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LITERARY INTELLIGENCE.

Cambridge University.-The Hulsean Prize for the present year is adjudged to Mr. JOHN WELLER, B. A. of Emanuel College, for his Dissertation on "The probable causes of the apparent neglect with which some celebrated Writers of Antiquity treated the Christian Religion."

The following is the subject of the Hulsean Prize Dissertation for the en

suing year: "The probable influence of Revelation upon the Writings of the Heathen Philosophers and the Morals of the Heathen World."

The subject of the English Poem for the Chancellor's third gold medal for the ensuing year is : Imperial and Papal Rome."

66

Nov. 18, 1817. At a meeting of the Master and Fellows of Clare Hall, it was agreed that four of the Scholarships on Mr. Freeman's foundation in that college should be augmented to 50%. per annum each, and four on Dr. Green's foundation to 201. per annum each, in addition to the usual weekly allowances during residence in each case; one Scholarship only on each of these foundations to be filled up in any one year, by which means there will be one of each vacant at every annual examination for Scholarships.

The Prize subjects proposed by the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge and Church Union in the Diocese of St. David's, for the year 1818, are, first, "On the evidence from Scripture, that the Soul, immediately after the death of the body, is not in a state of sleep or insensibility, but of happiness or misery; and on the moral uses of that doctrine." The second subject, "On the definition and characteristics of Blasphemy, from Scripture and the Statute Law; and on its consequences, religious, moral, and political." The premium (by benefaction) for the best Essay on the former subject is 501. and 10. for the second best. The premium for the latter subject is 107.

The 8vo Edition that has been recently published of STRYPE'S Memorials of the Reformation, under the Reigns of Henry the VIIIth, Edward the VIth, and Mary, retains the Original Records, Side-notes, and Pageing, of the Folio Edition; and has also a full Index, now first added.

Nearly ready for Publication:

A View of the State of Europe during the Middle Ages. By HENRY HALLAM, esq. A Translation of the Comedies of Aristophanes, with numerous illustrative

notes. By the Rev. THOMAS MITCHELL, late Fellow of Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge.

Delineations of the celebrated City of Pompeii, consisting of 40 Picturesque Views, from Drawings made in 1817 by Major COCKBURN. The plates are etched by PINELLI, of Rome, and will be finished by Mr. W. B. CoOKE.

Narrative of a Voyage to Newfoundland and the Coast of Labrador; with a Map and Engravings. By Lieut. EDWARD CHAPPELL, R. N.

The Rev. C. I. LATROBE will shortly, publish a Narrative of his late Tour in South Africa; together with some ac count of the State of the Missions of the United Brethren in that interesting country.

Epistolary Curiosities; or, unpublished Letters from Elizabeth Queen of Bohemia, Prince Rupert, Gen. Lord Astley, Gen. Fairfax, John Selden, Oliver Cromwell, Gen. Monk, Mons. de la Place, Queen Anne, the Duke of Marlborough, Joseph Addison, Sir Richard Steele, Sir Robert Sutton, &c. To be edited by REBECCA WARNER.

The Second Volume of "The Annual Obituary," which abounds with regular 'biographies, as well as biographical notices of many celebrated characters recently deceased; to several of which will be prefixed Silhouette Portraits.

An Account of the Life, Ministry, and Writings, of the late Rev. JOHN FAWCETT, D. D. fifty years Minister of the Gospel at Halifax.

No. V. of Mr. DYER'S Lives of Illustrious Men.

A Third Volume of the late Mr. VENN'S Sermons.

De Vaux, or the Heir of Gilsland, a Poem. By ROBERT CARLYLE.

The Thessalian Spell; a Poem.

The Reverie, with Songs, Sonnets, and other Poems. By Mr. CORNELIUS WEBB.

Ghlan Chuin, or the Exile of Scotland, a Tale; and the Adventures of Edward Wortley. Written by WILLIAM WORTLEY, Pensioner, Gloucestershire. In Three Volumes.

