AND Journal of Belles Lettres, Arts, Sciences, &c. This Journal is supplied Weekly, or Monthly, by the principal Booksellers and Newsmen, throughout the Kingdom; but to those who may desire its immediate transmission, by post, we recommend the LITERARY GAZETTE, printed on stamped paper, price One Shilling. No. 685. SATURDAY, MARCH 6, 1830. REVIEW OF NEW BOOKS. PRICE 8d. Aleh is applied to God in the Hebrew is a name not to be discovered, appear to be the page; and that he does not intend Eloah chief objects of his care: and it is not a little we are certified by himself, when of one of the plainest rules in the Hebrew gramamusing to perceive him justifying his violation of the Original Hebrew Names in place of he distorts this sacred name into Alueh: but, mar, and claiming a right to consider Alehi as the English Words "Lord" and "God," &c. as we shall shew, it is simply an imaginary Aleh with the inseparable pronoun, by asserting Westley and Davis. 1830. Or all the books which for some time past it singular, with which he has supplied opposition to the construction to be " je direct the grammatical "in has been our province to criticise, few have less verified their pretensions than this: it is, since, in every instance in which may be led astray by the ignorance of incom - יה which I command thee." Notwithstanding this who says, Thou shalt not add unto the word observation, however, he hesitates not to render the Aleh of Shem, petent pretenders to correct it. In a case of such. We will not affirm, that vast importance as the present, it is our duty never existed in the Hebrew language; but the Aleh of your father, &c., in which fearlessly to expose error; nor are we guilty we confidently affirm, that it is no where he either forgets his pronoun, or metamorphoses of severity, nor yet of injustice, when we found in this sense in the purer Hebrew of it into the article. It is therefore apparent, assert, that there is not one page in this pro- the Bible. That Al also is not exclusively that whilst he is pretending to correct our verduction free from blunders, which prove the predicated of the Son, is evident not only from emendator" to be unacquainted with the the Old Testament itself, but from our Saviour's sion, he has mistaken the form of grammatical principles of the Hebrew tongue. application of passages from it in the New; in regimine for his imaginary singular with the Nor can we award better praise to his taste; for instance, in that exclamation which he pronoun of the first person: in fact, he has for, whilst we notice in the names, which he made on the cross, from Psal. xxii. 1, the affirmed "Alehi" to be the singular, and has not corrected, the masoretic vowels as Hebrew word is would he then have carefully consulted his Hebrew Bible, and ac"Alehim" to be the plural. But, had he more they stand in the received translation, we notwithstanding remark in those, which he has addressed this exclamation to Himself? which quired the rudiments of the language from better corrected, the barbarous and incongruous sys- must have been the case, if this writer be elementary works, he must have been aware, tem of Hutchinson, Bate, and Parkhurst, correct. We are likewise of opinion, that sometimes strictly adopted, sometimes anoma is in some degree of error respecting the that with the first inseparable prolously combined with the masoretic vowels. sephiroth, because, although there be Had he applied his labours to a fair and just pre-eminently exalted above the rest, three noun singular is "Elohai: and we will correction of the errors which exist in our actual number is ten; and because the Greek take the liberty of inquiring of him, if his canon version, or had he enriched it with critical orácus are decidedly the partzuphim, were correct, would not the other pronouns annotations, he would have been deserving of joined to Aleh be, Alehka, Alehk, Aleho or our most unqualified praise: but we fear that of the Jews. Alehu, Alehnu, Alehkem, Alehken, &c. &c., should his book acquire a great circulation, it Further, this writer objects to the title of which there is not one example in the whole will be injurious to religion; and that in his Lord, because it "is the English of the He- Bible? And, if Alehim or Elohim were a attempts to distinguish the divine hypostases brew word Baal;" but he assuredly cannot name exclusively belonging to the true God, in the Hebrew text, he has rather lost sight of intend to imply, that our version makes it whence is it applied in the Scriptures to idols? the elevated notion of the Christian Trinity, signify Lord in the same sense as and if it be not such an exclusive name, did not and favoured the idea of absolute Tritheism. -since the merest tyro in Hebrew literature it God? and if Al or El be only predicated of our translators shew their sense by rendering Thus, he commences by informing us, that in the Scriptures of the Old Testament, must be aware, that is only rendered the Son, whence is that title also applied to idols, Joech Alehim, the Holy Ones, are distin- Lord in the sense of the Latin potens fol- xxxii. 12, Mal. ii. 11? Whence is it used in as in Exod. xxxiv. 14, Psalm lxxxi. 