the comprehensive clause restoring the Saxon Saracen lady, under circumstances which, how- hypocrisy. Though those who suddenly change laws, might be easily made to extend to the ever repugnant to the course of ordinary life, the whole system of their conduct have most concessions he had required from the clergy." must have been probably more than once com- need of candour, they are by no means at all On Becket's death the following remarks bined in the crusades. Gilbert, his father, times the foremost to practise it. But the occur. made an expedition to the Holy Land, pro- conduct of Becket has too much the appearance "Thus perished a man of extraordinary bably not without some views to his calling as of being the policy of a man who foresaw that abilities and courage, turbulent and haughty a trader. He, and his only attendant, Richard, he was about to carry on war, as the leader of indeed; without amiable virtues, but also were made prisoners by a Mussulman emir, a religious party; and that it was necessary without mean vices; who doubtless believed whose daughter they were permitted some- for him to assume that ostentation of sternness, that he was promoting the reign of justice by times to see; a permission which loses much and display of austerity, which the leaders of subjecting the men of blood to the ministers of of its improbability, if we suppose that he was such parties have ever found to be the most religion; but who was neither without amemployed in procuring European ornaments effectual means of securing the attachment of bition nor above the vulgar means of pursuing for her, and was allowed to see a lady so ex- the people, and of inflaming their passions his objects. That Henry did not intend the alted above him from a mixture of convenience against the common enemy. Religion might murder of Becket, may be concluded from the and contempt. She asked him about his re- even acquire a place in his mind which she had legal hostilities which were in contemplation ligion, and whether he was ready to risk his not before; but it was so alloyed by worldly against him, and from a confidence that so life for his God. To die,' he answered. passions, that it is impossible for us to trust on sagacious a monarch must have foreseen much Then,' said she, let us escape together.' any occasion to the purity of his motives. The of the mischief which this atrocious deed acHe could not refuse. Either his courage left common objects of vulgar ambition were un- tually brought on him. It is deserving of him, or the attempt failed. He escaped with doubtedly sacrificed by Becket. He lost high observation, how many murders were perpesafer companions. She afterwards broke her office and unbounded favour. He preferred to trated in churches in those ages, when they prison; and by the repetition of the word them dominion over the minds of men, and the sheltered the worst criminals from justice. London,' found her way marvellously by applause of the whole lettered part of Europe. Since the period when they are considered sea and land to that city, where she had no In the year 1163, the hostilities between church with reasonable respect, and have ceased to other resource than that of crying through the and state began. Many instances of the most enjoy a discreditable immunity, they have also streets Gilbert! the name of him whom she scandalous impunity of atrocious crimes, per- ceased to be the theatre of such bloody scenes." loved; the only European word, besides Lon-petrated by ecclesiastics, had lately occurred. The subjoined refers to another most imdon, with which the forlorn damsel of Syria The king, incensed by these examples, which portant era the gradual formation of the Enwas acquainted. After many adventures she he justly imputed to the exemption of the glish House of Commons. was at length recognised by the faithful Ri- clergy from trial before the secular courts, "On the 6th of August, 1265, a fierce and chard, baptised with the royal name of Ma- while the ecclesiastical tribunals to whom they cruel battle was fought at Evesham, between tilda, married to her Gilbert, and she became were subject had no power to inflict capital, or, prince Edward and the Earl of Leicester. The the mother of Thomas-à-Becket. This child indeed, any adequate punishment, called toge- king, who was then a prisoner in the hands of of love and wonder was beautiful, brave, ther a great council at Westminster, and re- Leicester, is said to have been brought into the lively, even lettered; and we must not wonder quired the bishops to renounce for their clergy field. The Welsh auxiliaries in Leicester's that he plunged into the parade and dissipation an impunity as dishonourable to themselves as army are charged (but by English writers) with of the noble companions who condescended to inconsistent with order and law. He required breaking the line by a disorderly flight on the receive him among their friends. He appears that every clerk taken in the act of committing first onset. In attempting to rouse the valour to have been originally made provost of Be- an enormous crime, who was convicted of it, of his troops, which this example had damped, verly, before Theobald had prevailed on the or had confessed it, should be degraded and by rushing into the midst of the enemy, Leicesking to make him archdeacon of Canterbury, forthwith delivered over to secular officers for ter was surrounded and slain: his army was and subsequently chancellor. His manners the purpose of condign punishment. Finding totally defeated, with great slaughter both of and occupations, his pursuits, his amusements, it difficult to obtain this moderate demand, he the leaders and of the soldiery. His body was, were eminently worldly. When Henry told tried to obtain the same object in less offensive after being mangled and mutilated in a manner him, that he was to be archbishop of Canter- language. He asked if they were ready to to which the decency of a civilised age forbids bury, he smiled at the metamorphosis: when observe the customs and prerogatives of Henry a more distinct allusion, laid before the lady of spoken to more earnestly, he appears to have I.? The archbishop answered, Yes; saving Roger Lord Mortimer, as a sight grateful to agreed with all other men in thinking, that the rights and privileges of their order;'-one her humanity and delicacy. His hands and the choice could only have arisen from Henry's of those reservations which seem specious till it feet were cut from the body, and sent to several confidence in him as a blind instrument in