A Selection of Spanish Plays, under the title of "Teatro Espanol," illus trated by occasional notes, and preceded by an Historical Account of the Spanish Drama, and Biographical Sketches of the Authors.

The Ladies Encyclopædia, in one volume, being an Introduction to those Branches of Science essential in the

Education of young Females, comprehending Chronology, Ancient History, Geography, Drawing, Music, Dancing, &c. From the French of Madam DE LA MEMARDIERE, author of Moral Philosophy and Mythology, for young ladies, with considerable additions.

A Pamphlet on the abuses existing in Newgate Prison. By the Hon. Mr. GREY BENNETT, M. P.

The Researches and Opinions of the Antients respecting Pestilential Fevers, and their atmospherical cause. By Mr. THOMAS FORSTER.

Four Discourses on the Effects of Drinking Spirituous Liquors and other Intoxicating Liquors; with Notes and an Appendix. By JAMES YATES, M. A. Nature displayed in her mode of teaching Languages to Man; or, a New and infallible Method of acquiring Languages with unparalleled rapidity. Adapted to the French, by N. G. DUFIEF, author of the Pronouncing Dictionary of the French and English Languages.

The Mercantile Guide; being an Account of the Trade of the principal Commercial Places on the Continent of Europe; of their Monies, Exchanges, Weights and Measures, Charges, Duties, &c. By Mr. C. W. RORDANOZ.

Preparing for Publication.

A History of the Civil Wars of Eng land, from original, authentic, and most curious and interesting manuscripts and scarce tracts of the times; illustrated by 200 Engravings from original Paintings. By G. ARNALD, R. A.

Letters written during a Tour through Ireland. By JOHN C. CURWEN, esq. M.P. Narrative of a Voyage to Algiers, and residence in that Capital. By Signor PANANTI; with notes by Edward BlaQUIERE, esq.

Letters of a Prussian Traveller, with numerous anecdotes, descriptive of a Tour through Sweden, Germany, Hungary, Istria, the Ionian Islands, Egypt, Syria, Cyprus, Rhodes, the Morea, Greece, Italy, Calabria, the Tyrol, &c. JOHN BRAMSEN, esq.

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An Account of a Voyage of Discovery to the Western Coast of Corea, and the great Loo Choo Island, in the ship Lyra, by Capt. BASIL HALL, R. N. F. R.S. with a vocabulary of the language of that Island, by Lieut. CLIFFORD, R. N. and an Appendix, containing charts and various hydrographical and scientific notices, illustrated by eight coloured engravings, after drawings by Havell, of scenery and the costume of the people of Corea, and particularly of the more interesting inhabitants of Loo Choo.

A Summary View of the Statistics and existing Commerce of the principal

Shores of the Pacific Ocean, with a detail of the most prominent advantages which seem to be connected with the establishment of a central colony within its limits. By Capt. M'KONOCHIE, R. N.

A Topographical and Perspective Survey of the Campagna di Roma, exbibiting to the Traveller and Classic Scholar every object of interest in that celebrated country; illustrated by a Plan on an extended scale, and by Views referring to the Plan, and forming a complete Panorama of the Ancient Territory of Rome. By Dr. F. CH. L. SICKLER, Member of the Academy of Antiquities at Rome.

A Picturesque Tour of Italy, with references to the Text of Addison, Moore, Eustace, and Forsyth, from drawings taken on the spot during the years 1816and 1817. By JAMES HAKEWILL ARCH. This Work will contain a series of highly-finished engravings, from the most prominent and interesting views in that classical country, and of outline Engravings of the Museums of the Vatican, and Capitol of Rome, of the Museum of Florence, and the Studii of Naples.

The History of the French Protestants and the Reformed Church of France, from the introduction of Protestantism, in the reign of Francis the 1st, to the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes, under Louis the XIVth. By the Rev. C. PHILPOT, Rector of Ripple, &c.

Discourses on several Subjects and Occasions. By the Rev. W. HETT, Prebendary of Lincoln.

A Volume of Lectures on the Church Catechism. By the Rev. Mr. HAVER

FIELD.