10, Deut. guished by distinct names, to wit, Aleh, the lowed by a genitive, whence Cocceius has adFather, Al, the Son, and Ruach, the Holy Ghost, which define, what we call persons, the mirably interpreted it xwv, as and even applied to Greeks hypostases, and the ancient Jews winged, Prov. i. 17, &c. &c.; and even where sephiroth in Jehoveh ;"-and elsewhere speaks it is emphatically applied to the sun, as an of "Al, the son of Aleh." In this singular sentence, we observe Ruach written according idol, the word to the vowel-points, and Jehoveh also written יְהוָה But אֵלִים plural form the 1 אַרְזֵי N77? Suffice it to adduce, as a specimen of the nonsense, which this notion has occasioned, the last verse in this fasciculus, is understood:scording to them in the second syllable, but hence we read of by according to Parkhurst's scheme in the third; and the like, in which the particular idols are wheres, had he uniformly followed the mode defined. which he has adopted, he would have written on the contrary, is inthe one Ruch, and the other Jeheveh, or Jeveh. trinsically indicative of the Essence of Deity, When, however, he proceeds to acquaint us, present, and future, cannot be more aptly ex-must notice the manner in which he brings the and having relation to God's eternity, past, that Aleh is predicated distinctly of the Father, pressed, unless it be by the term self-subsistent; New Testament in support of his criticisms as Before, however, we dismiss the subject, we and Al of the Son, after a most careful exa- and as this name is always marked in our an unerring authority;" for, although it be mination of the Hebrew Bible, we find our- translation by the word LORD in large capitals, such in points of faith, it is often unavailing in selves utterly at a loss to discover his authority which is never the case with Lord when it is points of criticism; because the writers frefor the assertion, and are, on the contrary, by-it is impossible that quently quoted the Old Testament from the translation of persuaded, that both El (not 4) and Elohim (not Alehim) obs are per a any mistake can arise. But Aleh, Alehim, and Alehi, which we fectly synonymous; for no such word as should call Elohim and Elohei, for the former LXX. ad literam, or by way of accommodation, 14, And Alehim said unto Moses, Ehjeh that Ehjeh:” its * Equally incomprehensible is his version of Exod. iii. incorrectness must be evident to every Hebraist. or even memoritèr, as Carpzov and other emi-pleasing manner. With the tastes of a gen- the ripening sun of these climates, the charms nent critics have fully shewn. The two in- tleman, and the information of a man of the and beauties of the female sex are developed stances which he has cited are singularly un- world, our author, in clearing broad and almost long before they put forth their blossoms in fortunate; the first, from Mark xv. 34, has uninhabited plains, in mixing with society in northern regions. Their decay, however, is already been noticed, in which the original He- towns and cities, in estimating the productions equally premature; women may be seen old at of nature, and in discussing the mining ca- twenty. The dress of the female Indians conbrew is, the 'Hai of St. Matthew; and abilities of the country, is equally at home, sists of a petticoat, worn much shorter by the the writer should have known, that this ex- and always entertaining. On the last subject, unmarried than by those that are married, and clamation was not pure Hebrew, but Aramaan; indeed, for the investigation of which his a scarf of sundry colours round the shoulders, wherefore his remarks fall to the ground: the mission was undertaken, the intelligence is of which is pinned on one side of the chest with a other is in direct refutation of his ideas, and in great importance; but as we, and the mass of topa, a large silver pin, occasionally of handsome full corroboration of the received rules of the our readers, are more concerned in general workmanship; but sometimes they use a spoon, grammar; yet he says, "but as the pronoun than in particular speculations, we shall, at the handle of which being pointed serves as a my is in such cases affixed, we thereby learn least in this paper, illustrate the work before pin, in a manner similar to that in which the that he, who is the Aleh of Abraham, is also us by a few extracts, descriptive of various ancient Britons used bodkins of bone and ivory my Aleh to all Abraham's seed," the meaning parts of Peru and its people. to fasten their garments. Cholas, those deof which we cannot comprehend. These names, “The Indians, who in this part of the coun- scended from Spanish and Indian parents, and however, like the Hutchinsonians, he derives try accompany travellers, although still called whom some call native peasants,' are very postilions, are no longer mounted. Throughout fond of dress and ornament; I have seen them from juravit, devovit, exsecrationem Peru they bear a despatch or perform a day's with topas of gold, set with pearls and precious pronuntiavit, whence he makes Alueh or Eloah journey on foot with more alacrity than a horse- stones, of considerable value." "one accursed, or subject to a curse," in sup- man. I have heard wonderful stories of their Approach to, and arrival at Potosi. port of which he distorts the well-known pas- performances. This very day my pedestrian "The road, as I advanced, although in no sage in Job xix. 25, 26, 27; but it is clear to postilion accompanied me with the greatest ease respect improved in itself, indicated the apthe merest philologer, that this is but the seven leagues, which I travelled at the rate of proach to a town of consideration. It was no secondary