his be discovered that they destroy the concession places.' His memory was long revered by the expected contests with the church. Honour to which they are annexed. The king left people as one who died a martyr to the liberties alone was, perhaps, enough to call up a sudden them with just displeasure: they followed of the realm. During the vigorous reign which blush at so degrading a reliance. Do not him to Woodstock, where they assented to the ensued, the popular feeling was suppressed. In appoint me, sir, I entreat you. You place me demand without any saving of the rights of the next generation, when the public feeling in the only office in which I may be obliged no their order. The archbishop was not persuaded could be freely uttered, he was called Sir Simon longer to be your friend.' Thus far his de- to follow his brethren till the last moment. the Righteous.' Miracles were ascribed to portment was manly; what followed is more Henry then called a general council at Claren- him, and the people murmured at canonisation ambiguous. He immediately dismissed his don, about the end of January, 1164, to give being withheld from their martyr. He died splendid train cast off his magnificent apparel, the form of law and the weight of national unconscious of the imperishable name which he abandoned sports and revels, and lived with assent to the moderate concessions which the acquired by an act which he probably considered fewer attendants, coarser clothes, and scantier clergy had made to good order and public as of very small importance, the summoning food, than suited the dignity of his station. justice. The assembly at Clarendon seems to a parliament, of which the lower house was That extraordinary changes suddenly manifest have been the most considerable of those which composed, as it has ever since been formed, of themselves, especially in a lofty and susceptible met under the title of the Great or Common knights of the shires, and members for cities spirit like that of Becket, is certainly true; Council of the Realm since the Norman in- and boroughs. He thus unknowingly deterand it is evident, on a merely human view of vasion. They were not yet called by the name mined that England was to be a free country; the subject, that personal honour might have of a parliament. But whatever difficulty may land he was the blind instrument of disclosing fable or romance of Eustace St. Pierre and the citizens of Paris is also told at this era, without any question of its historical truth: and the glorious battle of Poitiers is very shortly dismissed, without adverting to recent lights thrown on that memorable victory. We have only farther to add, respecting insulated events, that Sir James Mackintosh does not yield his belief to Mr. Fraser Tytler's theory of the resi dence of Richard II. in Scotland after his depoA curious table of the Anglo-Saxon population is appended to the volume, of which we now take leave; hardly caring to repeat our recommendation of it to that popularity which it is so sure to enjoy as a model of history. Southennan. By John Galt, Esq., author of "Lawrie Todd," "Annals of the Parish," &c. 3 vols. 12mo. London, 1830. Colburn and Bentley. to the world that great institution of represent-portance with the relaxation of the feudal | common story, and ascribes the Prince of Wales' ation which was to introduce into popular go- tenures, and the increasing opulence of towns. assumption of the motto Ich dien to his having vernments a regularity and order far more per- The attempt of the barons to include talliage, slain the King of Bohemia with his own hand; fect than had heretofore been purchased by and even the vague mention of the privileges of a fact of which we expressed a doubt in our submission to absolute power, and to draw forth burghs, are decisive symptoms of this silent recent review of the Anglo-Gallic Coins, and a liberty from confinement in single cities to a revolution. But the generally feudal character doubt to which we still adhere, in spite of this fitness for being spread over territories which, of the charter and the main objects of its new authority. It would perhaps be too much experience does not forbid us to hope, may be framers prevailed over that premature but very to expect from the author of a history like this, as vast as have ever been grasped by the iron honest effort of the barons. The following that he should give the toil of minute inquiry gripe of a despotic conqueror. The origin of general observations may, perhaps, throw some into every mere point which has been contraso happy an innovation is one of the most in-light on the transition by which the national verted; but the fame of our hero Edward teresting objects of inquiry which occurs in assembly passed from an aristocratical legisla- ought not to be stained upon the allegations of human affairs; but we have scarcely any posi- ture, representing, perhaps not inadequately, the enemies whom his valour humbled. The tive information on the subject: for our ancient the opinions of all who could have exercised historians, though they are not wanting in political rights if they had then possessed them; diligently recording the number and the acts of through the stage of a great council, of which national assemblies, describe their composition the popular portion consisted of all tenants in in a manner too general to be instructive; and chief who had the power and the desire to attake little note of novelty or peculiarity in the tend such meetings; and at last terminated in constitution of that which was called by the a parliament, of which members chosen by the Earl of Leicester. That assembly met at Lon- lesser nobility, by the landholders, and by the don on the 22d of January, 1265, according to industrious inhabitants of towns, were a comwrits still extant, and the earliest of their kind ponent part. With respect to the elections for known to us, directing the sheriffs to elect counties, the necessary steps are few and sim-sition. and return two knights for each county; two ple. The appointment of certain knights to citizens for each city; and two burgesses for examine and redress the grievances in their every burg in the county.' If this assembly be respective counties, was likely to be the first supposed to be the same which is vested with advance. The instances of such nomination in the power of granting supply by the Great the thirteenth century were probably, in some Charter of John, the constitution must be measure, copied from more ancient precedents, thought to have undergone an