6 6 had now become a lifeless statue up to the published in Brazil; viz. fifteen at Rio, three books he borrowed, his name will be made middle; but he resolved to persevere while at Bahia, and the rest at Pernambuco, St. public; another, that a particular person wants life remained. Now,' said he, my hope of Paul's, St. João d'el Rey, and Villa Rica. to speak to him, and warning him at his peril life is indeed small; may God preserve his Those at Rio were, Imperio do Brazil,' not to disappoint; a third, that his stagnant creatures from a similar fate. My death is Diario do Rio Janeiro,' and Journal do water is very offensive, and if he does not near; but happen what may, I will discharge Commercio,' daily; Analista,' Aurora Flu- throw it out, a neighbour will come and spill it the third arrow. Whatever the great Creator minene,' Astréa,' Courier du Brézil' in his parlour. Some curious notices also aphath decreed, must come to pass.' Hatim (French), three times a-week; Rio Herald' pear from ladies: The senhor who was in now placed his whole reliance upon God. He (English), once a week; ' Malagueta, Diario the house of Luiza da Conceição, in the street looked in the direction of the parrot, took his dos Deputados,' D. do Senado, Despertador of Livradio, No. 1, and who requested from aim, then shut his eyes, and let fly the third Constitutionale,' Censor Brazilico,' occasion- the senhora some paper to write on; and havarrow. In the hour of despair the hand of ally; Espelho Diamantino,' monthly; Pro-ing finished his letter, took from her drawer Heaven saved him. The arrow pierced the pagador,' or Annals of Medicine, Zoology, and four milreis in gold, a bank note for eight brain of the parrot, which fell lifeless from the Botany, yearly. milreis, and a pair of silk stockings, is recage. Instantly, a fearful storm of whirlwinds, "Malagueta is the native name for a small quested to restore the articles, if he does not thunder, and lightning, burst with tremend- species of capsicum, the most biting and pun- wish to see his name in public. The same ous noise around him, while heaven and earth gent of all peppers, as this is of all periodicals: favour is requested from the gentleman who seemed involved in impenetrable darkness. it is distinguished for its bitter personalities. carried away her fan, otherwise his name Hatim was terrified, and knew not whether he When it first appeared, it attracted a great deal shall also appear.' Distributed frequently with was still in this world, or had entered the of notice, as well for the talent it displayed as the papers is a loose sheet called Corresponawful state of futurity. When the noise and for the persons it attacked. The family of dencia;' it consists of a letter to the editor, disorder had ceased, he opened his eyes, and Andrada, when in the zenith of their favour attacking some individuals with whom the looked in every direction. He no longer be- and power, were the objects of its particular writer has had a dispute; and it generally held the garden, nor the palace, nor the parrot. virulence; and just at that time an attempt contains the most extraordinary libels that ever At his feet lay the bow and arrows, and beside was made to assassinate the editor. He was were published. The editor of the paper, them a diamond of extreme brilliancy, like the wounded, and narrowly escaped with his life; who prints and circulates the libel, incurs no sun." and he accused not only them, but the em-responsibility, provided he does not refuse to Since we penned the introductory remarks to peror, as the assassins. In proof of this, he print and circulate a libellous answer. I this review, we have had the pleasure of hearing shewed a handkerchief that one of them had send you one or two specimens, which came still more gratifying accounts of the rapid pro- dropped, the owner of which was recognised to me folded up in my newspapers. Retribugress made by this most useful Institution (the by its mark. The accused, of course, denied tion. — God being pleased to call from this Oriental Translation Fund), under the active the fact in the most vehement manner, and world to a better the merchant João Pereira exertions of its distinguished president, Sir even visited him in person when he was con- Borba, and he being a man of correct life, Gore Ouseley, and his able colleagues. fined with his wounds. Nothing, however, wished to prove before his death, by an auVarious letters from eminent foreign Orien- could remove his suspicions, which, I am told, thentic testimony, that he was an honest man, talists, containing offers of translating works of he perseveres in to this day. He is generally whose ashes should be respected; and to that great interest, from the Arabic, Persian, Chi- supposed to be a little deranged. Between the end he inserted the following clause in his nese, and Syriac languages, have been received Imperio do Brazil, which is the organ of the will: I declare that I always have been a by the committee; and we have little doubt but government, and published at the imperial neighbour of the merchant José Loureno Dios, that, ere long, great additions to the publi-printing-office, and the Malagueta, there is a a native of S. João d'El Rey, with whom I cations of this well-conducted Society will constant war; and as it is part of the freedom lived in close friendship; and for that reason of the press here to attack the editor by name, I strictly enjoin my heir not to demand from We are informed that Sir Gore Ouseley has and not his paper, editors are every day him a large debt which he contracted at my received letters from his friend and colleague, brought forward in their proper persons. In store, by his constant and daily visits to the Colonel Fitz-Clarence, at Rome; who, not-a Number of the Imperio I saw the following bung of a cask of Catalonian wine; for it withstanding his sufferings, from ill health, passage:- In No. 86 of the Malagueta, which would be a burden to my conscience if what occasioned by the climate, has been indefati- has fallen into our hands, we observe the he