sense of 7, and that the primary out a single stop; for it rained heavily, and I accustomed to find it. Peasantry, with droves something more than four miles an hour, with-longer an unfrequented solitude, as I had been hurried as fast as my wretched animal was of asses and flocks of beautiful llamas, were to is undoubtedly retained in the Arabic אָלָה capable of going. This young man told me be seen passing to and fro; some strolling he adored, and the Syriac o he deified or hit that he had many companions who had Indian corn, flour, charcoal, fire-wood, and that he was not an andador, literally a goer, lazily to the city, laden with fruits, vegetables, adored. Respecting also, he is equally gone, and frequently go, within the day, from other necessaries; some returning from the Escara to Caiza, twenty-one post leagues, which market at a brisk pace, after disposing of their unlucky, for it closely answers to vir, as a hero is a distance little less than seventy English burdens, and hastening many leagues into the and as a husband; but according to him it miles. I have heard that it is not uncommon fruitful valleys of the country to renew them. "denotes a man in authority, and is generally for one of these andadores to perform thirty Indians, male and female, with poultry, milk, applied to men who have been circumcised: leagues from sunrise to sunset. The Peruvians eggs, and sundry commodities for consumption, it probably distinguishes a regenerated, or circumcised man, from an uncircumcised, or natural have seldom seen one who would be admitted traveller, that although surrounded by bleak, are generally middle-sized, muscular men; I enlivened the way, and apprised the hungry "Notwithstanding this discovery, how-into any of our grenadier companies. They live uncultivated, and uncultivable mountains, he ever, it is applied in the Scriptures to the male chiefly on vegetables, of which the Indian corn was still in the land of the living. Suddenly sex even of brutes, Gen. ii. 23, vii. 2, and and potato are the principal. They are not so appeared before me, in the distance, a high sometimes synecdochicè to both sexes, and often abstemious with respect to drink, being very mountain of a reddish brown colour, in the indefinitely means any one, quilibet. Nay, it fond of their native chica, and of fermented shape of a perfect cone, and altogether distinct is even applied to wicked men, as liquors of every sort. They are extremely hum- in its appearance from any thing of the kind I ble; and although they have given proofs of had ever seen. There was no mistaking it: it man. a wicked man,—jivi vi a detractor, MATRI D'AT WIN a blood-thirsty and deceitful man, `N a cruel man, &c. In the proper names, also, of which he has given a list, he has made equal errors, which we have not space to notice; nor has he in one place shewn the true force of before a vowel, which is Y, not J, as it stands both in our and his version. Who the writer is, we know not: his signature is Keseph: does he mean juror? a con desperate courage and ferocity when roused to was that mountain which was made known to vengeance, they are nevertheless of a timid dis- the world by the merest accident by an Inposition, and as peaceably inclined as they are dian who, in pursuit of a llama up the steep, to represented to have been, when Pizarro, their save himself from falling caught hold of a murderous conqueror, invaded them three hun-shrub, which being torn from the soil, exposed dred years ago. Their dress, excepting the hat, a mass of solid silver at the roots; it was that which is precisely the shape of Don Quixote's mountain, incapable of producing even a blade helmet without the niche in it, reminded me of of grass, which yet had attractions sufficient to that of the peasantry of Connaught. They cause a city to be built at its base, at one time wear coarse brown frieze cloth breeches, with containing a hundred thousand inhabitants; it the waistband very low, and always open at the was that mountain whose hidden treasures knees, the buttons being for ornament, not for have withstood the laborious plunder of two use. Shirts are seldom worn; the legs are bare, hundred and fifty years, and still remain unexwith the exception of pieces of hide under the hausted. Having said thus much of the new soles of the feet, tied sandal. fashion round the and striking object before me, I need scarcely instep and toes. An Englishman, and indeed add that it was the celebrated mountain of every impartial traveller, of whatever country Potosi. Onward I rode, cheered by seeing the he may be, must admit, in spite of poetry, that beacon which indicated the termination of my the most beautiful women in the world are the long journey. Not so my jaded mule; it English; compared with them, the female In- received no stimulus from that which to me dians are far from handsome, but I have seen acted as an exhilarating draught. Forty miles THE lovers of foreign travel have here a most some very finely formed. They become mothers upon a bad road (my mule assured me it was at an age which, in England, is considered little full forty-five) is a wearisome distance before agreeable companion to escort them through more than that of childhood, but here it is breakfast for either man or beast; and mine, Peru, conduct them to the rich Potosi, and, rather unusual to see an Indian girl who has every mile I now advanced, gave indubitable both by his observant and conversational pow-passed her fifteenth year, without her waw-waw evidence of exhausted strength; yet the means ers, (for his writings deserve that character); (child) upon her back. At one time the Spanish of refreshment were far distant from us both. present a multitude of interesting scenes and curious objects to them in a very amusing and nombre des gens qui paient le tribut, enacting, and with these two efficacious virtues, I begovernment passed a law, pour augmenter le Patience and perseverance were our only solace; * Mark xii. 26. It is curious to remark how he evades that all Indians of the age of fifteen should lieve in my heart honestly adhered to by both the difficulty in Gen. xxxiii. 