EXERCISES

1. Come live with me and be my love.

2. I shall try to keep the balance true.

3. To be hurried away by every event is to have no political system.

4. It costs nothing for a wise soul to communicate its wisdom.

5. She aimed to preserve her throne, to maintain peace, and to restore civil order.

6. We received an invitation to accompany our friend home. 7. It is excellent to have a giant's strength; it is tyrannous to use it like a giant.

8. They call drinking deep dyeing scarlet.

9. My motive in going was to be of use.

10. I never knew a man worth the saving to be drowned.

11. I leave my friend to learn unpleasant truths from his enemies.

12. Mortals too exalted to labor cease to be men.

13. Seeming is not being; nor does living consist in dreaming.

14. A bad ending follows a bad beginning. I must learn how to begin.

15. The doing of right alone teaches the value or the meaning of right.

16. Theirs not to make reply

Theirs not to reason why.

Theirs but to do and dio

17. None knew thee but to love thee;

None named thee but to praise.

18. I was about to leave this wretched creature to starve.

19. Esther Dudley appeared to have grown partially crazed.

20. It is our nature to desire a monument of slate or marble or a pillar of granite.

21. Hearing him threaten to tear the house down, she insisted on his letting the kitchen remain till the last.

22. Peter's father had faith enough in the story to cause the cellar to be dug over.

23. Peter himself chose to consider the legend as an indisputable truth.

24. The feet past all darning, — to make a long story short, she was trying to cut pieces out of an old petticoat to make new soles.

25. She never came into daylight except to follow funerals. 26. Being in a boat is being in prison with little chance of being released.

27. To be or not to be, that is the question.

To die, to sleep, and by a sleep to say we end

The heartache and a thousand natural shocks,

... 'tis a consummation

Devoutly to be wished.

To sleep, perchance to dream, -ay, there's the rub.

XIII. PARTICIPLES

nature

Participles are verbal forms used as adjectives; but Double articiples of copulative verbs and active participles f transitive verbs so far retain their verb nature that, sed predicatively or appositively, they take compleents and objects. Every complete verb has two simple articiples called for convenience present and past:

participles

The past participle is combined with the participles Compound of have and be so as to form participial phrases, or compound participles, having voice and tense like finite verbs, and used in constructions like those of the simple participles.

Pres. loving

Perf. having loved

PROGRESSIVE

Active

SIMPLE

(being loving)
having been loving

A participle with its complement or object and modi- Participial

fiers may be called a participial phrase:

phrase

Finding myself deprived of company, I went home.

Not being well satisfied with themselves, they were gloomy.

Note. The tenses of the participle, like those of the infinitive, are not

Both simple and compound participles, alone or with all modifiers, are used as appositive adjectives:

Their leader, living, inspired them.

Toiling, rejoicing, sorrowing, onward through life he goes.
A house divided against itself, cannot stand.

Thy love was wonderful, passing the love of women.
Do you hear the children weeping, O my brothers?

which they are used, or the verb of the sentence in which they are found; or, like other adjectives, they are timeless: —

I am going, was going, shall be going.

The soldier is killed, was killed, will be killed.

A jumping frog. A dead Indian.

Having seen the enemy flee, we were satisfied.

He became a private citizen, having been retired from the

army.

participles

The participles being and having been are often merely Copulative nnectives between an appositive adjective or noun or descriptive participle and the word modified:

Their father dead. their father being dead, — the sons separated.

The captain wounded - the captain having been wounded, withdrew.

Appositive participial expressions, while construed Grammatirammatically as adjectives going along with the sub

cally adjec

tives, logi

ect of a verb, are often logically adverbial modifiers, cally adverbs ndicating some circumstance attending the action exressed by the verb:

She dying gave it to me,

Note.-A participle of the new conjugation used as an attributive djective often has the ending ed fully pronounced, although in its verbal se this suffix does not make an additional syllable:

An agéd man, a blessed sight, a crooked stick; but,

You have aged greatly.

He has blessed them.

He had crooked his finger at us.

Some participles of the old conjugation retain the termination en when used as adjectives, dropping it when used as verbs: —

A drunken man, a sunken ship, a stricken deer; but,

He had drunk heavily. The ship was sunk. He had struck a rock.

Some new verbs take an old participle as adjective, retaining the new participle in verbal use:

A swollen face, a rotten stick; but,