hips, we can procure elephants teeth from the natives of Mozambique, who barter them alfo for ammunition and bars of iron; and the Portuguese in that country give us cloths of various kinds in exchange for our commodities: these cloths we difpofe of lucratively in the three neighbouring iflands; whence we bring rice, cattle, a kind of bread-fruit which grows in Comara, and flaves, which we buy alfo at other places to which we trade; and we carry on this traffic in our own veffels." Here I could not help expreffing my abhorrence of their Slave Trade, and asked him by what law they claimed a property in rational beings, fince our Creator had given our fpecies a dominion, to be moderately exercifed, over the bearts of the field and the fowls of the air, but none to man o ver man. "By no law," answered he, unless neceffity be a law. There are nations in Madagascar and in Africa who know neither God nor his Prophet, nor Mofes, nor David, nor the Methiah: thefe nations are in perpetual war, and take many captives, whom, if they could not fell, they would certainly kill., Individuals among them are in extreme poverty, and have numbers of children, who, if they cannot be disposed of, must perith through hunger, together with their miferable parents. By purchaf ing these wretches we preferve their lives, and, perhaps, thofe of many others, whom our money relieves. The fum of the argument is this: if we buy them, they will live-if they become valuable fervants, they will live comfortably; but if they are not fold, they muft die miferably." ༤༢ ར in which captives are always made, and keeps up that perpetual enmity which you pretend to be the cause of a practice in itself reprehenfible, while in truth it is its effect. The fame traf fic encourages lazinefs in fome parents, who might in general fupport their families by proper industry, and seduces others to fifle their natural feelings. At moft, your redemption of those unhappy children can amount only to a perfonal contract, implied between you, for gratitude and reasonable fer'vice on their part-for kindness and humanity on your's; but can you think your part performed by difpofing of them against their wills, with as much indifference as if you were selling cattle; efpecially as they might become readers of the Koran, and pillars of your faith?""The law,"faid he," forbids our felling them, when they are believers in the Prophet; 669 and little children only are fold, "nor they often, or by all mafters." "You who believe in Mobammed," faid I, are bound by the spirit and "letter of his laws to take pains that they alfo may believe in him; and "if you neglect fo important a duty "for fordid gain, I do not fee how you can hope for profperity in this world, or for happiness in the next." My old friend and the Muftis affented, and muttered a few prayers, but probably forgot my preaching before many minutes had paffed. So much time had flipped away in this converfation, that I could make but a fhort visit to Prince Salim: my view in vifiting him was to fix the time of our journey to Domoni as early as poffible on the next morning. His appearance was more favage than ever, and I found him in a difpofition to complain bitterly of the English.-acknowledgment," he faid, "There may be," said I, "fuch cafes, but you fallacioufly draw a general conclufion from a few particuNo lar inftances; and this is the very fallacy which, on a thousand other occafions, deludes mankind. It is not to be doubted that a conftant and gainful" traffic in human creatures foments war, 3 Cz had been made for the kind at*tentions of himfelf and the chief "men in his country to the officers and people of the Brilliant, thơ' whole year had elapfed fince the "wreck." a ડૉ are dif and took occafion to say, that there was more true dignity in their own native titles than in thofe of Prince, Duke, and Lord, which had been idly given them, but had no conformity to their manners or the conftitution of their government. * wreck " I really wondered at the forgetfulness to which alone fuch a neglect could be imputed; and affured him, that I would exprefs my opinion both in Bengal and in letters to England. "We have little," faid he, "to hope from letters, for when we "have been paid with them instead This converfation being agreeable "of money, and have fhewn them on to neither of us, I changed it, by de"board your fhips, we have common- firing that the palanquins and bearers ly been treated with difdain, and might