A complete Collection of the Dramatic Works and Poems of the late Right Hon. R. B. SHERIDAN, accompanied with an Essay on the Life and Genius of the Author, from the pen of Mr. TнoMAS MOORE.

Zelix Albarez; or Manners in Spain; interspersed with Poetry. By ALEX. R. C. DALLAS, esq.

AVolume of Poetry. By J. W. LAKE, esq. A Treatise on Practical Geology, with Plates; to which will be added a series of Questions addressed to British Geologists on certain undetermined parts of English Geology, &c. By Mr. BAKEWELL.

A curious Work has been announced, being Observations on the History of the punishment of Flagellation, particularly its use in Schools; shewing the dangerous tendency of this indecent Practice, and exposing the real Cause why it has been so long a favourite mode of correction among those who have the care of youth, with references to Boileau's History of the Flagellants, &c.

ARTS

ARTS AND SCIENCES.

The altitude of remarkable bills in the counties of Middlesex, Kent, Essex, and Surrey (from observations made in the course of the trigonometrical survey, under the direction of the Board of Ordnance), is as follows: Middlesex (above the level of the sea), Hangerhill-tower, 251 feet; King's-arbour, 132.-Kent: Allington knoll, 329 feet; Dover-castle, 469; Goodhurst, 497; Greenwich Observatory, 214; Shooter'shill, 446; Tenterden-steeple, 322.Essex: Highbeech, 790; Langdon-hill, 620. Surrey: St. Anne's-hill, 240; Bagshot-heath, 463; Leith-hill, 993; Norwood, 389.

M. GIRARD, of the Institute, has published, in a Treatise on the Valley of Egypt, an analysis of the mud of the Nile, so celebrated by the fertility it communicates to the soil of that country. It appears, from chemical experiments made by M. REGNAULT, that of a hundred parts in the mud, there are eleven of water, nine of carbon, six of oxide of iron, four of silex, four of carbonate of magnesia, eighteen of carbonate of lime, and forty-eight of alumen. The quantities of silex and alumen vary according to the places where the mud is taken; that on the banks of the river contains a great deal of sand, while in that at a distance the argil is almost pure. The abundance of this earth in the mud renders it proper for the purposes of the arts. They make excellent brick of it, and vases of different forms; it enters into the fabrication of pipes; the glass-makers employ it in the construction of their furnaces; the inhabitants of the country parts cover their houses with it, and consider it as a sufficient manure for their lands.

Perpetual Motion. A French physician is stated to bave in his cabinet two galvanic piles, 16 inches high, which alternately attract a pretty heavy beam. The continual oscillation of the beam gives motion to a pendulum, which has never stopped for three years. The physician is now endeavouring to give to this movement an isochronism, which may render it more useful.

Dr. OLBERS, of Bremen, the celebrated astronomer, discovered a new comet on the 1st of November, in the West shoulder of the Serpent, between the Stork and the star, 104 of Bode's catalogue. It is small, but brilliant; particularly towards the centre, and cannot be seen without a powerful telescope. At 14 minutes past 7, its ascension was 253°

6', its North declination 9o 14'; its ro tary motion in the direction of East and West.

In the construction of the newly-invented Iron Bridges, on what is termed the principle of Tenacity, the objects are, to form and adjust their several parts with a particular view to that important quality of the metal, which disposes it, on being stretched, not merely to resist and keep its hold, but to appear to draw or pull, in a direction opposite to that in which the force that acts upon it is applied. In the construction of other Iron Bridges the metal is employed like any common hard and bulky substance that is capable of having its pieces connected together; and the several pieces of it are so arranged to rest and press against each other, as if they possessed no other property than their solidity, extension, and weight. In the Southwark Bridge, for instance, we see the plates of iron that compose the arch cast on a similar plan, arranged in a like order, and depending, in the same way, upon one another, as the blocks of stone in the arches of Waterloo Bridge, and requiring, in consequence of that arrangement, a corresponding bulk and strength in the piers and abutments, not only to bear the perpendicular pressure or gravity of the materials, but to afford an adequate resistance to what is termed the lateral pressure, the pressure of the sides of the arch or bridge upon the bases on which they rest. In the construction, however, of such bridges as are proposed to be erected at Hammersmith and Rotherhithe, the iron is made use of so as that its property of Tension should be most effectively and advantageously employed, and the pieces of which the structures are composed, are so adjusted with a view to the mutual dependence of the parts, and the independence of the whole, as to diminish the necessity of bulk, without injury to the strength of the fabrick; and to promote a proportional lightness in its appearance and effect, at the same time it almost annihilates the occasion of the lateral pressure. An illustration of the manner in which the weight or pressure operates, in reference to such an arch, will enable the reader to perceive the way in which these important objects are attained. Let the action of an archer's how be considered, if the upper side of the arch be pressed by the band, while its ends or points are resting on a table. The force applied upon the bow