owes me was demanded, since it was gable in his exertions towards forwarding the gratification with which Senhor May applies the vicinity of my store to the said merchant's views and interests of the Oriental Translation to us the epithet tapel; but not being able to house that was the real and proximate cause Committee. He presented a copy of one of its find the word in any Portuguese dictionary, of his disgracing himself every day by constant publications (the learned Professor Lee's trans- and being ignorant of the jargon which he intoxication, by which he has directly and inlation of Ibn Batuta's Travels) to his Holi- speaks, we beg of him to explain his meaning, directly offended all his countrymen. It would, ness the Pope, in person: it was most graciously that we may answer him; although experience therefore, be manifest injustice to receive moreceived. The library of the Vatican, which has convinced us that the senhor is one of ney for that which renders the merchant this is rich in Oriental works, was thrown open to those persons who never blush when convicted day so contemptible in the eyes of all fellowhis researches; and the learned Professor Maï of a lie.' The Courier du Brézil is written in citizens.' ONE OF THE OFFENDED.' gave his most cordial assistance. Some curious French, and published on Wednesdays and "Senhor Editor of the Astrea, I sign this Coptic and Syriac works are already in train Saturdays. It gives the fairest and almost the with a cross, because I can neither read nor for translation, and will be published without only statement of things passing in the in- write. I was living peaceably in the district delay by the committee. terior, and the news of other countries much of the city of Rezende, where one Simaō de more copiously than all the rest; but it is a Roza wished to get possession of my farm; ministerial paper, and for that reason bitterly and when I would not surrender it, he prodenounced. The Malagueta charges it with ceeded to denounce me with false accusations, being an emissary of the French government, by persons he had under his thumb. There sent to invade the country beforehand. The is a Padre Marriano Jozé de Roza, a brother Farol Paulista, a provincial paper, thinks it a of the same Simaō, who resembles him in every crime not to be forgiven, that its editor is a respect. Yes; it was this padre, or rather Frenchman; and the Aurora denounces it to this monster, that in his own name denounced the police. These opinions are evidences of Dr. Walsh's Notices of Brazil in 1828-9. the exceeding jealousy of the people, and their (Second Paper.) suspicions of all strangers, as enemies to their PROCEEDING with our review of this work, it independence and liberty. The Journal do would be inexcusable to omit the annexed in a Commercio, like the Diario, is printed on journal like ours. After a hasty glance at the wretched paper, and the typography so bad few performances in the fine arts, and the few that it is hardly legible, though it is in more books published in Brazil, the author says: demand than any other. It is almost entirely the gospel, he goes about with arms in his In periodicals, gazettes, and newspapers, filled with editals and advertisements, every hands, he continues- but I will not detail they are still more advanced. In the year 1828, publication containing from 80 to 100. Under the lewdness of this monster, how many unthere were 133 periodical papers printed in the the head of Noticias Particulares,' one person married women he lived with, nor his amour whole Peninsula, of which twenty-five were is informed, that if he does not bring back the with the wife of Francisco de Sylva, his com appear. The Colonel has also succeeded in establishing a branch corresponding committee in the immortal city. The Propaganda Fide Institution has acceded to Colonel Fitz-Clarence's wish of printing, with its aid, for the Oriental Translation Committee, the texts of various works, of which it possesses the best types. me, saying, that I had uttered calumnies against his imperial majesty; on which I was taken up, and sent to this city under a guard.' After detailing a number of false accusations uttered by this padre against individuals, and enumerating several whom he attacked in order to assassinate, as, though a minister of rade, &c.; or how he sued at law the same patient Francisco, under the pretext of his having burned eleven feet of a coffee plantation. The monster also invited to his house one Anna Ferreira, and gave her a portion of land near himself, where she had the misfortune to bring her daughter, a child of eleven or twelve years old,' &c. After detailing a number of similar things, and in the coarsest language, and pointing out, in words not fit to be translated, how he ought to be used, as he himself had used an unfortunate mulatto, whom he suspected of stealing his hens, he concludes -But I cannot tell you in one letter all the atrocities perpetrated by a priest who says he is a minister of God; but who, saving your presence, sir, is really a minister of the devil. 'JOAQUIM + Joze.' draughts, and often engage at them on their they exclusively mend silk stockings, and are counters. I have sometimes gone in at those remarkable for the neatness with which they times to purchase an article, and the people sole and vamp them. I never passed a barber's were so interested in their game, that they shop that I did not see him, when not other. would not leave it to attend to me and sell wise engaged, with a black silk stocking drawn their goods. They are, however, honest and on one arm, and his other employed in mendcorrect in their dealings, and bear good moral ing it. They are, besides, the musicians of characters. Their charity is boundless, as ap- the country, and are hired also to play at pears by the sums expended on different objects church doors during festivals. All the persons by the irmandades or brotherhoods which they who compose the bands on these occasions are form. They are, as far as I have heard, gene- barbers. Over the middle of every shop is an rally