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They divided, therefore, that support which for the future they will seek to concentrate. It would be easy to shew that the public as well as the proprietors of the "Foreign Quarterly Review," will derive benefit from the change. Without admitting that either of the rival works was conducted in a spirit inferior to its pretensions, it must be a solid and permanent SIR WILLIAM GELL'S POMPEII or industry, or talent, must produce a more, Wide ther of capital, POMPEIANA: the Topography, Edifices, and Orna- effect than any detached efforts, however vigorous. The sources ments of Pompeii. of information, and the literary connexions, which were formerly the exclusive advantage of either, are now the joint stock; and it may reasonably be supposed, that where there is a larger choice of materials for an intellectual entertainment, the most attracdenied that in Literature, especially, mediocrity of success must tive fare will be selected out of the abundance. 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The queen, notwithstanding this with some Account of the Period in which use the words of our fair historian, not always sarcastic allusion, had not, however, in rehe lived. By Mrs. A. T. Thomson, author profound, at least always clear, he raised in ceiving Ralegh into her favour, departed from of " Memoirs of the Court of Henry VIII." his Universal History a fitting monument to her usual rule of never admitting a mechanic 8vo. pp. 496. London, 1830. Longman himself. With regard to his last voyage, it or new man into her confidence;' and Ralegh almost seems to us that, harassed by misfor-had, afterwards, the credit, by his deeds, of IT were indeed but enlarging on a truism tune, wearied by imprisonment, decayed in directing the investigation of antiquaries to the were we to dwell on how important to a bio-health, and over-excited by the hope on which details of his lineage. These, as points of curigrapher is the choice of subject: taking its he had brooded too much in solitude,-his im-ous inquiry, demand some attention; but are importance as admitted, we cannot but con- patience took the character of an insanity, of subordinate interest in the history of one gratulate Mrs. Thomson on a selection which which urged him on to the fatal expedition whose very poverty and obscurity became the seems to us peculiarly happy. We have al- that finally led him to the scaffold. Such is origin of his fortunes, by being the stimulus to ways considered that the history of one in- the outline of a life which, in Mrs. Thomson's his industry. dividual mind-its efforts and progress-its hands, is a mine of interest; from the first "To the scene of his childhood, Ralegh, in changes, both in their causes and results, and page to the last, the attention is roused and common with many men who have afterwards the effect that one individual may thus produce sustained; and while we approve the manner, encountered the cares of a public career, re-a more interesting and infinitely more bene- we still more applaud the spirit in which it is tained an indelible attachment. It is pleasing ficial study, than half the conquests and kingly executed; perhaps both of these will be best to find him, at a subsequent period of his life, successions by which history is registered and displayed by the following extracts. when ambition appears to have engrossed him, filled; and romantic attraction and moral in- The family of Ralegh, at the time of his endeavouring, though without success, to posvestigation are alike called forth in the history birth, was greatly reduced in circumstances, sess the humble residence of his youth. The of Sir Walter Ralegh. We see him first a and in the full experience of those privations patrimonial estate was Fardel, in the parish of young and ardent spirit, to whom obstacles which attend poverty encumbered with rank. Cornwood, near Plymouth; and Smalridge, seem but made to be overcome-excitements No title, except that of knighthood, had, in-near Axminster, is said to have belonged to his rather than dissuasives; we follow him through deed, as yet, given false splendour to a name ancestors in the time of Henry VIII., but to a coarse of courtly success, and, alas! courtly which boasted an ancient connexion with Ro- have been sold, from the prodigality of its intrigue, with all its attendant meannesses and bert of Gloucester, a natural son of Henry I.; owners," falsehoods. This part of Ralegh's life places in but the name of Ralegh had been one of some a most melancholy light the influence of de- importance, and of great antiquity. Varying basing circumstance over the noblest nature. in its orthography from Rale, or Ralega, to "To the attractions of a noble figure, RaThat his spirit was of itself high and chivalric, Ralegh, Rawleigh, or Raleigh, this designation legh studied to combine those of a graceful and no one can deny who thinks for a moment on had been affixed to several villages and towns splendid attire. Many