46. By ANALYSIS-sounds, syllables,| words, and sentences are resolved into their constituent parts; to each is given its own peculiar sound, force, quality, and meaning; and thus, every shade of vocal coloring, of thought and feeling, may be seen and felt. By SYNTHESIS, these parts are again re-united, and presented in all their beautiful and harmonious combinations, exhibiting all the varieties of perception, thought, and emotion, that can be produced by the human mind. 47. The second sound of U is short: UP; an ul-tra numb-skull is a mur-ky scul-lion; she urged her cour-te-ous hus-band to coup-le himself to a tre-mendous tur-tle; the coun-try urchin pur-chased a bunch of [U in UP.] Proverbs. 1. Like the dog in the maager, he will neither do, nor let do. 2. Many a slip between the cup and lip. 3. No great loss, u there is some small gain. 4. Nothing venture nothing have. 5. One half the world knows not how the other half lives. 6. One story is good 7. Pride-goes before, and till another is told. shame-follows after. 8. Saying and doing, are two things. 9. Some-are wise, and come-are is full of other folk's money. 11. Common fams is generally considered a liar. 12. No weapon, but truth; no law, but love. otherwise. 10. That is but an empty purse, that Anecdote. Lawyer's Mistake When the regulations of West Boston bridge were drawn up, by two famous lawyers, one section, it is said, was written, accepted, and now stands thus: "And the said proprietors shall meet mush and tur-nips, with an ef-ful-gent duc-annually, on the first Tues-day of June; at, and burst with the bulk of fun, because the um-pire de-murr-ed at the suc-co-tash. 48. Lord Mansfield, when quite young, used to recite the orations of Demosthenes, on his native mountains; he also practised before Mr. Pope, the poet, for the benefit of his criticisms; and the consequence was, his melodious voice and graceful diction, made as deep an impression, as the beauties of his style and the excellence of his matter; which obtained for him the appellation of the silver-toned Murray.” provided, the same does not fall on Sunday.” Habits. If parents-only exercised the same forethought, and judgment, about the education of their children, as they do in reference to their shoemaker, carpenter, joiner, or even gardener, it would be much bet ter for these precious ones. In all cases, what is learned, should be learned well: to do which, good teachers should be preferred to cheap ones. Bad habits, once learned, are not easily corrected: it is better to learn one thing well, and thoroughly, than many things wrong, or imperfectly. Varieties. 1. Is pride-an indication of talent? 2. A handsome woman-pleases the eye; but a good woman the heart: the former-is a jewel; the latter—a living treå sure. 3. An ass-is the gravest beast; an owl-the gravest bird. 4. What a pity it is, when we are speaking of one who is beautiful and gifted, that we cannot add, that he or she is good, happy, and innocent! 5. Don't rely too much on the torches of others; light one of your own. 6. Ignorance is like a blank sheet of paper, on which we may write; but error-is like a scribbled one. 7. All that the natural sun is to the natural 49. Irregulars. A, E, I, O, and Y, occasionally have this sound: the wo-man's hus-band's clerk whirled his com-rade into a bloody flood for mirth and mon-ey; sir squirrel does nothing but shove on-ions up the col-lan-der; the sov-reign monk has just come to the col-ored mon-key, quoth my won-dering mother; this sur-geon bumbs the hor-ror-stricken bed-lam-ites, and covets the com-pa-ny of mar-tyrs and rob-bers, to plan-der some tons of cous-ins of their gloves, com-fort, and hon-ey; the bird envel-ops some worms and pome-gran-ates in its stom-ach, a-bove the myr-tle, in front of the tavern, thus, tres-pass ing on the cov-er-ed vi-ands; the wan-ton sex-ton encom-pass-es the earth with gi-ant whirl. winds, and plun-ges its sons into the bot-world, that is the Lord-to his spiritual tom-less o-cean with his shov-el. Notes. 