Notes. 1. In Song, as well as in Speech, Le Articulatum Fitch, Force, and Time, must be attended to; i. e. in both arta, mas ter the right form of the elements, the degree of elevation and de pression of the voice, the kind and degree of loudness of sounds, found in speaking. and their duration: there is nothing in singing that may not be 03. Elocution and Music being inseparable in their nature, every one, of cominon organization, whether aware of it, or not, uses all the elements of Music in his daily intercourse with society. When we call to one at a distance, we raise the voice to the upper pitches: when to one near by, we Anecdote. Musical Pun. A young Mudrop it to the lower pitches; and when at a sician, remarkable for his modesty and sinmedium distance, we raise it to the middle cerity, on his first appearance before the pubpitches: that is, in the first case, the voice lic, finding that he could not give the trills, is on, or about the eighth note: in the sec-effectively, assured the audience, by way of ond, on, or about the first note: and in the apology, "that he trembled so, that he could last place, on, or about the third or fifth not shake. note. In commencing to read or speak in public, one should never commence above his fifth note, or below his third note: and, to ascertain on what particular pitch the lowest natural note of the voice is, pronounce the word awe, by prolonging it, without feeling; and to get the upper one, sound eel, strongly. Proverbs. 1. A word-is enough to the wise. 2. It is easier to resist our bad passions at first, than afte indulgence. 3. Jokes-are bad coin to all but the jocular. 4. You may find your worst enemy, or best friend-in yourself. 5. Every one has his hobby. 6. Fools-have liberty to say what they please. 7. Give every one his due. 64. Vocal Music. In the vowel sounds 8. He who wants content, cannot find it in an of our language, are involved all the ele-easy chair. 9. Ill-will never spoke well. 10. ments of music; hence, every one who Lawyer's gowns are lined with the wilfulness of wishes, can learn to sing. These eight their clients. 11. Hunger-is an excellent sauce. vowels, when naturally sounded, by a de- 12. I confide, and am at rest. veloped voice, will give the intonations of the notes in the scale, as follows, com-given them of growing wise, but not equalTrue Wisdom. All have the faculty mencing at the bottom. late in eel, 8 1st i in Isle, 7 2do in ooze, 6 0 C note O-8-la-High. Tone. ly wise: by which faculty is not meant the ability to reason about truth and goodness from the sciences, and thus of confirming whatever any one pleases; but that of discerning what is true, choosing what is suitable, and applying it to the various uses of life. He is not the richest man, who is able to comprehend all about making money, and can count millions of dollars; but he, who -O-Gnote O-5-la-Medium. is in possession of millions, and makes a proper use of them. -O-A note Tone. 1st o in old, 5 Tone. Half tone. Varieties. 1. Does not life-beget life, and death-generate death? 2. The man, who is always complaining, and bewailing 1st a in ale, 3—0— Enote 0-3-la-Medium. his misfortunes, not only feeds his own mis 2d a in ar, 2 3d a in all, 1 Tone. 0-D note Tone. O-C note 0-1-la-Low. 65. This Diatonic Scale of eight notes, (though there are but seven, the eighth being a repetition of the first,) comprehends five whole tones, and two semi, or half tones. An erect ladder, with seven rounds, is a good representation of it; it stands on the ground, or floor, which is the tonic, or first note; the first round is the second note, or supertonic; the second round is the third note, or mediant; the third round, is the fourth note, or subdominant; between which, and the second round, there is a semitone; the fourth round is the fifth note, or dominant; the fifth round is the sixth note, or submediant; the sixth round is the seventh note, or subtonic; and the seventh round is the eighth note, or octave. Keep one consistent plan-from end-to end. 4. ery, but wearies and disgusts others., 3. Walk with thy fellow creatures: note the husk 66. The twenty-eight consonant Proverbs. 1. Gentüity, sent ic market, will sounds. For the purpose of still farther not buy even a peck of corn. 2 He, that is developing and training the voice, and ear, warm, thinks others so. 3. A true friend-should for reading, speaking, and singing, a system-venture, sometimes, to be a little offensive. 4. It atic, and thorough practice, on the twenty- is easy to take a man's part; but the difficulty is eight consonants, is absolutely essential: in to maintain it. 5. Misfortunes-seldom come which exercises, it is of the first importance, alone. 6. Never quit certainty-for hope. 7. One to make the effort properly, and observe the exact positions of the organs. These consonants are either single, double, or triple; ard some of them are vocal sounds, (sub-tonics, or sub-vowels,) others, merely aspirates, breath sounds or atonics: let them be analyzed and presented according to their natures, and uses. beats the bush, and another—catches the bird. 8. Plough, or not plough,-you must pay your rent. 9. Rome-was not built in a day. 10. Seck till you find, and you will not lose your labor. 