of his garments were the many instances in which it was evinced: in Somersetshire, Devonshire, and Essex; and adorned with jewels, according to the richest but never was argument so conclusive of the his ancestors settled in Devonshire before the fashions of the day, and his armour was so fatal effect of despotism, as the simple fact of Norman conquest. Allied by marriage to the costly and curious, that it was preserved, for the degrading power it exercised over even a earls of Devon, and related to various families its rarity, in the Tower. In one of his porRalegh. In the present day, when so many of their own name in Somersetshire and War- traits he is represented in this armour, which avenues are open to honourable ambition, we wickshire, the ancestors of Ralegh had suffered was of silver richly ornamented, and his sword can scarcely comprehend the servile anxiety a gradual decrease in their landed possessions; and belt studded with diamonds, rubies, and evinced for royal favour; but we should re- so that Fardel alone, of all their estates, re-pearls. In another, he chose to be depicted in member royal favour was the only opening to mained as the inheritance of Walter Ralegh, a white satin pinked vest, surrounded with a the young aspirant for fame or fortune that the father of him who was destined again to brown doublet, flowered, and embroidered with there was a species of religious feeling then raise his family to distinction. Some memo-pearls; and on his head, a little black feather, mixed with the homage paid to royalty that rials of ancient grandeur were still, however, with a large ruby and pearl drop to confine the this right divine gave a kind of sacredness to preserved from the devastations of time or mis. loop in place of a button. These, it may be obedience; while, on the other hand, it was the fortune; and Sir Walter received, as an heir- said, were no extraordinary proofs of costly exslight and unsafe tenure by which life and pro- loom, a target, which had been suspended in a penditure in dress, in days when it was the perty was held in those days; add to this, the chapel at Smalridge consecrated to St. Leonard, boast of Villiers Duke of Buckingham, to be force of example-that most powerful moral by one of his forefathers, in gratitude for deli-yoked and manacled' in ropes of pearl, and to tyranny and we shall greatly extenuate that verance from the Gauls; and the records of carry on his cloak and suit alone, diamonds to subjection from which ourselves are so happily this endowment are stated to have been after the value of eighty thousand pounds.” freed; and only wish that a man whose mind wards presented to Sir Walter Ralegh by a Our next is a fine anecdote of Sir Humphrey was so much in advance of his age, had been priest of Axminster. That the origin and Gilbert. "That gallant officer reached Newequally in advance with his actions. The early piety of this ancient race were little foundland, of which, by the usual form of digcourt success of Sir Walter is greatly relieved known in the days of Elizabeth, until the fame ging up a turf, and receiving it with a hazel by the gallant expeditions in which he found of their celebrated descendant called them forth wand, he took possession, in right of the disfitting field for his courage and enterprise. from obscurity, is evident from the anecdote covery made by Cabot ; planted the first British One of our most distinguished navigators, at a which Lord Bacon relates, in illustration of colony there, discovered a silver mine, divided period when ignorance and wonder went hand the popular error which assigned to Ralegh the some portion of the lands among his followers, in hand, and danger gave the poetical colouring term Jack, or upstart.' Queen Elizabeth was and began his voyage home, in the joyful exof romance to the whole, we cannot wonder one day playing upon the virginals, whilst pectation of further encouragement from Queen that his love of discovery amounted to enthu- Lord Oxford and other admiring courtiers stood Elizabeth. But this brave man was destined siasm. The third period of his life is one of by: it happened that the ledge before the jacks never to return to his native country. The history's most extraordinary pictures of human had been taken away; upon observing which, ship in which he had stored the silver ore, strength and weakness; but we will pass in the two noblemen smiled, and when questioned which he designed to shew as a specimen, was silence his humiliating concessions to James, by the queen regarding the cause of their lost; and, before he had passed the Azores, Jonson's opinion of Ralegh; for whilst the mesne which he coveted. Casting his eyes We must not omit the touching mention of "Whether engaged in mournful retrospec 6 tempestuous weather and terrible seas sank the spirits of the sailors, who, in the true spirit of the superstitious fears to which they are prone, reported that they had heard strange voices in the night, scaring them from the helm. Even