1. E and U, final, are silent in such words as, bague, vague, eclogue, synagogue, plague, catalogue, rogue, demagogue, &c. 2. Do justice to every letter and word, and as soon think of stepping backward and forward in walking, as to reproturce your words in reading: nor should you call the words incorrectly, any sooner than you would put on your shoes for your tat, or your bonnet for your shawl. 3. When e or i precedes one r. in the same syllable, it generally has this sound: berth, mirth, beard, vir-gin, &c., see N. p. 22. 4. Sometimes r is double in sound, though written single. Could we-with ink-the ocean fill, creation and world, in which are our minds- Our birth-is but a sleep, and a forgetting; Not in entire forgetfulness, But trailing clouds of glory-do we come And 'tis remarkable, that they Talk most, that have the least to say. To write the tricks-of half the sex, Would drink the ocean dry : Gallants, beware, look sharp, take care, Pity is the virtue of the law, And none but tyrants--use it cruelly. 'Tis the first sanction, nature gave to man Each other to assist, in what they can. 50. It is not the quantity read, but the manner of reading, and the acquisition of correct and efficient rules, with the ability to apply them, accurately, gracefully, and involuntarily, that indicate progress in these arts: therefore, take one principle, or combination of principles, at a time, and practice it till the object is accomplished: in this way, you may obtain a perfect mastery over your vocal powers, and all the elements of language. لطاها 51. The third sound of U is Full PULL; cru-el Bru-tus rued the crude fruit bruised for the pudding; the pru-dent ru-ler wounded this youth-ful cuck-oo, because he would, could, or should not im-brue his hands in Ruth's gru-el, pre-par'd for a faith-ful (U in FULL] dru-id; the butch-er's bul-let push-ed poor puss on the sin-ful cush-ion, and graceful-ly put this tru-ant Prus-sian into the pul-pit for cru-ci-fix-ion. Proverbs. 1. Away goes the devil when the door is shut against him. 2. A liar is not to be believed when he speaks the truth. 3. Never speak ill of your neighbors. 4. Constant occupation, prevents temptation. 5. Courage-ought to have eyes, as well as ears. 6. Experiencekeeps a dear school, but fools will learn in no other. 7. Follow the wise few, rather than the foolish many. 8. Good actions are the best sacrifice. 9. He who avoids the temptation, avoids the sin. 10. Knowledge-directs practice, yet practice increases knowledge. Duties. Never cease to aval yourself of information: you must observe closelyread attentively and digest what you read,converse extensively with high and low, rich and poor, noble and ignoble, bond and free,meditate closely and intensely on all the knowledge you acquire, and have it at perfect command. Obtain just conceptions of all you utter-and communicate every thing in its proper order, and clothe it in the most 52. Avoid rapidity and indistinctness agreeable and effective language. Avoid all of utterance; also, a drawling, mincing, redundancy of expression; be neither too harsh, mouthing, artificial, rumbling, mo- close, nor too diffuse,-and, especially, be as notonous, whining, stately, pompous, un-perfect as possible, in that branch of oratory, varied, wavering, sleepy, boisterous, labored, formal, faltering, trembling, heavy, theatrical, affected, and self-complacent manner; and read, speak, sing, in such a clear, strong, melodious, flexible, winning, bold, sonorous, forcible, round, full, open, brilliant, natural, agreeable, or mellow tone, as the sentiment requires; which contains in itself so sweet a charm, that it almost atones for the absence of argument, sense, and fancy. which Demosthenes declared to be the first, second, and third parts of the science,―ac tion,-god-like ACTION,-which relates to every thing seen and heard in the orator. Elocution,-enables you, at all times, to command attention: its effect will be electric, and strike from heart to heart; and he must be a mere declaimer, who does not feel hims self inspired-by the fostering meed of such approbation as mute attention, and the re turn of his sentiments, fraught with the sym 53. Irregulars. Ew, O, and Oo, occasionally have this sound: the shrewd wo-pathy of his audience. man es-chewed the wolf, which stood pulling Ruth's wol-sey, and shook Tru-man Wor-ces-ter's crook, while the brew-er and his bul-ly crew huz-za'd for all; you say it is your truth, and I say it is my truth; you may take care of your-self, and I will take care of my-self. Notes. 