JOHN DE BEAUFORT, Earl of Somerset, who m. Margaret, dau. of Thomas Holand, Earl of Kent, and had a son, JOHN, Duke of Somerset, whose only dau. and heir, MARGARET, m. Edmund Tudor, Earl of Richmond, and was mother of King HENRY VII.

HENRY DE BEAUFORT, cardinal of St. Eusebeus, and bishop of Winchester.

THOMAS DE BEAUFORT, Earl of Dorset, and Duke of Exeter, d. s. p.

JOAN DE BEAUFORT, m. 1st, to Robert, Lord Ferrers, of Wemme, and 2ndly to Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmoreland.

These children were legitimated by act of parliament for all purposes, save succession to the throne, in the 20th RICHARD II., and derived their surname from the castle of Beaufort, the place of their birth. JOHN of Gaunt, who bore for arms, "France and England quarterly, a label of three points, erm,' was s. by his eldest son,

་་

HENRY PLANTAGENET, b. 1366, surnamed of Bolingbroke, Earl of Hereford, who, upon the deposition of RICHARD II., was called to the throne as King HENRY IV., when his great inheritance, with the Dukedom of Lancaster, and the Earldoms of Hereford, Derby, Lincoln, and Leicester, merged in the crown. Arms of Edmund Crouchback-Gu., three lions passant guardant, or, a label of three points, az., each charged with as many fleur-de-lis, or.

THOMAS PLANTAGENET, eldest son of King EDWARD I., by his 2nd wife, Margaret, dau. of PHILIP III., or the Hardy, of France, was born at Brotherton in Yorkshire, anno 1301, whence the surname, "DE BROTHERTON," and before he had attained his thirteenth year, was advanced by special charter of his half brother King EDWARD II (at the dying request of his predecessor), dated 16 December, 1312, to all the honours which Roger le Bigod, sometime Earl of Norfolk, and Marshal of England did enjoy by the name of earl, in the co. Norfolk, with all the castles, manors, and lands, which the said Roger possessed in England, Ireland, and Wales, which had become vested in the crown, by the surrender of the said Roger. But in some years afterwards, the king seized upon the marshalship in the Court of King's Bench, because the Earl of Norfolk had failed to substitute some person on his behalf, to attend the justices of that court, upon their journey into Lancashire; he had, however, restitution of the high office, upon paying a fine of £100. This prince was repeatedly in the wars of Scotland, temp. EDWARD II. and EDWARD III., in the latter of which reigns he had a confirmation of the Earldom of Norfolk, and the office of earl marshal. He m. 1st, Alice, dau of Sir Roger Halys, Knt., of Harwich, by whom he had issue,

MARGARET, of whom hereafter.

Alice, m. to Edward de Montacute, and had a dau.,

JOAN, who m. William Ufford, Earl of Suffolk, and d. without male issue.

The prince m. 2ndly, Mary, dau. of William, Lord Roos, and widow of William Braose, and had a son,

John, who became a monk at the abbey of Ely.

Thomas of Brotherton d. in 1338, when the Earldom of Norfolk became EXTINCT. But his elder dau. and co-heir, who eventually became sole heiress,

The LADY MARGARET PLANTAGENET, was created DUCHESS OF NORFOLK for life, by King RICHARD II., 29 September, 1397. Her grace, at the time styled Countess of Norfolk, claimed the office of earl marshal, at the coronation of that monarch, and prayed that she might execute the same by her deputy; but her claim was not allowed, owing to the want of sufficient time to investigate its merits, and the prior appointment, for the occasion, of Henry, Lord Percy. This illustrious lady m. 1st, John, Lord Segrave, and had issue,

Anne, abbess of Barking.

Elizabeth, m. John, Lord Mowbray (see Mowbray, Earl of Nottingham, and Duke of Norfolk). From this marriage descend the HOWARDS, and the BERKELEYS.

The duchess m. 2ndly, Sir William Manny, K.G., and had an only surviving dau.,

Anne, m. to John Hastings, Earl of Pembroke.