20, respecting El-Elohei- marry; and fixing the age of fourteen for the of us, we mutually assisted each other: I by Israel, which he renders Al-Alehi - Ishral: for, had he male Indians, and thirteen for the females, as a alighting to walk up hills and steeps, the mule, followed his rule, it would have been Al, the Aleh of Ish-fit and proper age to enter into the marriage when I remounted, by jogging on, if the path ral, which would have made Al and Aleh the same state. It has been truly observed that, under happened to be free from rocks and stones; for Travels in various Parts of Peru; including person. 6 the approach even to the Imperial City is the sober and virtuous; to disseminate know- outside the house, according to the state of the nothing more than a rugged path tracked out ledge and religion; and to spread the desola-weather, where he wishes his muchaco (serby the footsteps of men and animals. From tions of war; marshalling armies in the field, vant) to spread his saddle-cloths; these being the top of every eminence that I ascended for and pointing the thunder of navies upon the three or four fold, are sufficiently large to lie the last two hours of my journey, I felt a long- ocean; filling cities with monuments of taste upon, and, with his saddle under his head and ing expectation of obtaining a view of the and art, and overwhelming them with ruin; poncho or cloak over him, complete the bed. town; because to behold even at a distance the founding mighty empires, and levelling them in abode of rest, at the conclusion of a long the dust; inciting, in short, to virtue and to voyage or journey, is a consolation which every crime, and being the source of much good, and traveller anxiously seeks, and enjoys with sen- the root of all evil in the world.'" sations of real pleasure; but this consolation is denied in approaching Potosi: neither house, nor dome, nor steeple, is to be seen at a distance. The last curve round the base of the silver mountain, whose pointed top was now far above my head in a cloudless deep blue sky, brought me at once upon the town, which, with its ruined suburbs, covered a vast extent beneath me; and in ten minutes more, I was at the post-house in the centre of it. But it is not in the post-house that the traveller is to expect repose or comfort; for even here, that abode is no better than the worst in any miserable village; there is no decent apartment to retire to, no refreshment to be obtained, no bed to rest upon, not even a chair to sit on, nor accommodation of any kind. After throwing some barley to my poor mule, I sallied forth with my letters of introduction, in search of a dinner; for although I had not breakfasted, dinner-hour had arrived; and there being no Retracing our steps to Trancas, we meet tavern in Potosi wherein to obtain one, I was with the following strange custom. obliged to sponge, and succeeded, to my infinite "About ten leagues from Trancas, where gratification, in the house of Don Raymundo we stopped to change horses, we found the few Hereña, a respectable shopkeeper, who probably houses that lately composed the hamlet in never before had such a famished guest at his ruins, from the effect of the earthquake. A table. In the evening I sought Monsieur woman of the place was busily employed in Garda, the first agent despatched by the direc- making a Franciscan friar's dress for her son, tors to this country, upon forming the Potosi two years old; he had been unwell, and during Association. Without having ever before seen his illness, the mother vowed to Saint Francis, each other, we met as intimate friends, because that if he would have the goodness to restore each knew the situation of each; and being em- her son to health, she would make him a friar barked in the same boat, the feelings of compa- of his order. Saint Francis obligingly internionship were reciprocal. After much interest- fered, and the child of course recovered. ing conversation with Monsieur Garda, it can- has now his head shaved in the shape of the not be matter of surprise that gradually my tonsure, and is only waiting for his frock, cowl, suppressed yawns should have given frequent and sandals, to fulfil his mother's vow. In to say, Puede haver,' It may be had;' or, notice of defrauded sleep, and intimated my Spain and Portugal, I have seen children of Si, porque non?" Yes, why not?? or, desire to wish good night.' I retired to a all ages dressed as nuns, monks, or friars, in Veremos,' We shall see;' or, Piuede V. very tolerable house, rented for the Association; consequence of vows of this kind. Their ap- cuidado,' You may rely upon it;' although, in one of the empty, unfurnished rooms of pearance to strangers is truly ridiculous'; but