speaking, good fathers and husbands, and arch, on which are suspended the different their families are brought up with strictness articles for sale. In a barber's shop, the arch and propriety. It is pleasing to see them walk- is always hung round with musical instruing out together, the corpulent parents going ments. This association of trades was forbefore, and the children and domestics follow-merly the usage in England, when the lute ing in their orders. The women are fond of and cithern were always found in a barber's black, wear no caps, but a black veil is gene-shop, to amuse the customers of better con"These libels constitute a considerable por-rally thrown over their bare heads, which dition, who came to be trimmed, as they are tion of the literary entertainment of Rio. In hangs down below their bosom and back; and now presented with a newspaper; or somepassing through the streets in the morning, as it is generally worked and spotted, it makes times to alleviate the pains of a wound, which after the issue of the newspapers, I constantly their faces look, at a little distance, as if they the barber, in his avocation of surgeon, was saw groups of neighbours assembled in some were covered with black patches. They always probing or dressing. But the remains of those shop, and one of them sitting on the counter, wear silk stockings and shoes, and are particu- customs which have entirely gone out in Eureading a sheet of this Correspondencia to the larly neat and careful in the decorations of rope, still linger in America among the derest. It often happens that the man attacked their feet and legs, which are generally small scendants of those who originally brought them is one of the party, who never thinks of any and well-shaped. The boys of this rank are over. It is highly creditable to the citizens of other redress than a reply of similar scurrility. remarkably obliging; when I saw any thing Rio, that no native beggars are ever seen in This correspondence displays sometimes extra-among them that seemed curious, and I ex- their streets. The only persons of that class I ordinary traits of national feeling on some pressed a wish to look at it, they always pressed ever was accosted by, were foreign sailors, points, and the estimation in which different it on my acceptance with great good nature, particularly English and North Americans, objects are held. By the constitutional code, and seemed pleased at an opportunity of grati- who often attacked me, complaining rudely a freed man cannot be an elector; and to fying me. The Brazilians, in any difficulty or that they were out of employment; they had remove the imputation, and to entitle them to danger, make vows to perform certain acts, in all the appearance of being worthless, intemthe elective franchise, which the Brazilians token of their gratitude to Providence if they perate fellows, whose poverty was their own prize very high, they sometimes produce very are extricated. These vows they religiously fault. All the natives in distress are fed and extraordinary certificates. A Colonel Joaquim keep, and they are sometimes productive of clothed by the different irmandades of citizens, Francisco das Chagas Cateté was a candidate great unhappiness. The patrona, or master of or by the convents; and it is a pleasing sight in his parish for that honour; and a Manoela boat, in which I used to cross the bay, was a to see the steps of religious edifices filled, at de Sousa Silva, a chandler, objected to him that remarkably good-looking man. He was once stated times, with poor people disabled by age he was a freed man. A long scurrilous cor-overtaken by a storm in the same place, and or infirmity, and the good Samaritans walking respondence ensued, which amused the counters made a solemn vow, that if he reached the among them, distributing food and raiment as of Rio for several mornings; and at length it shore, he would marry the first disengaged they require them. It is also much to be comended in the colonel producing a certificate of woman he met. He faithfully kept his word; mended, that no women of bad character are his baptism. I certify that in the year 1780 connected himself with a person he knew ever seen in the streets, either by day or night, I baptised and placed the holy oil on the child nothing about, who proved to be a vile cha- so as to be known as such. The decency and Joaquim, the illegitimate son of Francisca das racter, and his domestic comforts are for ever decorum of this large town, in this respect, is Chagas, a free mulatto woman, unmarried, embittered. They are not indisposed to hospi-particularly striking to those who have been herself illegitimate, and baptised in the parish tality, and they constantly accept invitations accustomed to the awful display of licentiousof S. João, of an unknown father, and then a from strangers, but seldom ask them in return. ness which besets them in the streets and servant in the house of the Rev. Joaquim Gon- This arises from the exceeding deficiency of public places of Paris and London.” çalves de Figueiredo, living in the Bairro da their domestic economy. A Brazilian never Caturra, of this parish,' &c. keeps a store of any thing in his house; but 'ALBERTO CAETANO ALVES.' even those of the highest rank send to a neighThe colonel concludes this triumphant re-bouring venda for whatever they want, in the (Second Notice: Conclusion.) futation of his enemies by this declaration :- smallest quantities, and only when they want PURSUANT to our promise, we dismiss Capt. "I am the chief of my family; I hold the high it. They never purchase more at a time than Kincaid's book with his characteristic traits of rank of colonel in the first regiment of the a pint of wine, or a few ounces of sugar or the battle of Vittoria. line; and I am bound by the ties of blood, by coffee; and this, they say, is, because if they "Our division got under arms this morning the function of my high employment, and by laid in a store, it would be impossible to pre-before daylight, passed the base of the mounthe honour of an officer, thus to