1. Beware of omitting vowels occurring between ensonants in unaccented syllables: as hist'ry, for his-to-ry; lit'ral for Lu-e-ral; vot'ry, for vo-la-ry; pastral, for pas-to-ral; numb'ring, for num-ber-ing; corp'ral, for cor-po-ral; gen'ral, for gen-e-ral; mem'ry, for mem-o-ry, &c. Do not pronounce this sound of u like oo in Loon, nor like u in mute; but like u in full: as, chew, not choo, &c. 2. The design of the practice on the forty-four sounds of our letters, each in its turn, is, besides developing and training the voice and ear for all their duties, to exhibit the general laws and analogies of pronunciation, showing how a large number of werds should be pronounced, which are often spoken incorrectly. Anecdote. Stupidity. Said a testy lawver,-"I believe the jury have been inoculared for stupidity." "That may be," replied nus opponent; "but the bar, and the court, are of opinion, that you had it the natural way." (there are hours, aye moments, that contain Varieties. 1. Have steamboats-been They are sleeping! Who are sleeping One remains, that slumber deep, Proverbs. 1. Home is home, if it be ever so 54. A Diphthong, or double sound, is the union of two vowel sounds in one syllable, homely. 2. It is too late to complain when a thing pronounced by a single continuous effort of is done. 3. In a thousand pounds of law, there is the voice. There are four diphthongal not an ounce of love. 4. Many a true word is sounds, in our language; long i as in isle; spoken in jest. 5. One man's meat is another oi, in oil; the pure, or long sound of u in man's poison. f Pride, perceiving kumility – lure, and ou in our; which include the same HONORABLE, often borrows her cloke. 7. Saysounds under the forms of long y in rhyme; well-is good; but do-well-is better. 8. The of oy in coy; of ew in pew; and ow in how. eye, that sees all things, sees not itself. 9. The These diphthongs are called pure, because crow-thinks her own birds the whitest. 10. The they are all heard; and in speaking and tears of the congregation are the praises of the singing, only the radical, (or opening full-minister. 11. Evil to him that evil thinks. 12. ness of the sound,) should be prolonged, or Do good, if you expect to receive good. sung. [OI in OIL.] 55. Diphthongs. Oi and Oy: OIL, broil the joint of loin in poi-son and oint-ment; spoil not the oysters for the hoy-den; the boy pitch-es quoits a-droit-ly on the soil, and sub-joins the joists to the pur-loins, and em-ploys the de-stroy'd toi-let to soil the reser-voir, lest he be cloy'd with his me-moirs. 56. The late Mr. Pitt, (Lord Chatham,) was taught to declaim, when a mere boy; and was, even then, much admired for his talent in recitation: the result of which was, that his ease, grace, power, self-possession, and imposing dignity, on his first appearance in the British Parliament, "drew audience and attention, still as night;" and the irresistible force of his action, and the power of his eye, carrried conviction with nis arguments. Notes. 1. The radical, or root of this diphthong, commences nearly with 3d a, as in all, and its vanish, or terminating point, with the name sound of e, as in cel; the first of which is indicated by the engraving above. 2. Avoid the vulgar pronunciation of ile, for oil; jice, for joist; pint, for point; bile, for boil; fint, for jount; hist, for hoist; spile, for spoil; quate, for quoit; pur-line, for pur-loin; pi-zen, for poi-son; brile, for broil; ciyde, for cloyed, &c.: this sound, especially, when given with the jaw ruuch dropped, and rounded lips, has in it a captivating nobleness; but beware of extremes. 