I at the same time, there is neither any inwhich I made myself a bed; and I believe, tention nor perhaps any possibility of fulfilling that before the sun had withdrawn his last ray the promise. A candid denial or refusal is from the summit of the mountain of Potosi, I considered a breach of civility, and they cannot might have been numbered among the happy find in their hearts to deprive you of the upon earth, if happiness consists in undisturbed momentary hope which their compliment may repose, free from all the cares and troubles of perhaps hold out." the world." Some few, who like their luxuries, carry a small mattress, and sometimes even a portable bedstead; but nothing of the kind is given or expected either at a public or private house, Of Potosi itself we are told: for the very best reason-because they have "The Indians, who compose one half of the nothing of the kind to give. The traveller inhabitants, are, in every sense of the expres- also carries with him his alforjas, a species of sion, a swinish multitude,' but those who haversack with provisions; but if he happens consider themselves so much their superiors to arrive at the family meal-time, he is inare not, in every particular, a great deal better. vited to partake, which invitation is usually Twenty years ago, the population of this city declined, because it is usually complimentary, was reduced to half of what it once contained, and nothing more. In South America, as in and now it does not exceed twelve thousand Spain, ceremonious compliments are too fresouls. I entered two or three of the plundered quently indulged in; offers and promises of and dismantled churches, the walls of which every thing, without meaning or intending formerly were, in some instances, literally any thing, are of daily occurrence; but this covered with decorations of pure silver. I general rule has of course its exceptions, for it strolled round that immense uncouth pile, the would be strange to say, that there are not as Casa Moneda, or Royal Mint, erected at the truly generous minds in South America and in cost of two millions of dollars. The common Spain as in any other part of the world; yet average coined within its walls for many years even the very best are addicted to empty comwas four millions annually, being at the rate of pliments altogether unknown among Englishupwards of ten thousand dollars a-day the men. Should you, for instance, chance to adwhole year round." mire a valuable necklace, a watch, a ring, or a handsome horse, the owner, although unacquainted with you, immediately makes an obeisance, and says, ' Està a la disposicion de V.' It is at your service;' but never expects you to accept the proffered gift. It must, no doubt, have occurred to others as well as to myself, in both Spain and South America, when speaking in praise of a lady, be she wife or daughter, in the presence of the husband or father, to have received from the latter the generous offerSeñor, està a la disposicion de V.' Promises are made most liberally by the South Americans, but the performance of them is not so He common. Ask, or casually express a wish, for any thing that may be distant or difficult to be obtained, and some person present will be sure doubt if even their patron saints could view a Our next extract contains some curious remarks on national manners. "Proprietors of houses in England, judging The above quotations may serve, for the preNext day, the author says, (March 20th, from their own cases, may imagine, that keep-sent, as illustrations of these very entertaining 1826): "Early to bed with those who are not ing open house' for travellers is attended and instructive volumes, to which we intend naturally of a lazy habit occasions early rising. with very great trouble and expense. Accord- again to pay our devoirs. Before the first bell tolled for mass in the ing to the customs of England it certainly neighbouring church of Santo Domingo, I was would be so, but in South America it is neither already in the principal square of the town, troublesome nor expensive. Here is no calling The Orlando Furioso, translated into English looking up with admiration at the wonderful for chambermaids to prepare a room, no disVerse, from the Italian of Ludovico Ariosto; mountain, which rises like a colossal sugar-loaf turbing the housekeeper from her tea to air a with Notes. By William Stewart Rose. above it to the height of nearly three thousand pair of sheets, no demand upon the butler for Vol. VII. London, 1829. J. Murray. feet, and which, although half an hour's walk a bottle of wine, nor upon the cook for any WE think we may best liken this wild and distant, yet seems so close, that if it were to extra exercise of his art, nor upon coachman or beautiful work to an enchanted palace, filled fall over, it would, to all appearance, over-grooms to take care of carriages and horses. with wonders, and haunted by strange, sweet whelm the whole city. A South American, The traveller alights at the door of a house, music. To this castle of the olden time, who ascended to the top of this mountain, has which he enters, and accosts those he may Mr. Rose is guide, and flings open portal after given us the following effusion upon the good chance to see, saying, God keep ye, gentle- portal, displaying its hidden treasures. Of the and bad effects of the riches it has produced. men!' to which a similar reply is given. The portion now before