the principal officers were alarmed for the safety of Sir Humphrey, who had imprudently chosen to sail in the Squirrel, a small frigate. In vain did his friends entreat him to change his vessel, and to come on board the Hinde, the largest "After his trial, the enemies of Ralegh ship of the squadron. The honour of the pretended to find a flaw in the deed of convey. dauntless Sir Gilbert had, unhappily, beentions or in fearful anticipations, Ralegh had ance, and for the omission of a single word, the touched by the imputation of cowardice, a re- not now the consolation which was afterwards oversight of a clerk, and which was in the port false as it was cruel. He persisted, there- afforded him in the society of his distressed paper copy only, it fell into the possession of fore, in remaining at his post, saying, I will and devoted wife. Although absent from him the crown. The person principally benefited not desert my little company, with whom I for whom she endured so much, this unfor-by this discovery was Car, Earl of Somerset, have passed so many storms and perils;' nor tunate lady relaxed not in her exertions to re-who brought the matter before the Court of would he remain on board the Hinde, except deem from destruction the object of her earliest Exchequer, in which a decision was given for a short time, for the purpose of a convivial affections, and the pride of maturer years. against Ralegh: a judgment,' observes the meeting with the officers, their last interview; Three years afterwards, when the king was in relater of the fact, easily to be foreseen and they parted, agreeing that all the captains all his pomp and state at Hampton Court, and without witchcraft, since his chiefest judge was should give orders to hang out lights at night. when the revels of the gay and great were at his greatest enemy, and the case argued between Meanwhile the dangers thickened; the oldest their height, we read of the humiliated and neg-a poor friendless prisoner and a king of mariners declared that they had never witnessed lected Lady Ralegh kneeling to him in behalf of England.' This event took place seven years such seas; the winds changing incessantly, the her husband, but passed in silence by the mo- after the commencement of Sir Walter Ralegh's waves, in the simple language of a spectator, narch. That Ralegh estimated her affection, imprisonment, until which period he had en"breaking high and pyramid-wise.' The hearts and appreciated the strength and elevation of joyed the revenues of Sherborne. In vain did of the most courageous were appalled by a me- her character, is evident from the tone of the the persevering Lady Ralegh,-being, as her teor, common in storms, which the seamen con- eloquent and pathetic letter which it was al-son describes her, a woman of a very high sider to be an apparition of fatal import, and most his earliest care to address to her after spirit, of noble birth and breeding,'-on her which they call Castor and Pollux. Once, his trial. He wrote, indeed, in the first in- knees, and in the bitterness of her heart, in the the anxious company of the Hinde beheld the stance, to the king; but finding his petitions presence of the king, implore Almighty God to frigate nearly cast away; then again it ap-fruitless, he now directed to his wife and to look upon the justness of her cause, and punish proached them, and they saw Sir Humphrey his child every wish which anxious affection those who had so wrongfully exposed her and sitting on the mainmast, with a book in his could dictate. His earnest desire seems to her poor children to beggary.' The inflexible hand, exclaiming, as he regarded his compa-have been, that no fruitless sorrows should and insensible monarch, who had neither the nions in distress, We are as near heaven by diminish the power of exertion which the feeling to pity, nor the discernment to value water as by land.' Suddenly the lights were helpless orphan whom he expected to leave this devoted woman, returned, in his usual extinguished; those who kept watch cried aloud would fully require from his surviving parent. phrase, this reiterated reply, I mun have the that all was over; and, in the morning, the Let my sorrows,' said he, go into my grave land; I mun have it for Car.' And, accordfrigate was beheld no more.' with me, and be buried in the dust. And, ingly, to Car was the estate conveyed. But the seeing it is not the will of God that ever I old prophecy, by those who observed the fate of shall see you more in this life, bear it pa- Sherborne with curiosity, was still thought to tiently, and with a heart like thyself. He hang to its destiny. Through the generous entreated her, not by seclusion and fruitless exertions of Prince Henry, it may be said to sorrow to lose the benefits of exertion: thy have belonged for a time to the house of Stuart, mournings cannot avail me: I am but dust, since he begged it from the king, pretending to Remember your poor child for his father's fancy the place, but in reality with the hope of