refute the ca- vent their slaves from getting at, and con-tain by its left, through the camp of the fourth lumnies uttered against me.' And this he does suming it. When the slave goes for the article, division, who were still asleep in their tents, by proving that he was the natural son of a he takes up any thing he can lay his hand on to the banks of the river Zadora, at the village mulatto servant maid; herself the natural to carry it in. I have often seen one of them of Tres Puentes. The opposite side of the daughter of an unknown father! In Brazil, returning from a venda with a china tureen river was occupied by the enemy's advanced where so many in high station are themselves full of charcoal under his arm, and a silver posts, and we saw their army on the hills bethe founders of their own families, respectable cup on his head, holding a few loose candles. yond, while the spires of Vittoria were visible descent is but little regarded, except by the Some trades are associated in a manner seem- in the distance. We felt as if there was likely few who have a claim to it. But I doubt if ingly as incongruous. On many shops you there could be found amongst the humblest see written vidros e xa, glass and tea: inticlass in England a man who would establish mating that the shopkeeper is both a glazier his right to a vote by such an exposure." and a grocer. Some, however, are latterly This is a curious picture of a liberty of the approximating to a more natural association, press! The following is more general. and have added china to their glass, and so sell "The shopkeepers of Rio are rather repul-both tea and tea-cups. The avocations of barsive in their address; and so little disposed to bers are also very various. They vend and take trouble, that a customer is often induced prepare tortoiseshell to make combs. They to leave the shop, by the careless way in which bleed and draw teeth as usual; and so far are he is treated. They are exceedingly fond of only employed in business connected with their sedentary games of chance, such as cards and calling, as barber-surgeons. But besides that, Adventures in the Rifle Brigade, &c. to be a battle; but as that was an event we were never sure of until we found ourselves actually in it, we lay for some time just out of musket-shot, uncertain what was likely to turn up, and waiting for orders. At length a sharp fire of musketry was heard to our right; and, on looking in that direction, we saw the head of Sir Rowland Hill's corps, together with some Spanish troops, attempting to force the mountain which marked the enemy's left. The three battalions of our regiment were, at the same moment, ordered forward to feel the enemy, who lined the opposite banks of the river, with | by one of their lines, which occupied a wall at to have been flogged, every man, from the whom we were quickly engaged in a warm the entrance of a village immediately under us. general downwards. The ground was particnskirmish. The affair with Sir Rowland Hill During the few minutes that we stopped there, larly favourable to the retreating foe, as every became gradually warmer, but ours had appa- while a brigade of the third division was de- half mile afforded a fresh and formidable posirently no other object than to amuse those who ploying into line, two of our companies lost tion; so that, from the commencement of the were opposite to us, for the moment; so that, two officers and thirty men, chiefly from the action to the city of Vittoria-a distance of six for about two hours longer, it seemed as if there fire of artillery bearing on the spot from the or eight miles we were involved in one conti would be nothing but an affair of outposts. French position. One of their shells burst nued hard skirmish. On passing Vittoria, About twelve o'clock, however, we were moved immediately under my nose; part of it struck however, the scene became quite new, and infirapidly to our left, followed by the rest of the my boot and stirrup-iron, and the rest of it nitely more amusing, as the French had made division, till we came to an abrupt turn of the kicked up such a dust about me that my no provision for a retreat; and Sir Thomas river, where we found a bridge, unoccupied by charger refused to obey orders; and while I Graham having seized upon the great road the enemy, which we immediately crossed, and was spurring and he capering, I heard a voice to France, the only one left open was that leadtook possession of what appeared to me to be behind me, which I knew to be Lord Welling- ing by Pampeluna; and it was not open long; an old field-work, on the other side. We had ton's, calling out, in a tone of reproof, Look for their fugitive army, and their myriads not been many seconds there before we ob- to keeping your men together, sir;' and of followers, with baggage, guns, carriages, served the bayonets of the third and seventh though, God knows, I had not the remotest &c., being all precipitated upon it at the same divisions glittering above the standing corn; idea that he was within a mile of me at the moment, it got choked up about a mile beyond and advancing upon another bridge, which time, yet so sensible was I that circumstances the town, in the most glorious state of confu stood about a quarter of a mile further to our warranted his supposing that I was a young sion; and the drivers, finding that one pair of left, and where, on their arrival, they were officer, cutting a caper, by way of bravado, be- legs was worth two pair of wheels, abandoned warmly opposed by the enemy's light troops, fore him, that worlds would not have tempted it all to the victors. Many of their followers who lined the bank of the river (which we our-me to look round at the moment. The French who had light carriages endeavoured to make selves were now on) in great force, for the fled from the wall as soon as they received a their escape through the fields; but it only defence of the bridge. As soon as this was ob-volley from a part of the third division, and we served to prolong their misery. I shall never served by our division, Colonel