us, we can only say it equals The sublimity of the surrounding scenery did traveller then says, With your permission, its predecessors; the same skill of the poet not so much interest my feelings as the cele- señores, I shall stop here for the night.is shewn in the gracefully translated stanzas; brated mountain which has poured forth its With the greatest pleasure,' is the reply. the same research of the historian in the lacas of silver upon the world-to animate Here ends, nine times out of ten, the whole of careful and erudite notes. In choosing a enterprise and reward industry; to pamper the trouble or interference between the parties. quotation, we are induced to select Rinaldo's the luxurious, and minister to the comforts of The traveller points to a spot, either inside or emancipation from his passion for Angelica, as 6 an admirable illustration of Ariosto's powers of| allegory. Wend where the warrior will, an-end or wide, Ever with him is that accursed Pest: Equipt with arms of beauteous steel and clear; His lance he grasped, his sword was in its place, To save him from the cruel monster's hands. The stranger horseman, like a warrior bold, And with one draught of that cold liquor drove A passion, says some author, has two chief also stated many circumstances regarding the natural history of that animal, as well as of the wolf, elk, &c., together with particulars relative to the capercali, or coq du bois, and other birds, as likewise to the finny tribe common to the Scandinavian waters. These may, I trust, be interesting not only to the sportsman but to the naturalist. Rather numerous details will be found respecting the manner of destroying wild beasts in skalls; the extensive and scientific preparations for which, and the vast number of persons engaged, assume rather the Field Sports of the North of Europe; com- appearance of a warlike armament than the prised in a Personal Narrative of a Resi- chase of wild beasts. On this account, I predence in Sweden and Norway, in the Years sume, the information given will be perused 1827-8. By L. Lloyd, Esq. With numerous with curiosity. Though the contents of the Engravings. 2 vols. 8vo. London, 1830. following pages are principally of a sporting Colburn and Bentley. nature, I have sometimes digressed, and made a few general observations respecting Sweden and Norway and their inhabitants, which may not be altogether uninteresting to the reader. As the pursuit of the bear, during my residence abroad, was a favourite one with me, it will be found, that, in addition to what fell under my own immediate observation, I have given many anecdotes relating to that animal, which, though doubtless founded on fact, are occasionally, perhaps, a little embellished. Out of these, together with the detail of my own personal adventures, a pretty good idea may be formed of Bruin when in his native wilds; and if any one of my readers should visit the Scandinavian forests for the purpose of attacking him, he will know, to a certain extent, what kind of antagonist he may expect to encounter." WE wish-but for one thing which shall be Who sweats at once with heat and quakes with cold, battues called skalls, and to all the adventures Nor can he thrust the monster from his croup. She rose and shook her snakes in volumed spire. and anecdotes therewith connected ; "Hunt all his huntings o'er again, And with him slay the slain." But alas! we are only fireside instead of fire- To take the road which scales the neighbouring mount: tits, and other small deer in the fields and by He took that proffered counsel and that way, The stranger, when he to her dark retreat Had driven from upper light that beast of hell, That countless thanks were due to him,' he said, The stranger answered: Let it irk not thee Ere longer by a yard the shadows be," The cavalier that with Rinaldo goes, Upon the green sward lit the martial two, While their loose horses through the forest fed; By heat and thirst unto the river sped; peninsula. the hedges hereabouts; but owing to the de- "When a sportsman first visits Sweden, he bute to the climate, the vermin, or other would be inclined to think game would be exterminated altogether. In the summer, and often when the birds are hardly out of their shells, the slaughter is commenced both with traps and guns; and during the subsequent long winters, of some five or six months' duration, every device which the ingenuity of man can invent, is put into execution to destroy them. The spring of the year, however, during the period of incubation, is the most fatal to the feathered tribe; for at that time birds are, of course, more easy of approach, and they are then, at least such is the case in most parts of Sweden, destroyed without mercy.' "I was inclined to think, that as the Scandinavian peninsula and the adjoining countries had recently been explored by so many travellers, the generality of readers would have felt little interested in any information regarding the ordinary objects of attention that it might have been in my power to give. For these reasons Even the bears are slain in their winterI have thought it best to confine my narrative sleep; and, in short, there seems to be no sort to a limited period (the season 1827-8), and of security for fish, fowl, or flesh, fera namainly to sporting subjects-more particularly turæ, in all the land or waters of Scandinavia. to the chasse of the bear, which, at any rate, The race of our