TABLES. TABLE 1. Exports of Cottonseed-oil, 1870 to 1903. . 2. Number of Establishments, Quantity, Cost, and Average Cost per Ton of Cottonseed Crushed; and Quantity, Value, and Average Value per Unit of Products Manufactured: 1900 3. Number of Establishments, Average Consumption of Seed, Average Production per Ton of Seed, and per Cent. of Each Product to Total. XII. Census..... 4. Comparative Summary of the Quantity and Value of the Cotton and Cottonseed Produced in 1899 and Relative Value to Total Crop of Manufactured and Unmanufactured Seed..... 5. Statistics of the Cottonseed Industry of the United States. 6. Food Constituents of Cottonseed.. 7. Fertilizing Constituents of Cottonseed.. PAGE 24. 25. 26 28. 30 42 43 8. Specific Gravity of Refined Cottonseed-oil at Different Temperatures.. 101 9. Percentage of Sodium Hydrate in Lyes made from Various Grades of 10. Specific Gravity of Solutions of Pure Caustic Soda. 11. Food Constituents of Cottonseed-oil Meal... 12. Fertilizing Materials in Cottonseed-oil Meal. 13. Food Constituents of Cottonseed-hulls.. 14. Fertilizing Constituents in Cottonseed-hull Ashes.. 119 131 151 152 158 161 TABLES. TABLE 1. Exports of Cottonseed-oil, 1870 to 1903. 2. Number of Establishments, Quantity, Cost, and Average Cost per Ton of Cottonseed Crushed; and Quantity, Value, and Average Value per Unit of Products Manufactured: 1900 3. Number of Establishments, Average Consumption of Seed, Average Production per Ton of Seed, and per Cent. of Each Product to Total. XII. Census.... 4. Comparative Summary of the Quantity and Value of the Cotton and Cottonseed Produced in 1899 and Relative Value to Total Crop of Manufactured and Unmanufactured Seed.... 5. Statistics of the Cottonseed Industry of the United States. 6. Food Constituents of Cottonseed.... 7. Fertilizing Constituents of Cottonseed... PAGE 24 25 26 28. 30 42 43 8. Specific Gravity of Refined Cottonseed-oil at Different Temperatures.. IOI 9. Percentage of Sodium Hydrate in Lyes made from Various Grades of Commercial Caustic. 10. Specific Gravity of Solutions of Pure Caustic Soda. 11. Food Constituents of Cottonseed-oil Meal. . . . 12. Fertilizing Materials in Cottonseed-oil Meal. . 13. Food Constituents of Cottonseed-hulls. 14. Fertilizing Constituents in Cottonseed-hull Ashes.. 119 131 151 152 158 161 COTTONSEED PRODUCTS. CHAPTER I. THE COTTON-PLANT. The Plant. Geographical Distribution. Area of Cultivation in the United States. The Fibre. Ginning. Baling. The Seed. To the technical student of cottonseed products, and especially to those who are chiefly concerned with their practical utilization, interest in the plant that bears the seed involves application to a remote province of work. Likewise the art for which the plant is primarily cultivated is, in its intricacy, extent, and numerous branches, equally remote. Our present interest in the cotton-plant is confined to its function of bearing an oil-producing seed and in nowise includes the utilization of the fibre with which the seed is covered. Wherever the plant is cultivated seed is produced, and from the seed may be expressed a valuable oil. Our interest in the subject of its geographical distribution and area of cultivation is chiefly from the standpoint of present and prospective supplies of seed and oil. The Plant. The cotton-plant in a state of nature is a perennial shrub growing to a height of 6 to 8 feet, but in cultivation it is an annual or biennial 3 to 4 feet high, with main stem erect, with smooth, graceful, slender, spreading branches bearing three to five-lobed leaves. On planting the seed is drilled in rows about four feet apart, and as the seed sprouts, the plants are thinned out to about a foot apart. The earliest planting occurs in southern Texas March 1; the |