Her grace d. in 1399, when the dignity became EXTINCT. Arms-Gu, three lions passant guardant, or, a label of three points, arg. for difference.

PLANTAGENET-DUCHESS OF NORFOLK.

(Refer to PLANTAGENET, surnamed "De Brotherton," Earl of Norfolk).

PLANTAGENET-BARONS OF WOODSTOCK, EARLS OF KENT.

Barony, by Writ of Summons, dated 5 August, 1320. Earldom, by Charter, dated 28 July, 1321.

Lineage.

EDMUND PLANTAGENET, b. 5 August, 1301, surnamed of Woodstock, from the place of his birth, 2nd son of King EDWARD I., was summoned to parliament, by writ, directed "Edmundo de Wodestok," 5 August, 1320, about two years before he attained majority. He had previously been in the wars of Scotland, and had obtained considerable territorial grants from the crown. In the next year he was created EARL OF KENT, and had a grant of the castle of Okham, in the co. Rutland, and shrievalty of the county. About the same time he was constituted governor of the castle of Tunbridge, in Kent; and upon the breaking out of the insurrection, under Thomas Plantagenet, Earl of Lancaster, he was commissioned by the king, to pursue that rebellious prince, and to lay siege to the castle of Pontefract. The Earl of Lancaster was subsequently made prisoner at Boroughbridge, and the Earl of Kent was one of those who condemned him to death. From this period, during the remainder of the reign of his brother, Edmund, of Woodstock, was constantly employed in the cabinet or the field. He was frequently accredited on embassies to the Court of France, and was in all the wars in Gascony and Scotland. But after the accession of his nephew, King EDWARD III., he was arrested and sentenced to death, for having conspired, with other nobles, to deliver his brother, the deposed EDWARD II., out of prison. Whereupon, by the management of Queen ISABEL and her paramour, Mortimer, he was beheaded at Winchester (1380), after he had remained upon the scaffold, from noon until five o'clock in the evening, waiting for an executioner; no one being willing to undertake the horrid office, till a malefactor from the Marshalsea was procured to perform it. The earl m. Margaret, dau. of John, Lord Wake, and sister and heiress of Thomas, Lord Wake, by whom (who d. 29 September, 1349,) he had issue,

EDMUND, successively Earls of Kent.

JOHN,

Margaret, m, to Amaneus, eldest son of Bernard, Lord de la Brette, and d. 8. p.

JOANE, from her extraordinary beauty, styled "the Fair Maid of Kent," m. Ist, William Montacute, Earl of Salisbury, from whom she was divorced; 2ndly, Sir Thomas Holland, K.G., (who d. 26 December, 1360); and 3rdly, the renowned hero, EDWARD, Prince of Wales, K.G., the Black Prince, by whom (who d. 8 July, 1376), she was the mother of King RICHARD II.

The unfortunate earl's eldest son,

EDMUND PLANTAGENET was restored in blood and honours by parliament, the year in which his father suffered, and thus became Baron Woodstock and EARL OF KENT-but d. soon after in minority, unm., and was s. by his brother,

JOHN PLANTAGENET, 3rd Earl of Kent, who m. Elizabeth, dau. of the Duke of Juliers, but d. 8. p. in 1352, when the Earldom of Kent, and Baronies of Woodstock and Wake, devolved upon his only surviving sister,

JOANE, the Fair Maid of Kent, who m. Sir Thomas Holland, Lord Holland, K G. (see Holland, Earl of Kent). Arms of Edmund Woodstock-England, within a bordure, arg.

Collins, in explanation of the divorce, states, that the Earl of Salisbury had intended to have married her, had she not been previously contracted to Sir Thomas Holland; yet, during the absence of Sir Thomas, the earl made a subsequent contract, and withheld the lady, until the Pope decided against himwhen acquiescing, it was said, she was divorced.

PLANTAGENET--EARL OF CORNWALL.

By Patent, anno 1328.