friend Bruin has thus been has the charm of novelty in its favour. I have nearly extirpated; in spite of all their saving qualities of running, walking, swimming, mous a stomach as almost to resemble a cow in honour to organise this hunt (which was only scratching, clawing, tearing, patting, biting, calf.' This animal's skull, however, which is one thousand six hundred paces in circumferhugging, and snoozing,-for indeed their perse- now in my possession, is not at all remarkable ence), likewise in the parish of Tuna in Dalecutions appear to be what no bear could bear. in point of size. He did not die tamely; for, carlia, in which four bears were ringed; and "The female bear carries her young about after receiving several balls, he dashed at the although, according to orders, fires were lighted six months, and brings forth when in her den cordon of people who encompassed him on all behind the nets, &c. surrounding the skallat the end of January, or in the course of Feb-sides, and, according to the same author, se- plats, yet the bears never moved out of their ruary. The cubs, when first born, are very verely wounded no less than seven of them in quarters; all the four lay quiet together in a small; not, however, mishapen lumps, as it succession. 'One of the men he bit in thirty-sand-bank. Wherefore, when his majesty used to be said, which the mother licked into seven different places, and so seriously in the came to the hunt, he resolved to shoot them in form, but bears in miniature. She has from head, that his brains were visible.' Though the den, which was executed in the following one to four at a birth, which she suckles, ac- the people gallantly endeavoured to stop the manner :- I advanced before, carrying on my cording to Mr. Forsell, until the summer is progress of this monster, he broke through all arm one of his majesty's rifles; immediately well advanced.' Although the mother takes opposition, and for the moment made his es- after, his majesty followed in person; after no nourishment during the time she continues cape: very fortunately, however, a minute or him huntsman Floton with two rifles on his in her den, she nevertheless preserves her con- two afterwards Mr. Falk succeeded in putting arm; and after him, Colonel Lars Hierta, who dition tolerably well, and her teats furnish him hors de combat. Though this bear was of had also a rifle. It was farther ordered, that a milk in abundance; for this reason, the cubs so enormous a size, one of Mr. Falk's under- huntsman should follow fifty or sixty paces beare usually found to be very fat when they are keepers, the most celebrated chasseur in that hind, with a couple of the large hounds; and taken in the den. Should she again be with part of the country, who saw it, and of whom that the other huntsmen should stand ready, young in the same year, she does not, accord- I shall have occasion to speak much hereafter, with the whole of the dogs, immediately within ing to Mr. Falk, suffer her former cubs to assured me he himself had killed one still the nets; but that all the other attendants share her den the next winter, but prepares larger, the skin of which was, by his account, should remain without. When I, who went them quarters in her neighbourhood: the suc- of such an extraordinary size, that I am really before, came so near that I could see where ceeding summer, however, she is followed by afraid to repeat its dimensions. He added the bears lay, I shewed them to his majesty, both litters, who pass the ensuing winter, all farther, that its fat alone weighed one hundred and presented to him his rifle, who immediately together, in the mother's den. Though I can-weight, and that its wrists (in formation much fired at one who sat himself up in the den when not from personal observation verify the latter resembling those of a human being) were of so he saw us; which was pointed so well, that he statement, I have reason to believe it is true; great a thickness, that with his united hands, instantly fell dead, having received the ball indeed, one of the most celebrated chasseurs in which were none of the smallest, he was un. between the eyes. The others, notwithstandthe north of Europe, an occasional companion able to span either of them by upwards of an ing this, never moved, but lay perfectly quiet, of mine in the forest, assured me that he him- inch. This bear, however, he admitted, was as if they had been dead. The huntsman, self once found two distinct litters of cubs in very considerably larger than any other that directly after the first shot, presented to his the same den with the mother. 6 She-bears,' ,' he ever killed; indeed, by his account, it must majesty one of the rifles which he carried, and Mr. Falk farther observes, do not breed have been a Daniel Lambert among his species. I took back the one that was discharged, when three years in succession: when the young are The powers of such animals as those of which the king fired a second time; and as the bears of a proper growth, (which, I believe, is not I have just been speaking, must of course be still remained quiet, the huntsman delivered to until they are three years of age,) she separates tremendous; and it can, therefore, readily be him the other rifle, and took from him the from them entirely. The bear is a fast and imagined, that the inhabitants of Scandinavia second that was discharged, when his majesty good swimmer, and in hot weather bathes