Barnard ad- instantly dashed down the hill, and charged forget the first that we overtook: it was in the vanced with our battalion, and took them in them through the village, capturing three of midst of a stubble-field for some time, between flank with such a furious fire as quickly dis- their guns-the first, I believe, that were taken us and the French skirmishers--the driver dolodged them, and thereby opened a passage for that day. They received a reinforcement, and ing all he could to urge the horses along ; these two divisions, free of expense, which drove us back before our supports could come but our balls began to whistle so plentifully must otherwise have cost them dearly. What to our assistance; but in the scramble of the about his ears, that he at last dismounted in with the rapidity of our movement, the colour moment our men were knowing enough to cut despair, and, getting on his knees under the of our dress, and our close contact with the the traces and carry off the horses; so that carriage, began praying. His place on the box enemy, before they would abandon their posts, when we retook the village, immediately after, was quickly occupied by as many of our fellows we had the misfortune to be identified with the guns still remained in our possession. The as could stick on it, while others were scrambthem for some time, by a battery of our own battle now became general along the whole ling in at the doors on each side, and not a few guns, who, not observing the movement, conti-line, and the cannonade was tremendous. At on the roof, handling the baskets there so nued to serve it out indiscriminately, and all one period we held on one side of a wall, near roughly as to occasion loud complaints from the the while admiring their practice upon us; nor the village, while the French were on the fowls within. I rode up to the carriage, to see was it until the red-coats of the third division other; so that any person who chose to put that the people inside were not improperly joined us that they discovered their mistake. his head over from either side was sure of get-treated; but the only one there was an old The battle now commenced in earnest; and ting a sword or a bayonet up his nostrils. This gouty gentleman, who, from the nature of his this was, perhaps, the most interesting moment situation was, of course, too good to be of long cargo, must either have robbed his own house of the whole day. Sir Thomas Graham's artil- endurance. The victory, I believe, was never or that of a very good fellow, for the carriage lery, with the first and fifth divisions, began to for a moment doubtful. The enemy were so was literally laden with wines and provisions. be heard far to our left, beyond Vittoria. The completely out-generalled, and the superiority Never did victors make a more legal or useful bridge, which we had just cleared, stood so of our troops was such, that to carry their posi- capture; for it was now six in the evening; near to a part of the enemy's position, that the tions required little more than the time neces- and it had evidently been the old gentleman's seventh division was instantly engaged in close sary to march to them. After forcing their fault if he had not already dined, whereas it action with them at that point. On the moun- centre, the fourth division and our own got on was our misfortune rather than our fault, that tain to our extreme right, the action continued the flank, and rather in rear of the enemy's we had not tasted any thing since three o'clock to be general and obstinate, though we observed left wing, who were retreating before Sir Row-in the morning; so that when one of our men that the enemy were giving ground slowly to land Hill, and who, to effect their escape, were knocked the neck off a bottle, and handed it to Sir Rowland Hill. The passage of the river now obliged to fly in one confused mass. Had me to take a drink, I nodded to the old fellow's by our division had turned the enemy's out- a single regiment of our dragoons been at health, and drank it off without the smallest post at the bridge, on our right, where we had hand, or even a squadron, to have forced them scruple of conscience. It was excellent claret ; been engaged in the morning, and they were into shape for a few minutes, we must have and if he still lives to tell the story, I fear now retreating, followed by the fourth division. taken from ten to twenty thousand prisoners. he will not give us the credit of having beThe plain between them and Sir Rowland Hill After marching alongside of them for nearly longed to such a civil department as his apwas occupied by the British cavalry, who were two miles, and as a disorderly body will always peared. We did not cease the pursuit until now seen filing out of a wood, squadron after move faster than an orderly one, we had the dark, and then halted in a field of wheat, about squadron, galloping into form as they gradually mortification to see them gradually heading us, two miles beyond Vittoria. The victory was cleared it. The hills behind were covered with until they finally made their escape. I have complete. They carried off only one howitzer spectators, and the third and the light divisions, no doubt but that our mounted gentlemen were out of their numerous artillery, which, with covered by our battalion, advanced rapidly doing their duty as they ought in another part baggage, stores, provisions, money, and every upon a formidable hill in front of the enemy's of the field; yet it was impossible to deny our- thing that constitutes the matériel of an army, centre, which they had neglected to occupy in selves the satisfaction of cursing them all, fell into our hands. It is much to be lamented, sufficient force. In the course of our progress because a portion had not been there at such a on those occasions, that the people who contriour men kept picking off the French videttes, who critical moment. Our elevated situation, at bute most to the victory should profit the least were imprudent enough to hover too near us; this time, afforded a good view of the field of by