Lineage.

JOHN PLANTAGENET, 2nd son of King EDWARD II., commonly called "John of Eltham," from the place of his birth, was created by patent, dated in 1327, EARL OF CORNWALL. This prince d. unm. in 1336, when the Earldem of Cornwall became EXTINCT.

Arms-Same as the other branches of the House of Plantagenet.

PLANTAGENET-DUKE OF CORNWALL.

By Patent, dated in 1337.

Lineage.

EDWARD PLANTAGENET, the gallant Black Prince, eldest son of King EDWARD III., was advanced by patent, in 1337, to the dignity of DUKE OF CORNWALL, with the following limitation: -"Habend. et tenend. eidem Duci et ipsius et heredum suorum Regum Angliæ filiis primogenitis et dieti loci ducibus in regno Angl' hereditar' succesur." He was subsequently created PRINCE OF WALES, and the dukedom merged in the principality. Since the dignity was so conferred upon Prince Edward, it has been vested in the heir apparent of the throne of England, who, at his birth, or at the decease of an elder brother, becomes Duke of Cornwall, and he is always created Prince of Wales. The Black Prince m. his cousin, Joane, commonly called the Fair Maid of Kent, dau. of Edmund, Earl of Kent, and widow of Sir Thomas Holland, by whom he left, at his decease, 8 July, 1376, his father, King EDWARD Still living, an only surviving son,

RICHARD, afterwards King RICHARD II.

PLANTAGENET-DUKE OF CLARENCE.

Created 15 September, 1362. Lineage.

GILBERT DE CLARE, Earl of Hertford and Gloucester, who fell at the battle of Bannockburn in 1313, leaving no issue, his titles became extinct, while his estates devolved upon his sisters, as co-heirs, of whom

ELIZABETH DE CLARE, the youngest sister, had m. JOHN DE BURGH, son of Richard, Earl of Ulster, and through this alliance the honour of Clare came into the possession of the De Burghs. The heiress of Clare left a son,

WILLIAM DE BURGH, Earl of Ulster, who m. Maud, sister of Henry Plantagenet, Duke of Lancaster, and left an only child and heiress,

ELIZABETH DE BURGH, who married

LIONEL PLANTAGENET, 6. 29 November, 1338 (of Antwerp), 3rd son of King EDWARD III. who became jure uxoris, Earl of Ulster, and was created 15 September, 1362, DUKE OF CLARENCE. The prince was likewise a knight of the Garter. He had an only child by the heiress of Ulster,

PHILIPPA PLANTAGENET, b. 16 August, 1355, who m. Edmond Mortimer, 3rd Earl of March, and had, with other issue, ROGER MORTIMER. Earl of March, b. 1377, who, in the parliament held 9th RICHARD II., was declared next heir to the throne. This nobleman, slain at Kenlis, in Meath, 1398, had, with other issue,

EDMOND, his successor.

Anne (sister and heir of her brother, Edmond, Earl of
March), who m. Richard Plantagenet, of Coningsburg,
Earl of Cambridge, younger son of Edmond, Duke of
York, 5th son of EDWARD III., and had a son,
RICHARD, Duke of York, K.G., who fell at Wakefield,
31 December, 1460, leaving,

EDWARD, Duke of York, who ascended the throne as
EDWARD IV.

The title of Clarence was derived from the honour of Clare.

George, Duke of Clarence, K.G., father of MARGARET PLANTAGENET, COUNTESS OF SALISBURY (see that title).

RICHARD, Duke of Gloucester, who ascended the throne as RICHARD III.

