A view from the Gale, will be found marked No. 5, in the large etchings.

Ulls Water.

Ulls Water may be visited from Ambleside, from Penrith, and from Keswick; but most conveniently from the two former places.

Travellers approaching the lakes by the way of Penrith, may make a day's excursion to Haws Water; and from Penrith they may pass the whole western side of Ulls Water, through Patterdale by Brother Water, over Kirkstone to Ambleside; or from Penrith proceed to Keswick; but the best way is first to visit Ambleside rather than Keswick, as by that route the country will be seen to most advantage, particularly by those who travel in close carriages.

Penrith.

**Penrith, as our best antiquarians affirm, signifies, in the British, red hill, and hath its name from the hill of red stone adjoining: although Dr. Todd says it hath its denomination from a Roman colony Petriana, where the Ala Petriana kept 'garrison, about three miles north of it, out of whose ruins the town had its original."

At the time of the Norman conquest, the manor of Penrith, and the forest of Inglewood,

* Burns' History of Cumberland.

'within which forest, Penrith is situate), were in the possession of the Scots, but they were soon after dispossessed of them by the English. In the reign of King John, William, King of Scotland, claimed the whole three counties of Northumberland, Cumberland, and Westmorland. John obtained from William fifteen thousand silver marks, but the marriages negociated between the royal families of the two countries, at the same period, never took place.

King Henry the third, the son and successor of John, renewed with Alexander, the son of William, those differences which had divided their fathers. A new matrimonial union was agreed upon, but Henry, faithless as his predecessor, flew from his engagements. Their quarrel was finally adjusted, through the interference of the Pope, whose decision was favourable to the English monarch, as will be seen from the following specimen of the treaty concluded between them, in which to satisfy the claim to the whole of the three northern counties, "the said Henry gives and grants to the said Alexander, 200 librates of land, in the counties of Northumberland and Cumberland, if the said librates can be found in any of the towns where no castle is situate; if not, the deficiency to be made up in places near the said two counties."

In 1251, Alexander died, and was succeeded by his son Alexander, who married Margaret, daughter of Henry the third, who confirmed to his son-in-law, the aforesaid grant of 200

librates of land, and gave to him a bond of 5000 marks of silver for her marriage portion. From this circumstance, those lands received the name of the Queen's haims (or demesnes); but Alexander dying without issue, caused the famous decision of the ambitious Edward the first, as umpire on the claims of Baliol, Bruce, and Hastings, in favour of the first mentioned chieftain, but Edward subsequently quarrelling with Baliol, seized on his English lands, and granted them to Anthony Beck, the military Bishop of Durham: but the parliament of Carlisle, probably, through Edward's intrigues, restored them to the king.

Penrith suffered much in the reign of Edward the third; "for the Scots, to the number of thirty thousand, entered Cumberland, burnt Penrith, and carried the inhabitants captive into Scotland, where they sold them, like cattle, to the best bidder."

"In the reign of Richard the second, the Scots made another inroad into the country, and destroyed Penrith, and carried off the goods of the inhabitants"; but for these losses, compensation was in some sort made by Richard as had been done on a like occasion, by his grandfather Edward, by granting them and their heirs common pasture for their cattle in the forest of Inglewood." Mr. Hutchinson says, "Penrith was formerly a part of the see of Durham, but in the time of the ambitious Anthony Beck, King Edward the first dismembered it. It is said in a compromise of differ

ences between Henry the third, and Alexan der the Scottish King, that Henry stipulated to grant "to Alexander 200 librates of land, (each librate being four oxgangs, or as some compute, of twenty pounds a year value), in Northumberland or Cumberland, if so, much of Henry's land could be found therein, where no castle stood; and that Penrith was part of his grant. It is not doubted, that Henry the sixth possessed this castle, and restored it. Richard Duke of Gloucester, afterwards Richard the third, about the year 1472, married Ann, the widow of Edward Prince of Wales, son to Henry the seventh, and daughter and co-heiress of Richard Nevil, Earl of Warwick and Salisbury, by whom, (as part of her dowry), he had the honour of Penrith ;he repaired and beautified this castle, and made it the chief place of his residence; where from his munificence and noble manner of living, he acquired great popularity and esteem, in so much that he drew from thence five thousand men to honour or support his coronation. This castle was afterwards dismantled in the time of the protector Cromwell, and has lain in ruins ever since. In the time of William the third, it was granted to William Bentick, Earl of Port. land."

The castle stands on the western side of the town; as a painter's object, it has not much to attract notice: it "seems to have been a place of some strength and consideration, but not very ancient, for when the 200 librates of land (as aforesaid) of which Penrith was part, were

given to the king of Scotland by Henty the third, there was a special reservation that those lands should not be where there were any castles."

The politic Richard the third, when Duke of Gloucester, resided in this castle for the double purpose of opposing the inroading Scots, and of keeping in awe the neighbouring country which was generally inclined towards the house of Lancaster. Mr. Houseman says, "Penrith stands at the foot of a considerable eminence in a pleasant open vale. The country for seve ral miles to the south east and west, is fertile and well cultivated. On the north side of the town an extensive common darkens the prospect for eight or ten miles," and Mr. Hutchinson makes use of these words, "we lamented to see such extensive wastes and uncultivated lands adjoining so beautiful a place as Penrith, whose situation must circumscribe its trade.' These gentlemen speak of Inglewood forest, which is now inclosed, and promises to be a most productive and valuable granary to the north of England.

The fertility spoken of by Mr. Houseman, is decorated in a most amusing and endless variety by the richest woods, particularly on the banks of the Eamont and the Eden, amongst which are intermixed many ancient buildings and modern seats, of which some notice will be taken in another place.

The view from Penrith beacon of the surrounding country is greatly admired, and this view