extensive, though overlooked by the monkish historians. It is unrecorded, revolution in the somewhat inade- scarcely to be doubted that, before the Great quate space of only fifty years, which had Charter of John, the king had employed comelapsed since the capitulation of Runnymede: missioners to persuade the gentry of the profor in the Great Charter we find the tenants of vinces to pay the scutages and aids, which, WHO is not read in fairy love? and who will not the crown in chief alone expressly mentioned though their general legality was unquestion-recollect that there are some spirits all powerful as forming with the prelates and peers the able, were sure to be often in arrear. They in their own domain, but weak and subdued common council for purposes of taxation; and were, doubtless, armed with power to compro- when beyond their own enchanted territory? even they seem to have been required to give mise and to facilitate payment by an equitable Some such spirit is surely Mr. Galt's inspiratheir personal attendance, the important cir- distribution of the burden among the military tion; and historic fiction is the running stream cumstances of election and representation not tenants. It is a short step from this state of which puts a boundary to his magic, and over being mentioned in the treaty with John. Nei. things to direct the inferior military tenants of which he cannot pass. Public opinion has in ther does it contain any stipulation of sufficient the whole kingdom to send deputies to the this confirmed our own: while the Annals of distinctness applicable to cities and boroughs, capital, empowered to treat with the crown re- the Parish, Lawrie Todd, &c., are in every for which the charter provides no more than specting these contributions on general and body's hands, the volumes, of all others in the the maintenance of their ancient liberties. Pro- uniform principles. The distinction made by circulating libraries, which "see a deal of serbable conjecture is all that can now be expected the charter between the greater barons, who vice"--the Spae Wife and Rothallan are conrespecting the rise and progress of these changes. were personally summoned, and the smaller signed to more than comparative obscurity. It is, indeed, beyond all doubt, that by the barons, who were only warned to attend by For humour blent with pathos, for giving inconstitution, even as subsisting under the early general proclamation, pointed out very obvi- tense individuality to an oddity, for those slight Normans, the great council shared the legisla- ously the application to the latter of the prin- touches a phrase, a thought-which are to a tive power with the king, as clearly as the par- ciple of representation, by which alone they book what breath is to the body, that which is liament have since done. But these great could retain any influence over the public coun- its life-Mr. Galt is unrivalled. How is it, councils do not seem to have contained mem-cils. The other great change, namely, the then, that his historic romances are cold, unbers of popular choice; and the king, who was admission of all who held land from any lord interesting, deficient in character and dramatic supported by the revenue of his demesnes, and mesne or paramount, not by a base tenure, to power? We are inclined thus to solve the by dues from his military tenants, does not ap-vote in the election of knights of the shire, has difficulty. We do not think that either imagi. pear at first to have imposed, by legislative aura been generally regarded as inexplicable. Con- nation or invention are with him very creative thority, general taxes to provide for the secu-siderable light has lately been thrown upon it powers; he requires to see, in order to describe, rity and good government of the community. by one of the most acute and learned of our which he will do to perfection; he requires a These were abstract notions, not prevalent in constitutional antiquaries. It is universally hint how to act, a face from which to draw his ages when the monarch was a lord paramount agreed, and, indeed, demonstrated by the most likeness, a living material on which he may rather than a supreme magistrate. Many of early writs, that the suitors at the county court work: in short, why Lawrie Todd is the first the feudal perquisites had been arbitrarily aug- became afterwards the voters at county elec. of its class, and Southennan so low, is, that mented, and oppressively levied. These the tions. It is now proved that numerous free Mr. Galt has lived in America, seen American Great Charter, in some cases, reduced to a cer- tenants of mesne lords, in every county of people; whereas he certainly did not live in tain sum; while it limited the period of mili-England, did suit and service at county courts, Queen Mary's time, and has only read about tary service itself. With respect to scutages certainly in the reigns of Henry III. and of her courtiers: he possesses the rare and graphic and aids, which were not capable of being re- Edward I.; probably in times so ancient, that talent of reality, but not that of romance. duced to a fixed rate, the security adopted was, we can see no light beyond them. As soon, Southennan, the ostensible hero, is a nonenthat they should never be legal, unless they therefore, as the suitors acquired votes, the tity; and the heroine only remarkable for the were assented to at least by the majority of whole body of the freeholders became the con-violence of her first love, and the quiet, easy those who were to pay them. Now these were stituents in counties. Some part of the same manner she recovers from the most desperate not the people at large, but the military tenants process may be traced in the share of represent-grief to marry another-nothing can be more of the crown, who are accordingly the only ation conferred on towns." persons entitled to be present at the great Our remaining notice must be more brief council to be holden for taxation. Very early, than we could desire, looking at the very intehowever, talliages had been exacted by the resting parts which present themselves to us as crown from those who were not military te-eligible for selection. In describing the battle nants; and this imposition daily grew in im- of Crecy, we notice that Sir James follows the abrupt or unnatural than the transition. Again: we rather suppose the author means us to be interested for Mary; but he has contrived, and we think unconsciously, to make the sacrifice of Chatelard one of the most heartless, calculating pieces of self-security of which woman |