11. An oak-is not felled by one stroke. 12. A display of courage-often causes real cowardice. Party Spirit. The spirit of party-unquestionably, has its source in some of the 67. B has but one sound, which is native passions of the heart; and free gov its name sound: BA; baa, ball, bat; be, beg; bide, bid; bode, boon, boss; bute, buss, brute; boil, bound; a rob-in im ernments naturally furnish more of its ali ment, than those under which liberty of speech, and of the press is restrained, by the bibed blub-bers from a bob-bin, [B in BA.] strong arm of power. But so naturally does and gob-bled for cab-bage; the rob-ber blab- and remorseless is it in its excess; so ruthless party run into extremes; so unjust, cruel, bed bar-ba-rous-ly, and bam-boo-zled the tab-by na-bob; Ja-cob dab-bled in rib- is the war which it wages against private bons, and played hob-nob with a cob-ler; character; so unscrupulous in the choice the bab-oon ba-by gab-bled its gib-ber-ish, of means for the attainment of selfish ends; and made a hub-bub for its bib and black- so sure is it, eventually, to dig the grave of ber-ries; the rab-ble's hob-by is, to brow-those free institutions of which it pretends beat the bram-ble bushes for bil-ber-ries, and to be the necessary accompaniments; so inev bribe the boo-by of his bom-has-tic black-itably does it end in military despotism, and bird. 68. By obtaining correct ideas of the sounds of our letters, and their influences over each other; of the meaning and pronunciation of words, and their power over the understanding and will of man, when properly arranged into sentences, teeming with correct thought and genuine feeling, I may, with proper application and exercise, become a good reader, speaker, and writer. Notes. 1. To get the vocal sound of b, speak its name, be, and then make a strong effort to pronounce it again, compress ing the lipe closely; and the moment you give the sound of be, when you get to e, stop, and you will have the right sound; or, pronounce ub, in the usual way, then, with the teeth shut, and the lips very close, prolonging the last sound; and, in both cases, let Bone of the sound of b, come into the mouth, or pass through the Bose. 2. It was in analyzing and practicing the sounds of the letters, and the different pitches and qualities of voice, that the author became acquainted with the principles of VENTRILOQUISM, (or vocal modulation, as it should be called,) which art is perfectly simple, and can be acquired and practiced by almost any one of common organization. Begin by swallowing the sound, suppress ing and depressing it. 3. B is silent in delt, sult-le, doult, lamb, sɔmb, dumb, thumb, limb, crumb, subt-le-ty, suc-cumb, bdell-ium. Anecdote. A beautiful English countess said, that the most agreeable compliment she ever had paid her, was from a sailor in the street; who looked at her, as if fascinated, and exclaimed, “Bless me! let me light my pipe at your eyes." We risc-in glory, as we sink-in pride ; The true, and only friend-is he, how the voice and influence of a good man unmitigated tyrany; that I do not know could, with more propriety, be exerted, than in the effort to assuage its violence. Varieties. 1. Are our ideas innate, or ac- And they tell, in a garland, their love and cares; ers, On its leaves, a mystic language bears; Then gather a wreath from the garden bowers, 69. These arts, like all others, are made | up of many little things; if I look well to them, all difficulties will vanish, or be easily overcome. Every youth ought to blush at the thought, of REMAINING ignorant, of the first principles of his native language. I can do almost ANY thing, if I only think so, and try; therefore, let me not say I CAN'T; but I WILL. 70. C has four regular sounds: first, name sound, or that of s, before e, i, and y; cede, ci-on, cypress; rec-i-pe for cel-i-ba-cy in the cit-y of Cin-cin-na-ti is Proverbs. 1. Building is a sweet impov. erishing. 2. Unmanliness—is not so impolite, ag over-politeness. 3. Death-is deaf, and hears no denial. 4. Every good scholar is not a good schoolmaster. 5. Fair words break no bones; but foul words many a one. 6. He, who has not bread to spare, should not keep a dog. 7. If you had fewer pretended friends, and more enemies, you would have been a better man. 3. Lean liberty-is better than fat slavery. 9. Much coin-much care; much meat-much malady. 10. The submitting to one wrong-often brings another. 