sake, who chose you and loved you in his hap-restoring it to the accomplished owner of the piest time.' Such are, in part, the exhorta-seat. Unwilling or afraid to refuse the request tions with which Ralegh sought to strengthen of his son, James compromised the matter by the resolution, and to sustain the spirits, of one whom he thought soon to consign to the neglect and indifference of the world." With the curious account of the estate of Sherborne we conclude. What a melancholy picture of Elizabeth's last days is in the next few lines! "Her decline, too fast,' as many thought, 'for the evil that they should get by her death,' and too slow for her own release from misery, was now apparent to all. She joined, indeed, in her former amusements, but it was with a faltering step, and with faint attempts at forced cheerfulness. When, after a short absence, Harrington was summoned to her presence, she inquired if he had seen Tyrone? On his reply, that he had seen him with the lord deputy, she smote her bosom, and said, Oh now it mindeth me that you were one who saw this man elsewhere,'-the connexion between Har. rington and Essex being thus recalled to her. And when Harrington, thinking to revive in her majesty the old remembrance of his pleasantries, which had often amused her, read some verses, she told him, in the language of a breaking heart, that she was passed all relish for fooleries.' "' . How true is the remark on the little of liking there seems to have been between Ralegh and Ben Jonson ! "The lands of Sherborne were bequeathed by Osmund, a Norman knight, to the see of Canterbury, with a heavy denunciation against any rash or profane person who should attempt to wrest them from the church. This anathema was, in the opinion of the vulgar, first accomplished in the person of the protector Somerset, to whom, after sundry vicissitudes, the property devolved. This nobleman was hunting in the woods of Sherborne, when his "The poet is said to have admired the talents presence was required by Edward the Sixth; of his eminent contemporary, but to have dis- and he was shortly afterwards committed to trusted his sincerity. He is even asserted to the Tower, and subsequently beheaded. The have remarked, that Sir Walter Raleghes- forfeited estate then reverted to the see of teemed more fame than conscience. Perhaps Salisbury, until the reign of Queen Elizabeth, there are few men, who, like Ben Jonson, see to whom it was made over by Coldwell, bishop closely into the darkest passions and into the of Salisbury, at the instigation of Ralegh, who most hidden motives of human nature, and who was blamed, and apparently with justice, for yet are able to divest their minds of suspicion, having displayed on this occasion a grasping and and their hearts of that contamination which even dishonourable spirit. So strong were the proceeds from a long contemplation of vice, religious prejudices of the day, that even the sufficiently, to render a just tribute of approba- discerning Sir John Harrington attributed to a tion to the virtues of others. It is probable, judgment from heaven a trifling accident which also, that party feelings may have influenced occurred to Ralegh whilst surveying the de paying to Car the sum of twenty-five thousand pounds for the surrender of the estate, and even allowed the Lady Ralegh eight thousand pounds for the property. But the death of the young prince in 1611 frustrated his generous intentions, and left Sherborne still in the hands of the favourite. The premature decease of this promising youth was thought by the vulgar again to corroborate the old prophecy, and was one of those singular coincidences which, in human affairs, confirm the day-dreams of superstitious reasoners. But, in the times of the Tudors and the Stuarts, estates were so often gained and lost, on the one hand by the misfortunes of the real owners, and on the other by the iniquities of those who reaped them, that few exchanges of property from one family to another took place without being occasioned by some tragical occurrence. To Carew, the youngest son, and the injured survivor of Sir Walter Ralegh, the subsequent attainder of Car, and the forfeiture of his estates, upon his committal to the Tower for the murder of Overbury, appeared to confirm the ill-fortune attendant upon the owners of Sherborne; and the misfortunes which afterwards befel the house of Stuart were also considered by him to corroborate the old presage. The spell has, however, since been broken; for, on the con fiscation of Car's estates, Digby, Earl of Bristol, A Greek Prince." His elevated condition and sat himself down by a recently made obtained Sherborne from the king, on account allowed him the privilege, and he had changed grave's headstone-an elaborate work, with of his services in the embassy to Spain. This his heavy, huge, graceless samoor-calpack for lofty caouk and folding turban, that denoted nobleman added two wings to the house; and the Turkish fess and eastern turban, suscep- the precise rank