Lionel, Duke of Clarence, m. 2ndly, 15 June, 1368, Valentina, dau. of Galeazzo, or Galeas II., Duke of Milan, but by her had no issue. About four years after the death of the Duchess Elizabeth (25 April, 1368), King EDWARD concluded the terms of a new marriage for his son, the Duke of Clarence, with Violanta, or Jolantis, the dau. of Galeas, or, as he was more classically called, Galeasius, prince of Milan, and sister to John Galeas, who subsequently became 1st Duke of Milan. The bargain, for such it was in the strictest meaning of the word, was struck at Windsor, upon which occasion the wealthy and munificent Prince Galeas paid down for his daughter's dowry, the sum of 100,000 florins. This, however, was but a prelude to the unbounded magnificence with which he received his son-in-law, and his small but chosen retinue of English nobles, who in number amounted to about 200. When the duke married his affianced bride, the luxury of the various feasts that followed upon the nuptials, and the richness of the gifts presented by Galeas to the bridegroom and his followers, were such as fairly to confound the imagination. The whole scene, as described by Paulus Jovius, is only to be paralleled by the wild dreamings of some eastern story. At one banquet, when the celebrated Petrarch was present, thirty courses succeeded each other, all composed of the choicest viands that the earth or sea could supply, and between each course, as many rare gifts were brought in by Galeas himself, and presented by him to Clarence.

"But not five months after, the Duke of Clarence (having lived with this new wife after the manner of his own country, forgetting, or not regarding his change of air, and addicting himself to immoderate feasting), spent and consumed with a lingering disease, departed this world at Alba Pompeia, called also Longuevil, in the Marquisate of Montserrat, in Piedmont, on the vigil of St. Luke the Evangelist, viz., the 17th day of October, anno 1368."

The duke was first buried in the city of Pavia, but was afterwards brought over to England by Thomas Narbonne and others of the retinue, who had accompanied him in his nuptial expedition. The body was then conveyed to the church of the Augustine Friars, at Clare, in Suffolk, and finally deposited near the remains of his 1st wife, Elizabeth de Burgh. Violanta herself was afterwards m. to Otho, Marquis of Montserrat; but, as the chronicler quaintly observes, her 2nd marriage was not more fortunate than her first;-Otho soon perished ignobly in the mountain, being slain by a country stable-keeper.

At the death of Lionel, the Dukedom of Clarence became EXTINCT.

Arms-Gu., three lions passant guardant, or.

PLANTAGENET-EARL OF CAMBRIDGE, DUKES OF YORK, DUKE OF ALBEMARLE.

Earldom, 13 November, 1362.

Dukedom, 6 August, 1385.

Dukedom of Albemarle, 29 September, 1397.
Lineage.

EDMUND PLANTAGENET, b. 5 June, 1341, surnamed Langley, from the place of his birth, 5th son of King EDWARD III, was created by his father, 13 November, 1362, EARL OF CAMBRIDGE, and by his nephew, King RICHARD II., 6 August, 1385, DexS OF YORK. This prince m. 1st, 1372, Isabel, dau. and co-heir of PETER THE CRUEL, King of Castile and Leon, and sister of Constance, the wife of John of Gaunt, by whom (who d in 1394) he had issue,

1. EDWARD, his successor in the Dukedom of York.

II. RICHARD, of Coningsburgh, who s. to the Earldom of Cambridge. This prince was beheaded at Southampton fər conspiring against HENRY V., in 1415, when the Earldom of Cambridge became forfeited. He had m. Anne, sister and heir of Edmond Mortimer, Earl of March, and dau. of Roger Mortimer, Earl of March, son of Edmond, 3rd Earl of March, by Philippa, his wife, only dau. and heiress of Lionel, of Antwerp, Duke of Clarence, 2nd son of King EDWARD III.:

• Through this alliance the house of York derived its right to the crown.

by Anne Mortimer, his wife, the Earl of Cambridge left an only son and a dau., viz.,

RICHARD, who s. his uncle as Duke of York.
Isabel, m. to Henry Bourchier, Earl of Essex.