3. The general rule for pronouncing the sowels is they are open, continuous, or long, when final in accented words and syllables; as a-ble, father, aw-ful, me-tre, bible, are shat, discrete, or short, when followed in the same syllable by nable, moo-ted, tu-mult, bru-tal, poi-son, ou-ter-most; but they a cousonant; as, ap-ple, sev-er, lit-tle, pol-ter, but-ton, sym-pa-thy. Examples of exceptions-ale, are, all, file, note, tune, &c. 4. Another general rule is a vowel followed by two consonants, that are repeated in the pronunciation, is short: as, mat-ter, ped-kar, liter, but-ler, &c. Our Food. The laws of man's const.tu tion and relation evidently show us, that the plainer, simpler and more natural our food is, the more pefectly these laws will be fulfilled, and the more healthy, vigorous, and long-lived our bodies will be, and consequently the more perfect our senses will be, and the more active and powerful may the intellectual and moral faculties be rendered by cultivation. By this, is not meant that we should eat grass, like the ox, or confine ourselves to any one article of food: by simple food, is meant that which is not compounded, and complicated, and dressed with pungent stimulants, seasoning, or condiments; such kind of food as the Creator designed for us, and in such condition as is best adapted to our anatomical and physiological powers. Some kinds of food are better than others, and adapted to sustain us in every condition; and such, whatever they may be, (and we should ascertain what they are,) should constitute our sustenance: thus shall we the more perfectly fulfil the laws of our being, and secure our best interests. Varieties. 1. Was Eve, literally, made Out of Adam's rib? 2. He is doubly a conqueror, who, when a conqueror, can conquer himself. 3. People may be borne down by oppression for a time; but, in the end, vengeance will surely overtake their oppres 4. It is a great misfortune-not to be able to speak well; and a still greater one. not to know when to be silent. 5. In the hours of study, acquire knowledge that will be useful in after life. 6. Nature-reflects Anecdote. The king's evil. A student the light of revelation, as the moon does of medicine, while attending medical lec- that of the sun. 7. Religion-is to be as tures in London, and the subject of this evil much like God, as men can be like him: being on hand, observed-"that the king's hence, there is nothing more contrary to evil had been but little known in the Unit-religion, than angry disputes and conten ed States, since the Revolution. They are sleeping! Who are sleeping > Gems and pearls-of price untold. tions about it. The pilgrim fathers-where are they? The waves, that brought them o'er, By reason, man-a Godhead can discern : PRINCIPLES OF ELOCUTION. 57. There are no impure diphthongs or triphthongs, in which two or three vowels you lie in it. 2. Be the character you would be Proverbs. 1. As you make your bed, so must represent, or unite, in one sound; for all are called. 3. Choose a calling, th❜t is adapted to your silent except one; as in air, aunt, awl, piard, inclination, and natural abilities. 4. Live-and steal, lead, curtain, soar, good, your, cough, let live; i. e. do as you would be done by. 5 feu-dal, dun-geon, beau-ty, a-dieu, view-ing. Character-is the measure of the man. 6. ZealThese silent letters, in connection with the ously keep down little expenses, and you will vocals, should be called di-graphs and tri- not be likely to incur large ones. 7. Every one graphs; that is, doubly and triply written: knows how to find fault. 8. Fair words and they sometimes merely indicate the sound foul play cheat both young and old. 9. Give a of the accompanying vowel, and the deriva-dog an ill name, and he will soon be shot 1. He tion of the word. Let me beware of believ-knows best what is good, who has endured eru. ing anything, unless I can see that it is true: and for the evidence of truth, I will look at 11. Great pains and little gains, soon make man the truth itself. weary. 