it;-not that I am an advocate for plunder: and many a horse, bounding along the plain, battle to our left, and I could not help being on the contrary, I would much rather that all dragging his late rider by the stirrup-irons, struck with an unusual appearance of unsteadi- our fighting was for pure love; but as every contributed in making it a scene of extraordi-ness and want of confidence among the French thing of value falls into the hands of the folnary and exhilarating interest. Old Picton troops. I saw a dense mass of many thousands, lowers, and scoundrels who skulk from the rode at the head of the third division, dressed occupying a good defensible post, who gave ranks for the double purpose of plundering and in a blue coat and a round hat, and swore as way, in the greatest confusion, before a single saving their dastardly carcasses, what I regret roundly all the way as if he had been wearing line of the third division, almost without feel- is, that the man who deserts his post should two cocked ones. Our battalion soon cleared ing them. If there was nothing in any other thereby have an opportunity of enriching himthe hill in question of the enemy's light troops; part of the position to justify the movement self with impunity, while the true man gets but we were pulled up on the opposite side of it and I do not think there was they ought nothing. But the evil, I believe, is irreme diable. Sir James Kempt, who commanded well calculated to facilitate the study of a lan- 66 The Tradesman's Law Library; consisting of Anecdotical Reminiscences of distinguished Literary and Political Characters. By Leigh Cliffe, Author of "Margaret Coryton," "Parga," &c. 12mo. pp. 288. London, R. and S. A. Bielfield; Simpkin and Marshall. Paris, Galignani. AND anecdotes of characters not distinguished either in literature or politics; but the mélange altogether is very amusing. Some of the stories are good, and some, of course, indifferent: we will return to the examination. ARTS AND SCIENCES. ROYAL INSTITUTION. THIS is a work of considerable research and ON the methods proposed for measuring the "A singular accident threw me in the way labour, but, like most endeavours to turn trades-intensity of artificial and natural light, by of a dying French officer, who gave me a group Mr. Ritchie, F.R.S., lecturer on Natural Phimen into lawyers, will go but a short way of family portraits to transmit to his friends; towards effecting its purpose. A little know losophy to the Institution. Mr. Ritchie began his discourse by an illus but, as it was not until the following year that ledge, on such subjects, is a dangerous thing; trated historical account of his subject, and I had an opportunity of making the necessary and when lawyers themselves often disagree as inquiries after them, they had then left their to what is, or what is not, orthodox, it would referred, with great praise, to Bougier's exertions in this department of science. Bougier residence, and were no where to be heard of. be worse than useless for a shopkeeper, by a As not only the body, but the mind, had been perusal of this work, to set himself up as the was aware of the means afforded him of estiin constant occupation since three o'clock in arbiter of his legal rights and remedies. Doubt- mating the strength of two lights by the inthe morning, circumstances no sooner permit- less, if the laws of this country could be so sim- tensity of the shadows cast by each; but printed (about ten at night), than I threw myself plified as to enable each man to form a just cipally depended upon the degree of illumination on the ground, and fell into a profound sleep, judgment of the effects of all his contracts and given to thin, semi-transparent screens by the from which I did not awake until broad day actions, it would be "a consummation devoutly light falling upon them from different sources. light, when I found a French soldier squatted to be wished;" but while we are entangled in After referring to the mode of photometrical near me, intensely watching for the opening of the mazes of our present statute books while investigation; to Leslie's photometer, which he my shutters. He had contrived to conceal him. the reports of decisions swell to hundreds of described as being useless as a measurer; to the self there during the night; and, when he saw volumes, and besides their number teem with law of the intensity of light diminishing as the that I was awake, he immediately jumped on discordant judgments,-it were a vain hope to square of the distance, &c. &c., Mr. Ritchie his legs, and very obsequiously presented me make us of the laity conversant with the devi- proceeded to describe and illustrate the uses with a map of France, telling me that as there ous paths of litigation; and we must still be of his own photometer. This, in the form was now a probability of our visiting his native compelled to leave the mooting of these nice principally used, consisted of a small square country, he could make himself very useful, questions to our forensic advocates. and would be glad if I would accept of his services. I thought it unfair, however, to deprive him of the present opportunity of seeing a little more of the world himself, and, therefore, sent him to join the rest of the prisoners, which would ensure him a trip to England, free of expense. "On the 24th we were again engaged in pressing their rear the greater part of the day; and, ultimately, in giving them the last kick, under the walls of Pampeluna, where we had the glory of capturing their last gun, which literally sent them into France without a single piece of ordnance." A Compendious German Grammar; with a We have not waded through this ponderous tome in a search after doubtful law or bad logic; but we have asked a legal friend to look at the work, and he reports that the author appears to have performed his task with commendable diligence and accuracy, and that it may be most useful to his fraternity, though not of so much service as he seems to anticipate to the community at large. pages. box, open at both ends on the right and