would

would produce a spread, which, in the case of a bridge, would be termed its lateral pressure, and which in that case would require a corresponding strength and resistance in the building of the abutments or piers. If the cord, however, be attached to the bow, and the same force as before be applied to press it, the cord would seem to pull and counteract the spread to which the bow would be disposed, and prevent any lateral pressure being experienced beyond its points. In the structure of an arch, if formed as a bow of iron, or in that of a bridge, composed of a series of such arches or bows, the like result must be produced, if every arch be furnished with its proper chord of iron, and that chord be, as care should be taken that it should be, of adequate strength. A familiar and accurate idea of such a figure may be conceived, from recollecting that of the brass segment which usually composes part of a case of mathematical instruments. An iron structure of that form, if constituted so as to be made an arch of a bridge, would not, on any scale, require abutments to resist its pressure, or the weight that might be laid upon it. It would rest at its points, upon the upright standards that would be provided to support and raise it above the water, and would press or act upon them, only in a perpendicular direction, and in a way that could most easily and economically be resisted. In this manner, without entering into a detail that might be perplexing if not illustrated by visible figures, some notion, it is apprehended, may be formed, of the shape and structure of an arch of such a bridge as is constructed on the principle of Tenacity; and of the way in which it is supported and elevated. The same principle is resorted to in respect to the form and arrangement of the several other parts of the structure, wherever it is admissible, by giving to the iron pieces the shape of ribs, and connecting them so as to constitute, as much as possible, an independent body that may rest upon perpendicular standards, which are to possess sufficient strength, but to be divested of extravagant bulk. By this construction, the least practicable degree of impediment is presented to the passage of the waters, and the navigation of the river; and the greatest economy may be promoted in the expences of materials and labour, and of course, of time and money. In the article of iron, one half the quantity, it is said, may be saved, that would be requisite to com plete a bridge of the same dimensions, on the ordinary construction.

At a meeting, consisting of Sir Joseph Banks, Messrs. Brande, Hatchett, Wollaston, and Young, it was resolved: — 1. That Mr. Stephenson is not the author of the discovery of the fact, that àn explosion of inflammable gas will not pass through tubes and apertures of small dimensions.-2. That Mr. G. Stephenson was not the first to apply that principle to the construction of a safety lamp, none of the lamps which he made in the year 1815 having been safe: and there being no evidence even of their having been made upon that principle.-3. That Sir Humphrey Davy not only discovered, independently of all others, and without any knowledge of the unpublished experiments of the late Mr. Tennant on flame, the principle of the non-communication of explosions through small apertures, but that he has also the sole merit of having first applied it to the very important purpose of a safety-lamp, which has evidently been imitated in the latest lamps of Mr. George Stephenson.

