In moderate sorrow, the countenance is dejected, the eyes are cast downwards, the arms hang loose, sometimes a little raised, and suddenly fall again: the hands open, the fingers spread, and the voice plaintive, frequently interrupted with sighs. But when this passion is in excess, it distorts the countenance, as if in agonies of pain; it raises the voice to the loudest complainings, and sometimes even to cries and shrieks; it wrings the hands, beats the head and breast, tears the hair, and throws itself on the ground; and like other passions in excess, seems to border on frenzy.

These short exemplifications of some of the most active and powerful passions, will, I trust, be sufficient to elucidate and confirm the preceding principles.

The subject of Gesture will be considered in my next address to you.

MEMOIRS OF HAYTI-FOR THE PORT FOLIO.

LETTER. X.

The Cape, Island of Hayti, Nov. 1805.

I ARRIVED on my second visit to this island, at Port de Paix on the 14th instant, whence, after a delay of two days, we sailed for the Cape, and reached it on the 18th.

Being now upon the spot from which, in the early part of last year, I so frequently endeavoured to interest or to amuse you, I shall, agreeably to promise, proceed to attempt a continuation of my narrative of the affairs of this country. In doing this I shall commence where I then broke off, in order that you may be in possession of a connected series of facts, down to the present day, leaving the occurrences which may take place, during my present sojourn here, to be related in their turn.

You will recollect that when I left this island, on the 13th of April, 1804, many circumstances united to prove that a general massacre of the French whites at the Cape, might shortly have been expected. This melancholy anticipation was realized, and on the nineteenth of that month, six days after my departure, a carnage of a most horrible and barbarous nature commenced. To paint in true colours the horrors of this shocking butchery, and to describe with full effect the sufferings of the wretched victims who were upon this occasion devoted to such a wicked system of destruction, would afford employment for the pen of a more able writer, than your correspondent. Incapable of embellishing my narration with those touches of sensibility which are with such happy effect so frequently addressed to the feelings of a reader, I shall confine myself to a simple recital of facts.

At this awful period, the number of white inhabitants at the Cape was computed to be about twenty-eight hundred men, women, and children. Many of them had money, and most of them trinkets, plate, furniture, or other articles of value. They were entirely destitute of arms or any means of defence, and on the arrival of Dessalines with his troops, they saw themselves completely in the power of their foes, without the least prospect of escaping from their merciless fangs. Those who had been courtiers and flatterers of the great, finding that affairs were about to be brought to a crisis, and forseeing that the time was fast approaching when they should stand in need of the protection of their good friends, redoubled their attentions and adulation. Some left their habitations and took up their abode in the obscure hovels of negro or mulatto women, who generously granted them a shelter from the impending storm, where they concealed or painted themselves to reVOL. III. D d

semble people of colour, while others fastened themselves up in their houses, to await with resignation the threatened blow. Among these unfortunate persons were some whose talents and professional services were of great utility to the government, and they were accordingly marked for preservation, and conveyed to a place of safety. Of these there were two priests, a physician, several engineers and architects, a printer and a number of mechanics of different branches. Mr. Dodge, a resident merchant who had been under the French administration, American consul at the Cape, and who though invested with no powers to act under the Haytien government, had always been respected as such, was authorized to collect and preserve in his house, all such individuals as he knew or supposed to be Americans. By virtue of this permission a number of Frenchmen who had been naturalized in the United States, and several women had taken refuge with him. The Americans generally either remained on board their vessels, or took up their residence at the houses of some of their countrymen, where they kept themselves closely confined.

Soon after the arrival of Dessalines he notified Mr. Follin, a French merchant, that he intended to dine with him that day. Mr. Follin prepared an elegant dinner, and invited several of his friends to be of the party. Dessalines came, and conducted himself towards his host with every appearance of friendship and respect. The time passed on with great cheerfulness and conviviality, until the harmony of the company was interrupted by the governor's asking Mr. Follin to take him into his store and show him the contents of his iron chest. The latter supposing him to be in jest, pleasantly replied" general, I have nothing there that belongs to you." "We will see that, you must have money there," retorted the governor. Mr. Follin assured him that he was mistaken, as that all the money he had received had been remitted to his wife who was in New-York, or had been appropriated to the payment of his debts. Dessalines instised upon going, and Mr. Follin finding him to be in earnest, conducted him thither. When they entered the store, the key of the chest was not to be found, and the clerk who had it in possession was missing. At that instant the black chief gave a signal, and a party of soldiers rushed in, some of whom endeavoured to force the chest, whilst others attacked Mr. Follin with their sabres. On this sudden and unexpected assault, Mr. Follin picked up a stave with which he defended himself for a short time, but being overpowered was compelled to retreat. He ran up stairs into the dining room, where he again turned upon his pursuers, and fought like a hero, but finding his situation becoming extremely hazardous, he leapt from his balcony into the street. The fall stunned him for a short time, but when he recovered, he arose, seized a piece of an iron hoop to use as a sword, fled