left, and within which were placed two plates of black glass, at an angle of 45°, and meeting at the top, so as to throw the light which entered the box at the ends directly upwards. A slit is cut in the top of the box, long enough to extend on each side of the junction of the two reflectors, so as to be half over each. This aperture is covered with thin, uniform paper, and, therefore, if light enter the box at each end, one half of the paper is illuminated from beneath by the light entering at one end, and the other half by that entering at the other end. By moving the box nearer to the weaker light, it is easy to arrange the illumination so that the paper shall be equally apparent on both sides; that is, that it shall receive light of equal intensity from both sources; and then nothing remains to be done but to measure the relative distances of the two lights, square these distances, and the product gives the proportion in value of the two lights. Personal Narrative of an Officer in the Army of Occupation in France, from 1815 to 1818. 2 vols. 12mo. Colburn and Bentley. WE had purposed to pay our respects to these lively though somewhat bizarre volumes this week; but Time!-like fallen pugilists, we could not come to time. We can speak, therefore, of a peep or two which have afforded us consiAnthology." London, Treuttel and Co. derable entertainment. The author is a meWHEN Mr. Bernays' German Poetical Antho-dical officer, and saw many strange things logy appeared, we noticed it with the praise after the battles; which gives greater novelty In this way, numerous experiments were which was its due; and we can speak of his to his made. An Argand lamp was found equal to present production in terms of at least equal about 3 wax candles; an oil-gas lamp (Arcommendation. It contains only about sixty pages; but in these Mr. Bernays has con- The Listener. By Caroline Fry, author of the gand burner) equal to 14; phosphorus burnt trived, by means of small type, and still more "Assistant of Education," &c. 2 vols. 12mo. 80 times as luminous as the Argand lamp; in oxygen was tried, and found to be nearly by great skill and dexterity in the arrangeLondon, 1830. J. Nisbet. that is, affording a light equal to 280 wax ment, to present, besides the etymology, a syn- THE acuteness of observation and strength of candles! and the beautiful light obtained by tax of the German language, a list of prefixes mind displayed in this work are altogether Lieutenant Drummond, the use of which in and affixes, &c. with copious explanations. remarkable. The application of every de- geodesic surveys was exhibited and explained The etymology differs from that of other gram- scription or story is religious; but the de- in the theatre a few years ago, was also tried mars in being comprised in a few tables; by scriptions and stories themselves are so vividly against two wax candles; and, imperfect as which, in particular, the declension of sub-natural and worldly, that we cannot but won- the trial necessarily was, it was found equal stantives, generally considered so difficult, is der to see such fruits gathered from such to about a hundred such candles. rendered perfectly plain and easy. Every rule trees-something like the writer's anecdote of The illustrations were very interesting, and in the syntax is given in as few words as are trying to get gooseberries from a thorn, by the instrument appeared well adapted for its compatible with clearness, and is illustrated by cutting it into the shape of a bush. Mrs. Fry object. short but pithy examples. The plan of the is a lady of uncommon talents; and her work list of prefixes and affixes as here introduced may well be read by the idler for amusement, appears to us to be quite new; and is certainly and by the serious for instruction. COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. -- 3.84 sec. 24 sec. Its ele Longitude of ascending node, 2 signs, 20 deg. 41 min. Secular motion of the node in consequentia, 2 min. 28 sec. Place of perihelion, 4 signs, 27 deg. 7 min. 31.5 sec. Secular motion of the apsides in consequentia, 3 deg. 22 min. 10 sec. Greatest equation of the centre, 9 deg. 13058. Vesta is in Fluvius Aquarii, and Juno near 6 Aquarii. [trick's day, and wild specimens of it could 30d Ceres in opposition in the northern SIR HENRY HALFORD, Bart. the President, hardly be obtained at this season. Besides, it scale-right ascension 14h 23m 30; south dein the chair.Dr. Francis Hawkins read a was probably, nay almost certainly, a plant of clination 4° 17′ 45′′. This asteroid is more paper, communicated by Dr. Wilson, in which uncommon occurrence in Ireland during its ruddy in its appearance than Pallas, and looks were described some cases of a disease of the early history, having been introduced into that like a star of the eighth magnitude. On acheart, consisting in a remarkable thickening country in the middle of the 17th century, and count of the difficulty of distinguishing its disc of the mitral valves, and producing a coagu-made common by cultivation. He then refer- from the extensive atmosphere which surrounds lation in the lungs, and in the heart itself, red to several old authors, to prove that the it, its diameter is not correctly known. The behind the obstruction. In these cases, for shamrock was eaten by the Irish; and to one orbit of this small planet intersects that of some time previous to death, the system must who went over to Ireland in the 16th century, Pallas. It has been suspected by Schröder have been supplied with blood, not in a cur- who says it was eaten, and was a sour plant. that Ceres is attended by two moons. rent, but drop by drop! yet life has been The name also of shamrock is common to ments and other phenomena are as follow:maintained, proving how small an impulse several trefoils, both in the Irish and Gaelic Sidereal revolution, 4 years, 221 days, 9 hrs. 26 min. of the heart is sufficient under ordinary cir- languages. Now the clover could not have Mean synodical revolution, 465 days. cumstances; and hence some light is thrown on been eaten, and it is not