I

The adverbial objective follows the modified verb or Place direct object, and follows a modified noun, but predes a modified adjective or adverb.

RULE XII. Nouns denoting measure, time, manner, Rule d the place toward which are sometimes used in the jective case adverbially to modify a verb, adverb, adjecve, or a noun retaining a verbal force.

3. A coat worth ten dollars will cost you to-day five dollars.

easily

you

to-day

dollars

five

'home

all

night

EXERCISES

1. Full fathom five thy father lies.

2. This heavy-headed revel east and west makes us traduced.

3.

I shot another arrow the selfsame way.

4. Many a time and oft on the Rialto you have rated me.

5.

I will kill thee a hundred and fifty ways. I'll not budge an inch.

6. For the rain, it raineth every day. I know a trick worth two of that.

7. Cowards die many times before their deaths.

8. I am beholden to you for your music (singing) this last night.

9. I have walked all night and gone six miles.

10. A ring he hath of mine worth forty ducats.

II. He bought a field a half-mile long, and measuring one hundred acres.

12. The villain sprang back a few paces.

13. Then thou wast not out three years old.

14. I have looked upon the world four times seven years.

15. I was born not three hours' travel from this very spot. 16. I will bring my wood home faster. I will pay thy graces home. I will strike home.

17. It may chance cost some of us our lives.

18. You may have it your own way many times.

19. Five times every year he was to be exposed in the pillory.

20. Evil news rides post. I shall detain you scarcely an r longer.

21. Down the street they marched Indian-file.

22. I do not care a snap for her: her beauty is only skin ep.

23. Shakespeare was fifty-two years old the day of his death. 24. The next day at noon we found ourselves fourteen miles Om home.

25. An imprudent remark sometimes brings a man into bad epute the rest of his life.

26. They fought him tooth and nail. They bound him and and foot. They smote the enemy hip and thigh. They truck hit or miss.

27. Action is transitory, a step, a blow, a motion this way or that.

28. I am paid a dollar a day. We are forgiven our debts. He was thrice presented a kingly crown. She was bequeathed her grandmother's jewels.

29. The fish weighed four pounds. The grocer weighed me four pounds of sugar. Thou art weighed in the balance, and found wanting.

30. Yes, faith, I will love thee Fridays and Saturdays and all.

Adverbial modifier

Idea expressed

Equivalents

X.

NOMINATIVE CASE ABSOLUTE

A noun or pronoun may become an adverbial modi fier in another way without any change in form, and with no connective joining it to the word modified :

The father dead, the sons managed the business.
His money spent, he must work or beg or starve.
Other help failing, we must rely the more on you.

Hand in hand, they left Eden.

Our hearts however sorrowful, we yet must seem cheerful.
They refusing, we must act.

The noun or pronoun in these sentences is followed by an appositive adjective word or phrase, the construction expressing condition, concession, cause or reason, time, manner, or some other circumstance accompanying the action or condition which the modified word expresses; and sometimes the construction is nearly equivalent to another independent statement:—

Though our hearts are sorrowful, yet we must strive.

determined

The construction is called 'absolute' because it seems Case
ut off' from the modified word, there being no con-
cting word. When pronouns are thus used, they
e almost invariably in the nominative case form.

The nominative absolute construction usually modi- Connection
es the predicate of a sentence, and regularly stands
rectly before the subject, or directly after the verb Place
- object..

RULE XIII. · A noun or pronoun, followed by an Rule ppositive adjective expression, is used in the nominative ase absolute, to express adverbial relations.

Punctuation. V. The nominative absolute construcion is separated from the rest of the sentence by

commas.

The absolute construction may consist of a noun or May be pronoun followed by –

A simple adjective, - The man dead, we cared for his family. An adjective with copulative participle, - The man being dead, we cared for his family.

Note.-Care must be taken not to mistake the subject and a participial phrase modifying it for the nominative absolute construction:

The sun (subject) rising dispersed the fog.

The sun (subject) having risen dispersed the fog.
The sun (nom. abs.) rising, the fog was dispersed.
The sun (nom. abs.) having risen, the fog was dispersed.

In older English an occasional objective absolute is found:

Alas, him offending, whom can we trust?

In Old English the instrumental — Latin ablative

was the absolute

case.