How far that little candle throws his beams!
So shines a good deed in a naughty world.
Some are born great, some achieve greatness,
reatness thrust upon them.

Thou wear a lion's hide! Doff it for shame,
And hang a calf's skin on those recreant limbs.
Drink to me only with thine eyes,

And I will pledge with mine;

Or leave a kiss but in the cup,
And I'll not look for wine.

Here we may reign secure; and in my choice
To reign is worth ambition, even in hell:
Better to reign in hell than serve in heaven.
- O shame to men! Devil with devil damned
Firm concord holds; men only disagree
Of creatures rational.

. Westward the course of empire takes its way;
The four first acts already past,

A fifth shall close the drama with the day:
Time's noblest offspring is the last.

8. Time flies, death urges, knells call, heaven invites, Hell threatens; be timely wise.

9. Sir, a woman's preaching is like a dog's walking on his 1 legs: it is not well done; but you are surprised to find one at all.

o. Go, poor devil, get thee gone; why should I hurt e? this world surely is wide enough to hold both thee

11. Truth is the handmaid of justice, freedom is its child, ace is its companion, safety walks in its steps, victory follows its train; it is the brightest emanation from the gospel, it the attribute of God

12. He smote the rock of national resources, and abundant streams of revenue gushed forth; he touched the dead corpse of public credit, and it sprang upon its feet.

13. There is a pleasure in the pathless woods; There is a rapture in the lonely shore ;

There is society

By the deep sea, and music in its roar :

I love not man the less, but nature more.

14. Kings are like stars: they rise and set; they have

The worship of the world, but no repose.

15. O, call my brother back to me,

I cannot play alone;

The summer comes with flower and bee,
Where is my brother gone?

16. Go, forget me, why should sorrow
O'er that brow a shadow fling?

exte

rate

and

same

its o

take

tence fied

the n

is ext

in the

no lon

Go, forget me, and to-morrow
Brightly smile and sweetly sing:

Smile, for I shall not be near thee;

Sing, for I shall never hear thee!

17. There were gentlemen and there were seamen in the navy of Charles II.; but the seamen were not gentlemen, and the gentlemen were not seamen.

18. Hitherto shalt thou come, but no farther;

And here shall thy proud waves be stayed.

19. They shall beat their swords into ploughshares, and their spears into pruning hooks; nation shall not lift up sword against nation, neither shall they learn war any more.

20. Friendship is constant in all other things
Save in the office and affairs of love :
Therefore all hearts in love use their own tongues;

Let every eye negotiate for itself,

And trust no agent.

A

clause

Dep

senten

ing no

verbs, perform

The

pal clau

S

R

R

I

I

XIX. THE COMPLEX SENTENCE

clauses

has been shown how a simple sentence can be Modifying led, and be made to give a fuller and more accuexpression of thought by having modifying words phrases added to its essential elements. In the way modifying clauses may be added, each having vn subject and predicate; and these in turn may all the modifying elements of the simple sen

clauses

Such clauses are said to depend on the modi- Subordinate word, and to be subordinate to the clause in which modified word is found. The term "subordinate' tended to cover clauses entering into a sentence ne various offices of a noun. The sentence is now onger simple, but complex.

complex sentence consists of an independent Definition se, and one dependent clause, or more than one.

dependent

ependent clauses are named from their use in the Kinds of ence. Thus there are, adjective clauses, modify- clauses nouns and pronouns; adverbial clauses, modifying

os, adjectives, and adverbs; and substantive clauses,

forming many of the offices of a noun.

The connecting words between dependent and princi- Connecting

clause

I. ADJECTIVE CLAUSES

Adjective Of dependent clauses, the adjective clause is the commonest and the simplest in construction. It is equivalent to an adjective used attributively or appositively, or Place to an adjective phrase. Its natural place is immediately after the modified word, though it occasionally precedes this:

An affectionate father = a father who is affectionate.

A man skilled in building a man who has skill in

building.

Connectives

Work done by Chinamen
Chinamen = which Chinamen have done.

=

work which has been done by

A rainbow seen by me a rainbow which I saw.

T

A chattering child = a child that chatters.

A house to sell: = a house which is for sale.

The man with a broken ear the man whose ear has been
broken.

S

asse

Adjective clauses are connected with the modified word in different ways, by:—

the

scri

the

Relative pronouns,

tive

Bless the hand that gave the blow!

They never taste who always drink.

Such tears as angels weep, burst forth.

Man makes a death which nature never made.

Whatsoever I bid thee do, thou shouldst attempt (it).

Relative adjectives,

He was absent a year, during which time his father failed.
That was he without whose life I had not been.

asse

e relative element in compound pronouns,

What (= that which) he sought below is passed above.
I will accept what (= that which) you can give.

he relative element in compound adjectives,

Take whichever way (= any way which) seems shortest.

ome relative clauses are restrictive, limiting what is Descriptive erted or otherwise expressed of the antecedent, to restrictive antecedent as thus modified; some are merely de- clauses iptive, helping to give a clearer idea of that which e antecedent represents; some are merely addie, expressing what is equivalent to an independent sertion:

He had hands that dangled a mile out of his sleeves.

I made him a proposition, which he accepted.
They gave bread to the beggar, who ate it greedily.