1. Constance, m. to Thomas de Spencer, Earl of Gloucester. Edmund, Duke of York, m. 2ndly, Joane, dau. of Thomas Holland, Earl of Kent, and sister and co-heir of Edmund, Earl of Kent, but had no issue. The Duke of York attained the highest reputation as a statesman and a soldier, and after vainly endeavouring to sustain his nephew, King RICHARD, upon the throne, he retired to his estate in Hertfordshire, and ubi spiravit, ibi expiravit;-at Langley he was born, and at Langley he died 1 August, 1402, "having lived to see England's sceptre in three several hands, in which the royal stream never kept its immediate channel." In compliance with the terms of his will, he was buried at the Friary of Langley, under a tomb of alabaster and black marble; but upon the dissolution

in consideration of that alliance was shortly afterwards made constable of England (a dignity enjoyed for nearly two centuries by the Bohuns). At the coronation of his nephew, King RICHARD II., the prince was advanced to the EARLDOM OF BUCKINGHAM, with a grant of 1,000 marks per annum, to be paid out of the exchequer, until provision of so much value should be made otherwise for him, and twenty pounds a-year out of the issues of the county, whence he derived his title. From this period, he was constantly employed as a commander in foreign wars, until the 9th of the same reign, when, for his eminent services, he was created 12 November, 1385, DUKE OF GLOUCES TER. Previously, he had been likewise sent into Essex, at the head of a large force, to suppress the insurrection of Jack Straw. The ceremony of his creation, as Duke of Gloucester, was performed at Hoselow Lodge, in Tividale, by girding with a sword, and putting a cap with a circle of gold, upon the prince's head; the parliament being then sitting at London, and assenting thereto. The parliamentary rolls tell us the

which it had covered, were removed to the parish church of the same town, and placed in the east corner of the chancel. The prince, who was a knight of the Garter, was s. by his eldest son,

EDWARD PLANTAGENET, 2nd Duke of York, who had been created Duke of Albemarle, 29 September, 1397, and was restored to the Dukedom of York in 1406, which he had been previously rendered incapable of inheriting: he was also invested with the Garter. This gallant prince, who had become eminent in arins, fell at Agincourt in 1415, and his brother having been previously put to death, the Dukedom of York (the prince leaving no issue) devolved upon his nephew,

RICHARD PLANTAGENET, K.G., who was restored to the Earldom of Cambridge, and allowed to inherit as 3rd Duke of York. This prince becoming afterwards one of the most powerful subjects of the period in which he lived, laid claim to the throne as the descendant of Lionel, Duke of Clarence, 2nd son of EDWARD III., whereas the reigning monarch, HENRY VI., sprang from John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, 3rd son of the same king: thus originated the devastating war of the Roses. In his pretensions, the Duke was supported by the Nevils and other great families, but his ambitious projects closed at the battle of Wakefield in 1460, where his party sustained a signal defeat, and he was himself slain. The prince had m. Cecily, dau. of Ralph Nevil, Earl of Westmoreland, and by her (who d. 31 May, 1495, and was buried at Fotheringhay) left issue,

EDWARD, his successor.

Edmund, said to have borne the title of Earl of Rutland. This prince at the age of twelve was barbarously murdered by Lord Clifford, after the battle of Wakefield.

George, Duke of Clarence (see Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence).

RICHARD, Duke of Gloucester (afterwards King RICHARD III.) Anne, m. 1st, to Henry Holland, Duke of Exeter, from whom she was divorced; and 2ndly, to Sir Thomas St. Leger, Knt., by whom she had a dau.,

ANNE ST. LEGER, who m. Sir George Manners, Lord Ros, ancestor of the dueal house of RUTLAND.

Elizabeth, m. to John de la Pole, Duke of Suffolk. Margaret, m. to Charles, Duke of Burgundy, but had no issue. This was the Duchess of Burgundy, so persevering in her hostility to HENRY VII., and her zeal in the cause of York, who set up the pretended Plantagenets, Warbeck and Symnel.

Ursula.

Richard, Duke of York, was s. by his son,

EDWARD PLANTAGENET, 4th Duke of York, who, after various fortunes at the head of the Yorkists, finally established himself upon the throne as EDWARD IV., when the Dukedom of York merged in the crown.