towards the wharf which was about forty yards distance, cut his way through the guards, and threw himself into the sea for the purpose of swimming to some of the American vessels. But he had not proceeded far from the shore, when the soldiers fired at him from the wharf. The unfortunate man was shot in the head, and immediately sunk. During this transaction, an attack was made by the soldiers and some of the officers who were of the party upon the white guests, and they were all murdered. General Moreilly, a mulatto, whom I shall hereafter perhaps have occasion to introduce to your notice, was one of the visitors, and he has since repeatedly boasted at table, that he was the man who killed Follin. He may indeed have assassinated some other Frenchman, upon this occasion, but the above story has been too fully corroborated to admit of his assertion. Mr. Follin was one of those Frenchmen who paid no more attention to the black gentry than he could well avoid, and I recollect once seeing him at an entertainment, where he pointed out to me several haughty black officers who had once been his barber or his servants. His destruction may be attributed to an unfortunate intimacy, which he had with citizen A.. He informed me that he would have attempted to effect his escape, had it not been for the vigilance of this creature, who fearful of such an event, had kept so watchful an eye over his movements, that he could not be absent an hour from his house, without being sought after by him. Whether this vigilance had been preserved by the orders of Christophe I cannot say, but it is very certain that any knowledge of such a design would have been immediately communicated to the general, by this faithful myrmidon.

It is worthy of remark that Dessalines had one regiment called the fourth or quatrieme, which was his particular favourite, and generally employed near his person. As an indulgence shown these ruffians for their attachment to his interests, the governor, to gratify their insatiable appetite for blood and rapine, had selected these men as the principal actors in the several massacres. These detestable villains, by frequent employment in the horrible business of assassination had acquired a wonderful dexterity in cutting throats, stabbing and bayonetting men and women, and dashing out the brains of children. Their highest enjoyment consists in this species of occupation, and so great was their renown for barbarous deeds, that the name of a soldier of the quatrieme is, even at this day, pronounced by the humane with a degree of horror, while among the ignorant and wicked it is regarded as the very acme of heroic perfection. Such were the wretches who accompanied the governor general, and to whom the unfortunate French were to look for mercy,

The affair at Follin's house was, I believe, the first signal for the general attack. The infuriated soldiers, thirsting for blood, and impatient for plunder, were left loose like hell hounds upon the defenceless whites. Their habitations were broken open and a scene of horrible butchery and carnage immediately commenced. Those who were supposed to have money or valuable articles, were promised their lives, if they would disclose where their wealth was concealed, which as soon as they had done, they were destroyed. The sword, the sabre, the bayonet, the dagger, and the knife reeking with gore, were drawn from one bosom only to be plunged into another. No distinction was made of person, age, or sex. Shrieks of women and dying groans filled the air, and were reechoed through the town. In one place would be seen a distracted female, flying through the streets, with an infant in her arms, pursued by a soldier, who taking particular aim to pin them together with his bayonet, would plunge it through their bodies, while another villain, brandishing a child in his hand, would dash out its brains against the pavement or the walls. The gutters ran a stream of blood, while hundreds of mangled corses, stripped of their vestments, lay scattered through the streets. Every barbarous mode of assassination, which suggested itself to the minds of these relentless murderers, was practised, and the shouts, which every where proclaimed the triumph of their joy, was only interrupted by their broils and quarrels respecting the division of the spoils.

This massacre was carried on without intermission for about six days. The dead bodies in the strects, from their putrefaction, had produced an unwholesome state of the atmosphere, and in order that they might be removed, it was ordered that each citizen should cause to be carried away, all those which were within a certain distance of his house. They were conveyed to a place called the Fossette, a little beyond the southern extremity of the town, where they were loosely thrown upon the ground as food for dogs and vermin, and afterwards cast into a trench and slightly covered over. Even at this day, in that neighbourhood, sculls and bones are to be seen in many places, sufficient to remind one of the ancient Golgotha.

At this same time the soldiers were ordered to desist from any further assassinations in the town, but were directed to search strictly in every place and bring forth all the Frenchmen they could find. In this manner many unhappy victims who had so far eluded the search of their fiend-like persecutors, were discovered, and being assembled on the place d'armes were marched in companies a short distance out of town, and there wantonly put to death.

The agency in this sanguinary business was not confided solely to the common soldiers. Most of the inferior officers, and indeed many of