fre- have some little reason for the saying common immediately fired a third shot at the bears; but quently; he climbs well, but in descending among them, that the bear, together with the even yet not one of them moved. Upon this, trees or precipices always comes down back- wit of one man, has the strength of ten. Some the king would not fire again, but ordered that wards. His sight is sharp, and senses of hear- better idea of the prowess of a large bear may, in case any bear was still alive, the dogs should ing and smelling are excellent: for these however, be formed, when I state, on the au- be set upon it, and for that purpose they were reasons, it is not often that he is to be seen. thority of Mr. Falk, that several instances unloosed. But as the dogs did not see the He walks with facility on his hind-legs, and have occurred in Wermeland, within the last bears, or know where the den was, they ran in that position can bear the heaviest burdens. few years, of their climbing on to the roofs of backwards and forwards within the skall-plats, Indeed, Mr. Nilsson says, a bear has been cow-houses: these they have then torn off; until I was ordered to go to the den to see how seen walking on his hinder feet along a small and having thus gained admittance to the poor matters stood. The bears permitted me to tree (stock) that stretched across a river, bear- animals confined within, they slaughtered and approach within four or five paces, when three ing a dead horse in his fore-paws.' Though actually carried them away by shoving, or lift- of them sprang out, the fourth remaining dead his gait is awkward, the bear can, if he pleases, ing them through the aperture by which they on the spot. Two of those that sprang out as I shall by and by have occasion to shew, go themselves had entered.' I have heard of had both been shot through the body, and the at a great pace. According to Mr. Falk, he another bear, which, after being desperately third was quite untouched. The two that were grows to about his twentieth, and lives until wounded, ran at the man who fired at him, wounded were taken by the dogs; but the his fiftieth year. The Scandinavian bear, the who took refuge behind a young tree; this the third, which was not wounded, was driven on male at least, (for the female is smaller,) bear then embraced with his arms, thinking to his majesty's skreen, where Colonel Hierta Occasionally attains to a very great size. In- possibly it was his opponent he had got hold and the other gentlemen of the suite received deed, I myself killed one of these animals that of: he was then, however, in his last agonies, permission to go and shoot him, and which they weighed four hundred and sixty pounds; and and presently fell dead to the ground, tearing accordingly did. His majesty, in the meanas this was in the winter-time, when, from his up the tree by the roots in his fall." time proceeded to the parsonage at Tuna, highly stomach being contracted, (which, as I have pleased at this extraordinary sport, and at the just now stated, is the case with those animals gratification he experienced in getting three at that season of the year,) he was probably "As soon as the old bear heard the people shots at bears in their den, as it was the first lighter by fifty or sixty pounds than he would advancing upon her, she drove her cubs, as is time the king had had an opportunity of shoothave been during the autumnal months. Mr. usually the case when they are in danger, up ing at any bear in his winter-quarters, and Professor Nilsson states, that they attain to into the trees, or into holes and other places of which also never happened again. When the five hundred weight.' Mr. Falk, however, goes concealment, for safety. This was known from hunt was over, his majesty proceeded the next much farther; for he says, in his little pam- the cries of the cubs; for on these occasions, day to Stockholm, and I received permission to phlet, that he once killed a bear in a skall, so the mother generally resorts to considerable shoot the four bears which I had reported to uncommonly large, that when slung on a pole, violence to accomplish her purpose. She then him were ringed in Westmanland, and which I ten men could with difficulty carry him a short continued her retreat.” also did three days afterwards on my journey distance.' He adds farther, 'His weight could Frederick the First, who ruled in Sweden home. In the wood called Har, near Nötbo, not be precisely stated; but,' according to his about a hundred years ago, was a famous bear- there lay a capital bear ringed; but as this opinion, and he had seen numbers of large and hunter, and the archives of the state retain bear, when the hunt was about half-driven, ran small bears, he weighed unflayed at least two authentic records of his exploits. The follow-on the people, and severely wounded four or skippunds victualic weight, or near seven hun- ing are specimens, and written by M. Schön- five men, the king ordered that all the dogs, dred and fifty pounds English.' This bear, berg, the king's principal chasseur, the then which amounted to about sixty, should be let which was killed during the autumnal months, Lord Maryborough of Sweden:loose upon him, which was accordingly done, Mr. Falk described to have had so enor- "The 15th of January, 1722, I had the when he at once killed six or seven of them; · The annexed is an illustration of the instinct of these animals : |