12. The fairest rose will wither a tast. Cause and Effect. The evils, which 58. Diphthongs; Ou, and Ow: OUR; afflict the country, are the joint productions [OU in OUR] Mr. Brown wound an ounce of sound a-round a cloud, and drowned a mouse in pound of sour chow-der; a drow-sy mouse de-vour'd a house and howl'd a pow-wow a-bout the moun-tains; the gou-ty l crouched in his tow-er, and the scowl-ing cow bowed down de-vout-ly in her bow-er; the giour (jower) en-shroud-ed in pow-er, en-dow-ed the count's prow-ess with a renown'd trow-el, and found him with a stout gown in the coun-ty town. of all parties and all classes. They have been produced by over-banking, over-trading, over-spending, over-dashing, over-driving, over-reaching, over-borrowing, over. eating, over-drinking, over-thinking, overevery kind and description, except over playing, over-riding, and over-acting of working. Industry is the foundation of so ciety, and the corner-stone of civilization. states of mind and life: if we are in the love Recipients. We receive according to our 59. Demosthenes, the Grecian orator, come the receivers of them in that propor and practice of goodness and truth, we bepaid many thousands to a teacher in Elocution; but if otherwise, we form receptacles tion; and Cicero, the Roman orator, after of their opposites,-falsity and evil. When having completed his education, in other respects, spent two whole years in recitation, we are under heavenly influences, we know under one of the most celebrated tragedi- that all things shall work together for our ans of antiquity. Brutus declared, that he happiness; and when under infernal influ would prefer the honor, of being esteemed ences, they will work together for our misthe master of Roman eloquence, to the glo-ery. Let us then choose, this day, whom we ry of many triumphs. in consists the art of happiness, and the art will serve; and then shall we know-where of misery. 60. Notes. 1. Ou and ow are the only representatives of this dipththongal sound; the former generally in the middle worde, and the latter at the end: in blow, show, and low, w is silent. 2. There are 12 mono-thongal vowels, or single voice sounds, and 4 diph-thongal vowels, or double voice sounds: these are heard in isle, tune, oil and out. 5. There is a very incorrect a! offensive sound given by some to this diphthong, particularly in the Northern states, in consequence of drawing the corners of the mouth back, and keeping the teeth too close, while pronouncing it; it may be called a flat, nasal sound: in song it is worse than in speech. It may be represented as follows-heou, neou, wenn, pecur, deoun, keounty, shower, &c. Good natured, laughing people, living in cold climates, where they wish to keep the mouth nearly closed, when talking, are often guilty of this vulcarity. It may be avoided by opening the mouth wide, projecting the under jaw and making the sound deep in the throat. Anecdote. Woman as she should be. A young woman went into a public library, in a certain town, and asked for "Man as he is." "That is out, Miss," said the librarian; "but we have 'Woman as she should be." took the book and the hint too. Where are the heroes of the ages past: She Where the brave chieftains-where the mighty the human mind has thought of another The only prison, th❜t enslaves the soul, 59. Reading-by vowel sounds only, is Proverbs. 1. A man is as better for liking analagous to singing by note, instead of by himself, if nobody else likes him. 2. A white word. This is an exceedingly interesting glove often conceals a dirty hand. 3. Better pass and important exercise: it is done, simply, at once, than to be always in danger. 4. Misunby omitting the consonants, and pronounc-derstanding s-are often best prevented, by pen ing the vowels, the same as in their respec- and ink. 5. Knowledge is treasure, and memory tive words First, ronounce one or more words, and then re-pronounce them, and leave off the consonants. The VOWELS constitute the ESSENCE of words, and the coNSONANTS give that material the proper FORM. is the treasury. 6. Crosses-are ladders, leading to heaven. 7. Faint praise, is disparagement 8. Deliver me from a person, who can talk only on one subject. 9. He who peeps throgh a keyhole may see what will ve him. 10. If shrevá men play the fooi, they do it with a vengeance. like chickens, generally come home to roost. 60 All the vowel sounds, thrice told,-11. Physicians rarely take medicines. 