Imágenes de página
PDF
ePub

connected.-Liberality of the higher classes.-Laxness of these

classes. The evil of sexual infidelity to be judged only by its

consequences.-1. In relation to the domestic affections.-His-

tory of domestic infidelity in this respect.-Very different fate of

the husband and the wife in consequence.-Happier results of

new associations.-Natural liberty favourable to fidelity according

to Plutarch, &c.—Temporary amours rarely dangerous.—Jealousy

and persecution chiefly make them so.-Infidelity to be blamed

as exciting jealousy.-May, in some cases, be blamable also on

other accounts. Happy effects of the absence of jealousy.—2.

In relation to irregular progeny.—Temporary amours rarely pro-
ductive. Perhaps more blamable for unproductiveness.—When
most dangerous.-Sum of the evils of infidelity.-Extent of infi-
delity in various nations.-Infidelity in Russia.-Poland.-Dif.

ference between the northern and southern nations further noticed.

-Infidelity in England.—De Biron and the English lady.—The

aristocracy of love in England, a branch of the general aristocracy.

-English, French, and Italian love contrasted in this respect.-

Boniface archbishop of Mentz, on English nuns.-Latimer on

breach of wedlock in England. Of other women similarly having

a large vital system.-Causes and examples given by men in

England. Infidelity in Germany.-Prussia.-Austria.—France.

-Domestic relations in France.-Character and temperament of

French women, by Moreau.-Their coldness and unfitness for

love. Superficial views of Mr. Bulwer, &c.—Infidelity in Italy.

-Early marriages necessary there.-Extensive and avowed infi

delity, the result of indissoluble marriage.-The cicisbeato and

cavalieri serventi.-Infidelity systematized.—Durability of these

engagements.-Advantages attending them.-Their example fol-

lowed by strangers.-Comparison between the Italians and

English in this respect, made in the "Istoria Critica dei Cava-

liere Serventi."-This comparison in favour of the Italians.—

Blunder of Bonstetten on this subject.-Infidelity in Spain from

the same cause, indissoluble marriage.-Spanish America.-Por.

tugal.-Portuguese Colonies.-Infidelity everywhere accompany-

ing indissoluble marriage.

PART VI.-DIVORCE, p. 217.

What constitutes marriage.-Marriage by men incapable of
its duties, fraudulent.-Divorce divided into divorce properly so
called and repudiation.-In divorce without children, consent of
parties alone necessary. In repudiation without children, fair
defence at most necessary.-Neither divorce nor repudiation ad-
missible until after temporary separation.-Childless marriages
the interest neither of individuals nor of society.-The existence
of children ought to enhance the difficulty of divorce, and the
interference of society in behalf of the new interests to be satisfied.
-Divorce not to be permitted until children are secure from in-
jury thereby.-Importance of this to society as well as to children.
-So also even if there be children, provided we regard its effects
only on offspring generally or in relation to society, and not to
the one only of the particular male parents deceived.-Adultery
has its offensive relation, where there is progeny, especially to the
husband.-Qualifying circumstance.-Actual vitiation of off-
spring necessary to the enhancement of such offence.-If such
vitiation be, it can be proved.-Not till then can the wife, as the
more blamable, be justly punished for such aggravation.—Ab-
surdity and ill consequences of legal offence rendering easy divorce,
when unattainable in common cases.-Conclusion as to these
vices. Other causes than infidelity should operate divorce, as
shown by Milton.--Coleridge's remarks on Milton.--Milton's
remarks on Bucer and Erasmus in this respect.-Selection,
abridgment and arrangement of Milton's view as to divorce.-
As to the state or condition of marriage.
state.—As to the injustice of this state.
state. As to the remedy of this state.
ance of mind in such case.-As to the dictates of nature therein.
-As to the end of marriage.-As to evil instead of good produced
thereby. As to other causes of divorce.-As to its prohibition being
both useless and mischievous.-Milton's replies to objections.-
His opinion that the power of divorce should rest with the husband.
-Milton grossly misrepresented on this great subject.-Milton's
only error, in not assigning to the wife the same right as to the
husband.-State of English law on this subject.-The English,
following the canon law, makes marriage indissoluble even by