Arms-France and England, with a label of three points, arg., each charged with as many torteaux.

PLANTAGENET-EARLS OF BUCKINGHAM, DUKE OF GLOUCESTER.

Earldom, anno 1377.

Dukedom, 12 November, 1385. Lineage.

THOMAS PLANTAGENET, b. at the royal Manor House, Woodstock, co. Oxford, 7 January, 1355, and thence surnamed "THOMAS OF WOODSTOCK," youngest son of King EDWARD III., m. the Lady Eleanor de Bohun, eldest dau. and co-heir of Humphrey, Earl of Hereford, Essex, and Northampton; and

per gladii cincturam, et pilei ac circuli aurei, suo capiti impositionem, maturius investivit," that instalment being by gird. ing on the sword, and adorning his head with a coronet and cap of estate. This is the more worthy of being remembered, as, at a later period, we find dukes invested, ". per appositionem cappa suo capiti, ac traditionem virgæ aurea"-by the imposition, that is, of a cap of estate and the delivery of a golden rod. In two years afterwards, he was constituted justice of Chester, but he subsequently forfeited the favour of the king, by his opposition to Robert de Vere, Duke of Ireland, and his coalition with the lords who assembled in arms, at Haringey Park, to put an end to the power of that celebrated minion. After the disgrace and banishment of De Vere, the Duke of Gloucester obtained some immunities from the crown, but the king never pardoned the course he had pursued in that affair, and eventually it cost the duke his life. The story of his destruction is thus told by Froisart-"The king rode to Havering, in the county of Essex, as it were on a hunting party, and came to Plessy, where the duke then resided, about five o'clock, the duke having just newly supped, who hearing of his coming (with the duchess and his children) met him in the court. The king hereupon being brought in, a table was spread for his supper. Whereat being set, he told the duke, that he would have him ride to London with him that night; saying, that the Londoners were to be before him on the morrow, as also his uncles of LANCASTER and YORK, with divers others of the nobles; and that he would be guided by their counsels, wishing him to command his steward to follow with his train. Hereupon the duke suspecting no hurt, so soon as the king had supp't, got on horseback, accompanied with no more than seven servants (three esquires and four yeomen), taking the way of Bondelay, to shun the common road to London; and riding fast, approached near Stratford, on the river Thames. Being got thus far, and coming near to the ambuscado* which was laid, the king rode away a great pace, and left him somewhat behind. Whereupon the earl marshal with his band, came galloping after, and overtaking him, said: I arrest you in the king's name. The duke therefore discerning that he was betrayed, call'd out aloud to the king, but to no purpose, for the king rode on, and took no notice of it. This was done about ten or eleven o'clock in the night; whence he was forthwith carried into a barge, and so into a ship, which lay in the Thames, wherein they conveyed him, the next day, to Calais. Being thus brought thither, he askt the earl marshal the cause thereof, saying: Methinks you hold me here as a prisoner; let me go abroad, and let me see the fortress; but the earl marshal refused." Froisart concludes by stating: "That the duke hereupon fearing his life, desired to have a priest, who sang mass before him, that he might be confessed; and so he had. When, soon after dinner, having washed his hands, there came into the chamber four men, who suddenly casting a towel about his neck, strangled him." After this violent death, the body of the prince was laid naked in his bed, and it was rumoured that he died of a palsy; the earl marshal going into deep mourning for his lamented cousin. This account of the duke's death is, however, according to Dugdale, erroneous, "As appeareth" (saith that celebrated antiquary) "by the deposition of John Hall, a servant to the earl marshal, then present, and in some sort assisting in that most barbarous murder, viz. 'That in the month of September, 21st RICHARD II., Thomas, Earl Marshal and Nottingham, whom the deposition calls Duke of Norfolk' (by reason he was soon afterwards advanced to

* This plot to take away the life of the Duke of Gloucester, was previously concerted with Thomas Mowbray, Earl Marshal, and Earl of Nottingham, Richard's great confidant.