12. Curses, James Parr; Hall Mann; Eve Prest; Ike Sill; Old Pool Forbs; Luke Munn Bull; Hoyle Prout-ate palms walnuts apples, peaches melons, ripe figs, cocoas goosberries hops, cucumbers prunes, and boiled sour-crout, to their entire satisfaction. Ale, ah, all, at; eel, ell; isle, ill; old, ooze, on; mute, up, full; oil, ounce. Now repeat all these vowel sounds consecutively,: A, A, A, A; E, E; I, I; 0, 0, 0; U, U, U; Oi. Ou. 61. Elocution-comprehends Expulsion of Sound, Articulation, Force, Time, Pronunciation, Accent, Pauses, Measure and Melody of Speech, Rhythm, Emphasis, the Eight Notes, Intonation, Pitch, Inflexions, Circumflexes. Cadences, Dynamics, Modulation, Style, the Passions, and Rhetorical Action. Reading and Speaking are inseparably connected with music; hence, every step taken in the former, according to this system, will advance one equally in the latter for Music is but an elegant and refined species of Elocution. was instigated to propose war against the Anecdote. A get-off. Henry the Fourth Protestants, by the importunity of his Parliament; whereupon, he declared that he would make every member a captain of a company in the army: the proposal was then unanimously negatived. Contrasts. Our fair ladies laugh at the Chinese ladies, for depriving themselves of the use of their feet, by tight shoes and bandages, and whose character would be ruined in the estimation of their associates, if they were even suspected of being able to walk while they, by the more danger. ous and destructive habits of tight-lacing, destroy functions of the body far more im portant, not only to themselves, but to their offspring; and whole troops of dandies, quite as taper-waisted, and almost as mus culine as their mothers, are the natural results of such a gross absurdity. If to be admired-is the motive of such a custom, it is a most paradoxical mode of accomplish62. CERTAIN VOWELS TO BE PRONOUNCED ing this end; for that which is destructive SEPARATELY. In reading the following, be of health, must be more destructive of beau very deliberate, so as to shape the sounds per-ty-that beauty, in a vain effort to preserve fectly, and give each syllable clearly and dis- which, the victims of this fashion have detinctly; and in all the ex-am-ples, here and voted themselves to a joyless youth, and a premature decrepitude, elsewhere, make those sounds, that are objects of attention, very prominent. Ba-al, the o-ri-ent a-e-ro-naut and cham-pi-on of fier-y scor-pi-ons, took his a-e-ri-al flight into the ge-o-met-ri-cal em-py-re-an, and dropped a beau-ti-ful vi-o-let into the Ap-pi-i Forum, where they sung hy-me-ne-al re-quiems; Be-el-ze-bub vi-o-lent-ly rent the va-rie-ga-ted di-a-dem from his zo-o-log-i-cal crani-um, and placed it on the Eu-ro-pe-an geni-i, to me-li-o-rate their in-cho-ate i-de-a of en-ring the pit-e-ous in-val-ids of Man-tu-a and Pom-pe-i, with the tri-en-ni-al pan-a-ce-a of no-ol-o-gy, or the lin-e-a-ment of a-ri-es. Notes. 1. The constituent diphthongal sounds of I are near. 34 a, and Iste; those of u, approach to 21 e, and 2d o: those of vi, to 3d a, and 24 i: and those of ou to 3d o, and 2d o: make and Analyze them, and observe the funnel shape of the lips, which change with the changing sounds in passing from the radicals to Varieties. 1. Is it best to divulge the truth to all, whatever may be their state of mind and life? 2. A good tale-is never the worse for being twice told. 3. Those who do not love any thing, rarely experience great enjoyments; those who do love, often suffer deer griefs. 4. The way to heaven is delightful to those who love to walk in it; and the difficulties we meet with in endeavoring to keep it, do not spring from the nature of the way, but from the state of the traveler. 5. He, who wishes nothing, will gain nothing. 6. It is good to know a great deal; but it is better to make a good use of what we do know. 7. Every day-brings forth something for the mind to be exercised on, either of a mental, or external character; and to be faithful in their vanishes 2. Preventives and curatives of incipient disease, it, and acquit ourselves with the advantage derived thereby, is both wisdom and duty Whether he knew things, or no, |