11. Consult your purse, before you do fancy: 12. Do what you ought, come what will a fas-ci-nat-ing sol-ace for civ-il (c in CEDE.) BO-ci-e-ty; Cic-e-ro and Ce-cil-i-as, with tac-it re-ci-proc-i-ty di-lac-er-ate the a-cid Anecdote. The Psalter. The Rev. Mr. pam-ice with the fa-cile pin-cers of the M-, paid his devoirs to a lady, who was previce-ge-rency; the a-ces-cen-cy of the cit-possessed in favor of a Mr. Psalter: her parrons in the pla-cid cel-lar, and the im-bec-ile tiality being very evident, the former took lic-o-rice on the cor-nice of the prec-i-pice occasion to ask, (in a room full of company,) ex-cite the dis-ci-pline of the doc-ile di-oc-« Pray Miss, how far have you got in your Psalter ?" The lady archly replied,—As far e-san. 71. Lisping-is caused by permitting the tongue to come against, or between the front teeth, when it should not; thus, substituting the breath sound of TH for that of s or SH. This bad habit may be avoided or overcome by practicing the above and similar combinations, with the teeth closely and firmly set not allowing the tongue to press against the teeth, nor making the effort too near the front part of the mouth. The object to be attained is worthy of great efforts: many can be taught to do a thing, in a proper manner, which they would never find out of themselves. 72. Irregulars. S often has this sound; rise and pro-gress. The pre-cise Sal-lust, starts on stilts, and assists the earths in the u-ni-verse for con-science' sake: he spits base brass and subsists on stripes; the ma-gis-trates sought; So-lus boasts he twists the texts and suits the several sects; the strong masts stood still in the finest streets of Syr-a-cuse; Se-sos-tris, still strutting, persists the Swiss ship is sunk, while sweetness sits smiling on the lips. Swan swam over the sea; well swum swan; swan swam back again; well swum swan. Sam Slick sawed six sleek slim slippery saplings. Amidst the mists he thrusts his fists against the posts, and insists he sees the ghosts in Sixth street. Notes. 1. S has the above sound, at the beginning of words, and other situations, when preceded or followed by an rupt, or a breath consonant. 2. To make this aspirate, place the organs as in the engraving, and begin to whisper the word see; cut give none of the sound of e. Never permit sounds to coalesce, that ought to be heard distinctly; hosts, costs, &c. 4. Don't let tho teeth remain together an instant, after the sound is made; rather not bring them quite together. 5. C is siient in the follow ing: Czar, arbuscles, victuals, Czarina, (i long e,) muscle, indicta le, and second e in Connecticut. Hear, then, my argument; confess we must, as "Blessed is the man." Book Keeping-is the art of keeping accounts by the way of debt and credit. It teaches us all business transactions, in an exact manner, so that, at any time, the true state of our dealings may be easily known. Its principles are simple, its conclusions natural and certain, and the proportion of its parts complete. The person, who buys or receives, is Dr. (Debtor,) the one who sells, or parts with any thing, is Cr. (Creditor :) that is, Dr. means your charges against the pe: son; and Cr. his against you therefore, when you sell an article, in charging it, say, “To so and so," (mentioning the article, weight, quantity, number, amount, &c.) "so much:" but when you buy, or receive any thing, in giving credit for it, say, By so and so; men tioning particulars as before. A knowledge of Book-keeping is important to every one who is engaged in any kind of business; and it must be evident, that for the want of it-many losses have been sustained, great injustice done, and many law-suits entailed. Varieties. 1. Ought lotteries to be abolished? 2. Carking cares, and anxious apprehensions are injurious to body and mind. 3. A good education-is a young man's best capital. 4. He, that is slow to wrath, is better than the mighty. 5. Three difficult things are to keep a secret, to forget an injury, and make good use of leisure hours. 6. If one speaks from an evil affection, he may influence, but not enlighten; he may cause blind acquiescence, but not actum from a conscious sense of right. 7. Men have just so much of life in them, as they have of pure truth and its good-implanted and growing in them. Would you live an angel's days? Notes. 1. To produce this guteral aspirate, whisper the imaginary word hu,(u short;) or the word book, in a whispering voice, and the last sound is the one required: the posterer, or root of the tongue being pressed against the uvula, or veil of the and their peculiar sounds. In giving the names of consonants, palate. 2. Observe the difference between the names of .etter 73. A perfect knowledge of these elementary and combined sounds, is essential to my becoming a good elocutionist, and is an excellent preparation for studying any of the modern languages: I must master them, or I cannot succeed in acquiring a distinct, appropriate, graceful and effective sound; thus, we call the letter C by the name see; but the ee enunciation; but resolution, self-exertion make no part of its sound, which is simply a hiss, made by forc and perseverance are almost omnipotent: Iing the air from the lungs, through the teeth, when they are shut, will try them and see. we use one, or more vowels, which make no part of the consonant as indicated by the engraving; similar facts attend the other consonants. 