sour. Taking, the nature of trances. The author observed, therefore, all the conditions requisite, they are that we are apt to consider the functions of the only found in the wood-sorrel, oxalis acetosella. heart too simply; they should be studied not It is an early spring plant; it was and is only with regard to the peculiar office of the abundant in Ireland; it is a trefoil; it is called heart as a regulator of the circulation, but sham-rog by the old herbalists, and it is sour: with reference to the relation it bears to the while its beauty might well entitle it to the lungs and other parts of the system : he parti- distinction of being the national emblem. The cularly turned his attention to moral causes, substitution of one for the other has been occaand the influence of the passions, as produc- sioned by cultivation, which made the wood-1, tive of diseases of the heart; and remarked, that sorrel less plentiful, and the Dutch clover if it be true, as some assert, that these diseases abundant. are now more common than formerly, this Also was read a paper by Joshua Brookes, 6d 7h 45m-Jupiter in quadrature. The folmust arise from the necessity of repressing the Esq. F.R.S. and L.S., on the remarkable form-lowing are the eclipses of his satellites that will feelings, in a state of refined society, and hence ation of the trachea of the Egyptian Tantalus. be visible: there is more of suppressed emotion. Many This communication was illustrated by spebeautiful passages were quoted from the poets, Homer, Sophocles, and especially Shakespeare, descriptive of the effects produced upon the heart by the influence of the passions. Shake-20d 3h 1m-the Sun enters Taurus according to speare, it was observed, was a perfect physiolo- the fixed zodiac, its true place in the heavens gist; his descriptions were sound in fact as being near that place in the ecliptic which it charming in expression; and had he been a occupied 2000 years since at the vernal equinox. physician, he would have anticipated Harvey. Lunar Phases and Conjunctions. From the effect of moral causes to produce disease, was deduced the wisdom of our ancestors in assigning to the physician the best and highest education which the institutions of our country can afford: he ought not only to be acquainted with physical science, but moral philosophy; nor can medical study be separated from polite literature, without degrading the physician and diminishing his utility. Allusion was made to the grace and talent with which this principle had been illustrated by the President of the College on the first evening assembly this season; and to the delight with which his eloquent address on that occasion was received, in the presence of some of the first persons in the land in point of wisdom and station. The meeting was numerously attended; and among those present we noticed the Bishops of Llandaff and Bristol, Sir John Franklin, the President of the Royal Academy, and many other persons of consideration. LINNEAN SOCIETY. cimens. CELESTIAL PHENOMENA FOR APRIL. D. H. M. 7 19 29 15 18 49 O Full Moon in Virgo Saturn in Cancer... 22 11 27 ...... 29 7 54 D. H. M. 2 3 22 15 3 0 .. 16 8 30 Venus in Aquarius............. 19 11 0 - 0 5d — Leonis will be occulted. Immersion, The journals of the ships belonging to the East India Company, the author observes, during the whole of the last century, contain no accounts of icebergs having been seen in the course of their navigation in the southern The Asteroids.-264, Pallas in opposition be- hemisphere, although several of these ships of Serpens: right ascension 15h 9m; north de- and 42°. tween the right hand of Böotes and the head proceeded into the parallels of latitude 40°, 41°, But, during the last two years, clination 22° 45'. The light of this small pla- it appears that icebergs have occasionally net is very variable; it sometimes appears pale, been met with by several ships in their pasA. B. LAMBERT, Esq. V.P. in the chair.as if enveloped with vapours; at other seasons, sage, very near the Cape of Good Hope, beOn Tuesday the 16th instant, the eve of St. it shines forth distinctly, and exhibits a defined tween the latitudes of 36° and 39°. The parPatrick, Mr. Bicheno read a paper" on the disc: its mean apparent diameter is 0"-5; the ticulars relating to these observations are deplant intended by the Shamrock of Ireland;" eccentricity of its orbit is one-fourth of its mean tailed in the paper. The most remarkable in which he attempted to prove, by botanical, distance from the sun: the angle which its occurred in the voyage of the brig Eliza from historical, and etymological evidence, that the path makes with the ecliptic is greater than Antwerp, bound to Batavia, which on the original plant was not the white clover, which any other planetary body in the system 28th of April, 1828, fell in with five icebergs is now employed as the national emblem. He (34° 34′ 55′′), which exceeds five times that in latitude 37° 31' S., longitude 18° 17′ E. stated, that it would seem a condition at least of the inclination of the path of Mercury. of Greenwich. They had the appearance of suitable, if not necessary, to a national emblem, The elements of the orbit of Pallas, and other that it should be something familiar to the particulars are as follow:people, and familiar, too, at that season when the national feast is celebrated. Thus, the Welsh have given the leek to St. David, being a favourite oleraceous herb, and the only green thing they could find on the 1st of March; the Scotch, on the other hand, whose feast is in the autumn, have adopted the thistle. The white clover is not fully expanded on St. Pa-1, 13005 of a mile. church steeples, of a height from 250 to 300 feet; and the sea broke so violently against these enormous masses, that it was at first suspected they might be fixed on some unknown shoal, until, on sounding, no bottom could be discovered. It is remarkable, that, in general, icebergs seem to be met with in low latitudes nearly Proportional quantity of light and heat, the earth being at the same period of the year, namely, in |