Whatever slight differences of opinion may exist as to the original discoverer of the Safety Lamp, now become so universal in coal-mines, no difference can exist as to the importance of the discovery it depends is not perhaps so generally known, self. As the principle upon which its safety it may be desirable to explain it. ' It is bustion, will not pass through brass-wire found that gas, in a state of flame or comgauze with pores of certain dimensions, although the gas itself, when not in a state of flame, most readily passes. If a piece the flame of a common gas-light, now so of wire-gauze be held horizontally over common in the streets and shops, the flanie of the gas will burn under the wire-gauze, but it will not pass through it in the state of flame. If again, whilst the wire-gauze is held over the flame, a candle be applied to the upper surface of the gauze, the gas passing through it will immediately kindle. The theory is this:-gas must be heated to a certain degree, either by the immediate contact of flame or some other body, before it will either burn or explode; the gas, in passing through the wire-gauze, loses so much of its heat, or, in other words, the wire-gauze conducts away from it so much of its heat,-as to cool it below the degree in which it will burn or explode: hence the important use of the safetylamp, whilst burning in mixtures of atmospheric air and carburetted hydrogen gas. The wire-gauze, with which the lamp is completely surrounded, cools the gas to a degree below the heat necessary for the explosion to take place; and, consequently, no explosion can happen. In no instance has the safety-lamp been known to fail in preventing explosions in coal. mines, whilst the workmen have continued to keep the wire-gauze around it.

HISTO.

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ARE these the fragments of the glorious prime [world,

Of that great Empire, mistress of the Who, Queen of Nations, high in air unfurl'd

Her standard, and outstretch'd her arm sublime?— [Time; Yes! and they mock at all-devouring For oft, in anger, at yon fane he hurl'd His iron rod, but prostrate at the shrine Of the Great Goddess harmlessly it fell, Till he, struck motionless, as with a spell, [divine. Gazed wildly, and proclaim'd the power Phidias! thou hast immortalized thy name In these thy handy-works, and they will tell

Loud as ten thousand thunderings thy fame Wherever truth and beauty deign to dwell.

CREATION.

A literal Translation of " ΦΩΣ ΓΕΝΕΣen, from "Prolusiones," p. 55. By R. TREVELYAN, A. M. BE LIGHT!" the word divine rush'd thro' the gloom; [deepAnd trembled thro' its void the depthless Whilst calm ambrosial charm'd the ambient swell

GENT. MAG. January, 1818.

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Of night circumfluous then slow, dimey'd light

dark;

(For then the sun was not), sail'd thro' the [gleam And knew not then the well-wing'd rapid Of radiant speed. The messenger of day Darts thro' the darkness of a million

worlds,

Unmeasur'd darkness, as the word of God, Command ineffable, burst forth the eye, The infant eye of newborn Nature leapsThe morn, the roseate queen of loveliness, Thro' orient space, the vernal sweetness breathes [ple blush Nutritious temp'rature pouring her purOne joy of flow'rs, she paints her being's youth.

-

In pomp meridian, the golden blaze Fraternal marches! Hail, thou fount of Rolling the stream of light, thou mighty joy, [swell Of day's one splendour, rich, eternal, flow! Ocean of life unfathom'd. With the soul of song the inward raptures glow'd, and

liv'd

In salient bosom, when first blooming shone The germ of sacred Light; nor ceas'd the plaint, [cast

Till Eve, her beauteous eyelid closing, The sceneless shade along the sylvan world. [Queen, Dearest to deep of thought, majestic Darkness, march forth. Who from the depth of gloom

Call'd forth our Sun? who gave him heav'n's expanse,

His golden monarchy ? to wand'ring orbs Who gave returning wish? sure the great God [gave,

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Some mystic soul, some planet instinct
To th' other worlds, that thro' the waste of
night
[pos'd,
Their varied course pursue; in them re-
Perhaps the better sleep, no longer cloth'd
In clay'd mortality, our being's vest,-
The night-ey'd vision of an earthly dream!
Who tried the wilderness of other gloom
By human ken unscann'd-to whom has
Dark

Open'd her fold of monster-looking † eye?
Newton, I thee invoke, that lift'st thy torch
To wondrous night, lend me thy mansions'
key!
[shed,

Did light herself such charm of wonder Till thine own, heav'n-directed ken, disclos'd [varied hue?

The Rainbow's seven - stream'd font of

*The centripetal force, &c.

+ Topywròs, an epithet often used with "Night," &c.

Cleansing

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