3. H, is silent before n-as the knavish knight knuckle Gh have this sound in lough, (lock, a lake; Irish;) hough, (hsch joint of a hind leg of a beast.) Proverbs. 1. Every dog has his day, and every man his hour. 2. Forbid à fool a thing, and he'll do it. 3. He must rise betimes, that would please every body. 4. It is a long lane that has no turning. 5. Judge not of a ship, as she lies on the stocks. 6. Let them laugh that win. 7. No great loss but there is some small gain. 8. Never too old to learn. 9. No condition so low, but may have hopes; and none so high, but may have fears. 10. The wise mar thinks he knows but little; the fool-thinks he knows all. 11. Idleness-is the mother of vice. 12. When liquor is in, sense--is out. 74. The second sound of C, is hard, and kneeled to the knit knobs of the knees' knick-knacks, &c. ; or like k, before a, o, u, k, l, r, t; and generally at the end of words and syllables. Came, car, call, cap; cove, coon, cot; cute cut, crude; coil, cloud; Clark comes to catch clams, crabs and [C in CAR.] craw-fish to cram his cow; the croak-ing scep-tic, in rac-coon moc-a-sins, suc-cumbs to the arc-tic spec-ta-cle, and ac-com-modates his ac-counts to the oc-cult stuc-co of the e-clip-tic; the crowd claims the clocks, and climbs the cliffs to clutch the crows that craunched the bu-col-ics of the mi-cro-cosm. 75. The chest should be comparatively quiescent, in breathing, speaking and singing; and the dorsal and abdominal muscles be principally used for these purposes. All children are naturally right, in this particular; but they become perverted, during their primary education: hence, the author introduces an entirely new mode of learning the letters, of spelling, and of teaching to read without a book, and then with a book; the same as we learn to talk. The effort to produce sounds, and to breathe, must be made from the lower muscles, above alluded to: thus by the practice of expelling, (not exploding) the vowel sounds, we return to truth and nature. Anecdote. William Penn-and Thomas Story, on the approach of a shower, took shelter in a tobacco -house; the owner of which-happened to be within: he said to the traveler,-"You enter without leave ;do you know who I am? I am a Justice of the Peace." To which Mr. Story replied"My friend here-makes such things as thee;-he is Governor of Pennsylvania." it is the onward tendency of things, controlled by Divine Providence: onward they must go; and, in time, they will be blessed with a clearness of vision, that will leave them at no loss for the whys and the where fores. forting, but encouraging, to think that Eternal Progress. It is not only commind-is awaking; that there is universal 76. Irregulars. Ch often have this progress. Men are borne onward,-whethsound; (the h is silent ;) also q and k-always er they will or not. It does not matter, when not silent; the queer co-quette kicks whether they believe that it is an impulse the chi-mer-i-cal ar-chi-tect, for cat-e-chi- from within, or above, that impels them forsing the crit-i-cal choir about the char-ward; or, whether they acknowledge that ac-ter of the chro-mat-ic cho-rus; Tich-icus Schenck, the quid-nunc me-chan-ic of Mu-nich, qui-et-ly quits the ar-chieves of the Tus-can mosque, on ac-count of the ca-cher-y of cac-o-tech-ny; the piq-uant erit-ic quaked at the quilt-ing, and asked ques-tions of the quorum of quil-ters. Varieties. 1. To pay great attention to 77. The expression of affection is the legitimate function of sound, which is an el-trifles, is a sure sign of a little mind. 2. ement prior to, and within language. The Which is worse, a bad education, or no eduaffections produce the varieties of sound, cation? 3. The mind must be occasionally whether of joy or of grief; and sound, in indulged with relaxation, that it may return speech, manifests both the quality and quan- to study and reflection with increased vigor. tity of the affection: hence, all the music is 4. Love, and love only, is the loan for love. in the vowel sounds: because, all music is 5. To reform measures, there must be a from the affectuous part of the mind, and change of men. 6. Sudden and violent vowels are its only mediums of manifesta- changes are not often productive of advan tion. As music proceeds from affection and is addressed to the affection, a person does tage-to either church, state or individual not truly sing, unless he sings from affec-7. True and sound reason-must ever action; nor does a person truly listen, and derive the greatest enjoyment from the music, unless he yields himself fully to the affection, which the music inspires. D cord with scripture: he who appeals to one, must appeal to the other; for the word within us, and the word without us-are one, and bear testimony to each other. 