be ready next morning as early "often with imprecations." I affured as poffible: hè answered, that his pahim, that either thofe letters must have lanquins were at our fervice for nobeen written coldly and by very ob- thing, but that we must pay him ten fcure perfons, or fhown to very ill-bred dollars for each fet of bearers; that it men, of whom there were too many in was the flated price, and that Mr Haall nations, but that a few infances ftings had paid it when he went to viof rudenels ought not to give him a fit the King. This, as I learned afgeneral prejudice againft our national terwards, was falfe, but in all events I character. But you," faid he, " knew that he would keep the dollars "a wealthy nation, and we are indi- himself, and give nothing to the beargent; yet though all our groves of ers, who deferved them better, and cocoa-trees, bar fruits, and our whom he would compel to leave their “cattle are ever at your fervice, you cottages and toil for his profit. "Can always try to make hard bargains" you imagine," I replied, "that we with us for what you chufe to d "would employ four and twenty men "pufe of, and frequently will neither to bear us fo far on their shoulders "fell nor give thofe things which we "without rewarding them amply? principally want." To form, "But fince they are free men (fo he faid I, a juft opinion of Englifhmen," had affured me), and not your flaves, you muft vifit us in our our own ifland, “we will pay them in proportion to 66 or at least in India; here we are "their diligence and good behaviour; ftrangers and travellers: many of " and it becomes neither your digni66 us have no defign to trade in any "country, and none of us think of "trading in Hinzuan, where we ftop only for refreshment. The clothes, arms, or inftruments which you may want, are commonly neceflary "or convenient to us; but if Sayyad "Alwi or his fons were to be ftrangers "in our country, you fhould have no reafon to boaft of fuperior hofpitali ty." He then fhewed me, a fec. nd time, a part of an old filk vett, with the far of the Order of the Thistle, and begged me to explain the motto; expreffing a wifh that the order might be conferred on him by the King of England in return for his good offices to the English. I reprefented to him the impoffibility of his being gratified, 66 હૃદ 66 ty nor durs to make a previous bargain." I fhewed him an elegant copy of the Koran, which I destined for his father, and defcribed the reft of my prefent; but he coldly asked, if that was all." Had he been king, a purfe of dry dollars would have given him more pleasure than the finest or holiest manufcript. Finding him, in converfing on a variety of fubjects, utterly void of intelligence or principle, I took my leave, and faw him no more, but promised to let him know for certain, whether we should make our intended excurfion. We dined in tolerable comfort, and had occafion, in the course of the day, to obferve the manners of the natives in the middle rank, who are called Ba nas, mas, and all of whom have flaves conftantly at work for them. We vifited the mother of Combomade, who seemed in a station but little raifed above indigence; and her husband, who was a mariner, bartered an Arabic Treatife on Aftronomy and Navigation, which he had read, for a fea-compafs, of which he well knew the use. In the morning I had converfed with two very old Arabs of Yemen, who had brought some articles of trade to Hinzuan; and in the afternoon I met another who had come from Mafkat (where at that time there was a civil war) to purchase, if he could, an hundred ftand of arms. I told them all, that I loved their nation, and they returned my compliments with great warmth, especially the two old men, who were near fourfcore, and reminded me of Zohair and Hareth. (To he continued.) 解 An Account of the Signals made ufe of at BAMBROUGH CASTLE, in the county of Northumberland in cafe fhips or veffels are perceived in difirefs, and of the Charitable Inftitution established there for their afiftance and relief. Thrice, when any, fhip or veffel is ftranded or wrecked to the fouth ward of the Caftle; in order that the Custom-houfe officers, and the tenants, with their fervants, may haften to give all poffible afliftance, as well as to prevent the wreck from being plundered. 