and condition of him who now in his family it now remains." tible of such infinite elegance and grace; and lay beneath in death's equality, with intricate Few men present such varieties of aspect as if the pure white were prohibited to all but arabesques, boldly relieved, and done in gold, Sir Walter Ralegh,-the young and aspiring Osmanlis, the cherished green to all but the and in the deep blue of the lapis lazuli, and gallant, the adroit and time-serving courtier, emirs, or cousins of the prophet, he could ven- with a long inscription running diagonally, and the brave and scientific officer, the calculating ture on other bright hues. His turban was of covering the whole slab, from the arabesques to man of the world, the enthusiastic adventurer, a bright gray, but lines of gold transversed it the point where the springing green grass from the graceful poet, the thoughtful philosopher, rather closely, and a fringe or tassel of gold the prolific sod waved round its foot. As and, at last, the sacrificed victim of tyranny to fell from one of its extremities, and floated, as common in the sepulchres of the rich, there the scaffold: none of these points are neglected he walked, upon his shoulder; the exquisite was another sculptured stone at the grave's by his present biographer. To a degree of tact linen's folds were broad, and roundly relieved; foot, but rather lower than that at the head peculiarly feminine is added a depth of thought the whole had the Stambooli non-chalant and its only ornaments were a treea stately we are somewhat apt to consider as only be-proud obliquity which is attained but by the palm, gently relieved and coloured with green longing to the other sex. The utmost industry finished eastern petit-maître, which occupies and with gold, and a wavy line, like the blade of research has been obviously bestowed in the most anxious minutes of the toilette, and is of an angel's sword, or the bolts in the hands collecting authentic materials, with much judg- the utter despair of the uninitiated, or of those of the Thunderer, which ran round the edge of ment shewn in their selection, and the last who have not been admitted into the very pene- the purely white marble. Two lateral slabs, finish is put to these pages by their especially tralia of the fashion and bon-ton of the capital. whose breadth attained about one-third of the elegant language, with very few verbal excep- From the aspiring side of his turban, to balance elevation of the head-stone, and about half tions, which appear to have escaped in revision. the tassel on the depressed side, there floated a that of the foot-stone, united both together; We cordially congratulate the author; and if bright carnation, entwined with the small white there was no covering slab, as the Turks in the work be a credit to herself, it is also a flowerets of the jasmin; and the rich blue silk their material superstition, and by a rescript credit to the age in which such a work could knot of his fess, or scarlet skull-cap (the nucleus of the prophet, never lay weight over the shalbe produced by a woman. of the turban), just shewed itself in the midst low soil that covers the dead, lest it should of the rich folds, and formed a crown, or termi- check his rise at the judgment-day; but nation, to the whole. His beneesh, light in colour within the enclosure of the pale marbles, and material, as befitted the season, was of the flowers that seemed to have been sedulously hue of the downy peach, of the manufacture of cultivated, saluted the eye with melancholy the finest looms of France: the cut was perfect bloom, and the nostril with an odour overWE doubt much the advantage of this unionit fell in free graceful folds, but not lower than poweringly languid. It ought to be pleasant of traveller and novelist--the matériel of the the calf of the leg-and the wide open sleeves thus to rest,' reasoned the moody lover; and one interferes with the creation of the other; flowed into drapery almost as classic as the thus, in the gloom of eastern cypresses, with descriptions, manners, costume, &c., leave not toga from the raised arm of some ancient statue the gleam of spotless marbles, and the blush of sufficient room for character, incident, and as he walked along with that elegant deport-roses--in silence like this, and with a genial feeling; the sea encroaches upon the land, the ment-which he shared, however, with even heat, a balmy air like these upon ye-grave! land upon the sea; and the author's memory the poorest of his countrymen, He did not horrid as thou art elsewhere, here thou seemest and his imagination are too opposite for har-wear the jubbee, or flowing silk gown, which, replete with beauty, and wouldst make one almony, With his lively style, his keen obser-as generally worn by the Turkish effendis, most in love with thee! 