78. These principles must be faithfully 82. The perfeclun of music, as well as studied and practiced, with a particular refer- of speech, depends upon giving the full and ence to the expulsion of the short vowel free expression of our thoughts and affec sounds, and the prolongation of the long tions, so as to produce corresponding ones in ones; which exhibit quantity in its elementa- the minds of others. This is not the work of ry state. I must exercise my voice and mind, a day, a month, or a year; but of a life; for in every useful way, and labor to attain an it implies the full development of mind and intimate knowledge of my vocal and mental body. The present age presents only a fain capacity; then I shall be able to see any de- idea, of what music and oratory are capable fects, and govern myself accordingly. of becoming; for we are surrounded, and loaded, with almost as many bad habits (which prevent the perfect cultivation of humanity,) as an Egyptian mummy is of folda of linen. Let the axe of truth, of principle, be laid at the root of every tree that does not bring forth good fruit. Which do we like better-error, or truth? 79. The third sound of C, is like that of Z: suffice; the discerner at sice, dis-cern-i-bly dis-cerns discern-i-ble things with dis-cern-ing dis-cern-ment, and dis-cern-i-bleness; the sac-ri-fi-cer, in sac-ri-fi- [C in SICE.] cing, sac-ri-fi-ces the sac-ri-fice on the altar of sac-ri-fice, and suf-fi-ceth the law of sacri-fice. These are nearly all the words in our language, in which c, sounds like z. Anecdote. Doctor-'em. A physician, having been out gaming, but without success, his servant said, he would go into the next field, and if the birds were there, he would 'doctor-'em.' "Doctor-'em,-what do you Proverbs. 1. A man may be strong, and not mow well. 2. It is easier to keep out a bad associate, than to get rid of him, after he has been admitted. 3. Consider well what you do, 80. Vowels are the mediums of convey- whence you come, and whither you go. 4. Eving the affections, which impart life and ery fool can find faults, that a great many wise warmth to speech; and consonants, of the men cannot mend. 5. He who follows his own thoughts, which give light and form to it; advice, must take the consequences. 6. In giv. hence, all letters that are not silent, shoulding, and taking, it is easy mistaking. 7. Letters be given fully and distinctly. The reason do not blush. 8. Murder-will out. 9. Nothing why the brute creation cannot speak, is, be- that is violent—is permanent. 10. Old foxes want cause they have no understanding, as men no tutors. 11. The first chapter of fools is, to have; consequently, no thoughts, and of esteem themselves wise. 12. God-tempers the course, no articulating organs: therefore, wind-to the shorn lamb. they merely sound their affections, instead of speaking them; being guided and influenced by instinct, which is a power given them for their preservation and continuance. 81. Irregulars. S, Z, and X, sometimes are thus pronounced; as, the pres-i-dent re-mean by that?" inquired his master: signs his is-o-la-ted hou-ses, and ab-solves the grea-sy hus-sars of Is-lam-ism; the puz-zler puz-zles his brains with na-sal pains, buz-zes about the trees as much as he plea-ses, and re-sumes the zig-zag giz-zards of Xerx-es with dis-sol-ving huz-zas; Xan-thus and Xen-o-phon dis-band the pis-mires, which dis-dain to dis-guise their dis-mal phiz-es with their gris-ly beards; Zion's zeal breathes zeph-yrs upon the paths of truths, where resides the soul, which loves the tones of music coming up from Nat-ure's res-o-nant tem-ples. Notes. 1. This vocal diphthongal sound is made by clos ing the teeth, as in making the name sound of C, and producing the 2d sound of a in the larynx, ending with a hissing sound; or it may be made by drawing out the sound of z in zest. 2. S, following a vocal consonant, generally sounds like Z: tubs, adds; egga; needs; pens; cars, &c. ; but following an aspirate, or breath consonant, it sounds like e in cent, facts, tips, muffs, cracks, &c. Would you taste the tranquil scene? And much it 'vails you—in their place, Be always as merry as ever you can, "Why, kill 'em, to be-sure,"-replied the servant. Varieties. 1. Which has caused most evil, intemperance, war, or famine? 2. Power, acquired by guilty means, never was, and never will be exercised-to pro mote good ends. 3. By applying ourselves diligently to any art, science, trade, or profession, we become expert in it. 4. To be fond of a great variety of dishes-is a sure proof of a perverted stomach. 5. Prosperity often leads persons to give way to their passions, and causes them to forget whence they came, what they are, and whither they are going. 6. Evil persons-asperse the characters of the good, by malicious tales 7. Every man and woman have a goodproper to them, which they are to perfect and fill up. To do this-is all that is re quired of them; they need not seek to be in the state of another. In pleasure's dream, or sorrow's hour, Who more than he is worth doth spen†, |