2. In every great ftorm, two men on horfeback are fent from the Caftle to patrole along the coaft from fun-fet to fun-rife, that, in cafe of any accident, one may remain by the fhip, and the other return to alarm the Cafle. Whoever brings the firft no. tice of any fhip or veffel being in diftrefs, is entitled to a premium, in proportion to the distance from the Caftle; and if between twelve o'clock at night and three o'clock in the morning, the premium to be double. trefs upon the Fern Islands, or Staples, that the fufferers may have the fatisfaction of knowing their diftrefs is perceived from the fhore, and that relief will be fent them as foon as poffible In cafe of bad weather, the flag will be kept up, a gun fired morning and evening, and a rocket thrown up evc» ry night from the north turret, till fuch time as relief can be fent. Thefe are alfo fignals to the Holy Iland fishermen, who, by the advantage of their fituation, can put off for the ilands at all times when no boat from the main fand can get over the breakers. Premiums are given to the first boats that put off for the islands, to give their affiftance to fhips or veffels in diftrefs, and provifions and liquors are fent in the boats. 4. A bell on the fouth turret will be rung out in every thick fog, as a fignal to the fifhing-boats; and a large swivel fixed on the east turret, will be fired every 15 minutes, as a fignal to the hips without the islands. 5. A large weather-cock is fixed on the top of the flag-ftaff, for the ufe of the pilots. 6. A large fpeaking-trumpet is provided, to be used when fhips are in diftrefs near the fhore, or are run a 3. A large flag is hoifted when there is any fhip or veffel feen in dif, ground. 7. Aa 7. An obfervatory, or watch-tower, is made on the caft turret of the Caftle, where a perfon is to attend every morning at day-break during the winter feafon, to look out if any fhip be in diftrefs. 8. Mafters and commanders of ships or veffels in distress, are defired to make fuch fignals as are ufually made by people in their melancholy fituation. ASSISTANCE, STORES, and PROVI entering all kinds of timber and ther wrecked goods, giving the marks and defcription of each, with the date when they came on fhore. 4. Four pair of fcrews for railing fhips that are ftranded, in order to their being repaired. Timber, blocks, and tackles, handfpikes, cables, ropes, pumps, and iron, ready for the use of fhip-wrecked veffels. N. B. But, iftaken away, to be paid for at prime coft. SIONS, prepared at Bambrough and fwivels, made on purpofe for weigh5. A pair of chains, with large rings Caftle, for Seamen, Ships, or Vefing fhips (of a thoufand tons burden,) fels, wrecked or driven afhore on that Coaft or Neighbourhood. 1. Rooms and beds are prepared for feamen, fhip-wrecked, who will be maintained in the Caftle for a week (or longer according to circumftances,) and during that time be found with all manner of neceffaries. 2. Cellars for wine, and other liquors from fhip.wrecked veffels, in which they are to be depofited for one year, in order to be claimed by the proper owners. 3. A ftore-house ready for the reception of wrecked goods, cables, rig ging, and iron. A book is kept for that are funk upon rocks, or in deep water. N. B. Thefe chains are to be lent (gratis) to any perfon having occafion for them, within forty or fifty miles along the coaft, on giving proper fecurity to re-deliver them to the trustees. 7 Two mooring chains, of different lengths, are provided, which may occafionally be joined together, when a greater length is required. 8. Whenever any dead bodies are caft on fhore, coffins, &c. will be provided gratis, and alfo the funeral expences paid.. Eftimate of the Medium Temperature of different Degrees of Latitude, from actual Obfervations. ATHER COTTE of the Ora- and is therefore improper for a work Fory has published, in the Journal of this kind, but perops for a work de Phyfique, a table of the medium heat in 177 different places, from the line to the 60th degree of North latitude, afcertained by actual obfervation. This table fhews the medium heat of each month at every place, and the medium heat of the whole year. It is meant as a fupplement to M. Kirwan's eftimate of the temperature of different degrees of latitude. The whole takes up about 16 pages in 4to, tracts from it, of the heat of the principal places, may be thought curious. P. Cotte makes ufe of Reaumur's thermometer, but as Fahrenheit's is the common one in this country, we have, with a good deal of care, substituted the correfponding degrees in this latter thermometer. The places are arranged in the order of their latitude. Names |