As to the cause of this
As to the effects of this
As to the greater import-

adultery.-Divorce a mensa et thoro, a mere separation, not per-

mitting a second marriage. No power but that of parliament can

enable a party to contract a second marriage while the parties to

the first are living.-This both contrary to the law of the land,

and encouraging perjury on the part of the husband.—This meant

by its expense to exclude all but the rich from its benefit.-Di-

vorce for adultery or desertion allowed by all reformed churches but

the English.-Great facility both for marriage and divorce in

Scotland. Injustice of the English law. Its ill effects as expos-

ing the wife to temptation and affording excuse for the husband's

profligacy.-Proof, from the example of Scotland, how easily this

evil might be remedied.-Proof also of the mischief of divorce a

mensa et thoro.-Gross, daring and flagrant injustice of lordly

legislation in granting divorce to a husband and refusing it to a

wife. A divorced wife forfeits maintenance and dower, and the

husband in all cases retains nearly the whole of her property.—

Even if the husband be divorced so far as the wife is allowed to

divorce, he retains the greater part of her fortune, while she is

allowed a pittance. The husband has a property in the wife's

person; she, none in his.-Hence the wife rarely seeks divorce,

unless cruelly treated, and thus proves that there are greater in-

juries than adultery.-The objection, that if complete divorce were

granted, adultery would become common.-Answer.-Proof from

the example of Scotland. The objection that the adulterer would

be benefitted.-Answer.-Worthlessness of English law on this

subject. Married people therefore seek relief from the law of

Scotland. Comparative number of divorces in Prussia, France,

and England. Their deficiency in England compensated by

miserable couples, and by infidelity, concubinage and prostitution.

-Sale of wives.

These, the consequences of such oppressions.-Preliminary
examination of polygamy.-Extent of polygamy.-Its state in
Turkey.-Divorce in that country.-Retaking the divorced wife.

-Injustice of polygamy.-Argument in its favour from climate

and precocity.-Answer.-Argument from the proportion of the

sexes.- -Answer.-Polygamy never general.-Conclusion.-Poly.

gamy always accompanied by slavery.-Eastern notion of the

natural inferiority of woman.-Its sanction from religion.-Mon-

tesquieu's reasoning on this subject.-Answer.-Apology for poly-

gamy.-Answer.-Relation of women to each other in the East.-

Infidelity of eastern women.-Hostility of this to friendship.-

To female liberty.-Its injury to children.-Its effects on the

parents, male and female.-As to civilization and freedom.-Mon-

tesquieu's love of hypothesis.-Effects of indissoluble monogamy

in Europe resemble those of polygamy.-These compared.-Na-

tural causes of concubinage and courtezanism.-Their artificial

and chief cause, indissoluble marriage.-Concubinage in an-

cient Greece. In modern nations.-Its evil consequences.-Its

insufficiency, as well as that of polygamy.-Courtezanism both

unsatisfactory and vicious, however inevitable under indissoluble

marriage. The courtezans of Asiatic Greece.-Those of Corinth.

-Phryne.-Aspasia.-Classes of Hetairai. Their relation to

the fine arts and to religion.-Their accomplishments.-Their

influence.-Conduct of the cynics in regard to them.-The ac-

cuser of Phryne and Hyperides.-Solon's permission of courte.

zans. Cato's and Cicero's conduct in that respect.-Courtezan-

ism in modern times.-In France.-Ninon de l'Enclos.-At the

present time.-Courtezanism in England.-Reasonable freedom

of divorce the cure for it.-In Africa.-In the South Sea Islands.

The Ehrioi.-The despotism of man, the first cause of these evils.

-They have no dependence on natural and necessary law.-Mis-

take of Dr. Priestly on this subject.-Evils of courtezanism.-

Danger of exposure.-Ruinous expense.-Disinclination to ho-

nourable connexion.-Impairment of constitution.-Peculiar dis

ease.-Injury to women.-For all this, woman additionally and

severely punished by man.-'
-The share which parents take in

punishing their children on this account.-Conduct of women

to each other.

« AnteriorContinuar »