'Tis strange that a vation, and his picturesque taste, Mr. Mac gives an unnatural, effeminate appearance to scene, sweet, poetical, ethereal, like this, should Farlane is the perfection of a traveller-as a the whole man, and assorts most ridiculously, be the work of a gross, sensual, and barbarous novelist he is not so successful; the two are in the stranger's eye, with thick beard and people the disciples of a false code! I would perhaps at variance too much; for the merit fierce moustache; his camisole,was beautifully not live the life of a Turk-I have done so, of the one is to collect, that of the other to worked in silk and gold thread; it was cut in perhaps, too much already-but, no! I would create. The story of these pages is very the picturesque fashion of the Albanians, dis- not envy the life of one wealthier, grander, slight a love-tale, composed of all the strata- closing the neck nearly to the shoulder; whilst than he this proud tomb covers; but when alĺ gems, anxieties, disappointments, pleasures, below the breast some fanciful apertures and is over, I could look with complacency to a and pains, usual in such cases; while the re-loop-holes permitted a jewelled and enamelled resting-place like this, and prefer the Moslem's mainder is filled up, and most admirably, with watch to shew itself, and gave egress to a grave to all others. Even now, so beauteous details of curious customs, shewing a very intimate knowledge of the people whose habits the author describes characteristic anecdotes and scenes depicted with the eye of an artist and the feeling of a poet. The pages are full of delightful quotations: a few we must transfer to our own columns. The Armenians; a Tale of Constantinople. A Greek lover's soliloquy : costly Venetian gold chain loaded with rings and so holy is this spot, I could almost lay and seals. The shawl that girded his waist down my head on that pillow of green sward was an exquisite cachemere, and so well ar- which crowns a humbler grave, and unreranged, that both its blue ground-work and piningly resign this troublous spirit. I could elaborate broad fringe, of many, and bright, almost wish to die, to be buried in a place like and felicitously combined hues, were well and this!' Presently, his thoughts flowed in anosufficiently displayed-another great art, be it ther course; and those who have reflected said in passing, of the oriental toilette. The on the sudden turns of their own mind, and "True, 'tis too true, she is a pretty girl princes of Wallachia and Moldavia might even how, from the pure, and the calm, and the but she is an Armenian, after all, Yes! she carry arms; and in Constantine's girdle there soothing, we frequently rush at once to the belongs to the race of asinine ears, thick skins, glittered a short, but massy-handed poniard, dark, the irritating, the harrowing, will not and ponderous hands and feet! She does not, set with brilliants, rubies, and emeralds ;-an be surprised if his abstractions were of a however, betray her breed; her skin is cer- instrument of death, throughout the East, being character totally different from those which tainly as fine as that pure specimen of Greek rendered the most costly toy, and considered had immediately preceded them. In glancing blood I have been worshipping these three as essential to the equipment of a gentleman. at the back of the head-stone, he saw some months; her hand lay in mine, small and His shaksheers, or ample Turkish trousers, but half-effaced traces of the graceful, the neversoft, like an unfledged bird within its nest; were of an amaranthine colour, and of mate- to-be-mistaken, ancient Greek chisel. her feet a curse upon mestlers!-have not rials still finer than the flowing cloak; they looked closer-he traced the outline of some been seen; however, we shall see them, and were contracted by a silken string above the exquisite female figures, that seemed to have her ears too, if she have no more affection for ancle, and revealed that glory of glories, for a formed a procession he traced the emblematic the yashmack than she has shewn this evening. Christian -a rayah subject that boon for extinguished torch, and the touching type of I wonder whether they are as long as the ears which, alone, death had so often been dared our immortality, a butterfly rising from its dull of my neighbour, the somewhat fair and fat by the intriguing ambitious Greeks; that sum-chrysalis coil; and he knew that same fair Papul, that look like mushrooms undressed: mum bonum (in the words of Anastasius), a marble had once adorned another tomb than but be they as long as those of the holy mule pair of yellow slippers!" that of the Turkish effendi. But what was that carries to Mecca the annual offerings of A Turkish Cemetery." He retired with there? On one corner of the stone, defaced the padishah, Veronica of the Tinghir-Öglus that sentiment which in all solemn matters more carefully than the Pagan symbols, was the is a beautiful girl and I am determined to see seems to induce us to seek utter solitude: he Christian cross and the mystic fish; and in her again!" fled to the thickest part of the religious wood, examining these more closely, he observed that He |