* Estimated on the basis of 7.5 pounds per gallon. Table 3 also shows the average quantity of products per ton of seed for the United States in 1900, as follows: Crude oil, 37.6 gallons (equivalent to 282 pounds); cake and meal, 713 pounds; hulls, 943 pounds; linters, 23 pounds; and waste, 39 pounds. The technical data elaborated in Table 3 relative to the yield of crude oil and oil-cake, the two most important products, make possible an exposition, along broad lines, of many phases of the growth and present magnitude of the cottonseed-oil industry. Unginned cotton consists of two parts by weight of seed and one part by weight of lint; thus seed- or unginned cotton, "thirds itself" at the gin. Therefore from the total yield of cotton for any given year a fairly accurate estimate can be made of the total crop of cottonseed by multiplying the total yield of lint cotton by two. The quantity of cottonseed raised having thus been ascertained, it is equally well known that under average conditions, as confirmed by Table 3, the yield of the two important products will be oil, about 40 gallons (300 lbs.), and oil-cake, about 700 pounds, from each ton of seed. Thus knowing what proportion of the total cottonseed crop is actually manufactured each year in a gen TABLE 4.-COMPARATIVE SUMMARY OF THE QUANTITY AND VALUE OF THE COTTON AND COTTONSEED PRODUCED IN 1899, AND RELATIVE VALUE TO TOTAL CROP OF MANUFACTURED AND UNMANUFACTURED SEED. Alabama. United States... 2,479,386 $28,632,616 $42,411,835 $393,182,598 $419,208,296 172,093 2,019,085 2,952,254 45,152,214 48,075,003. Arkansas. 190,015 Georgia. 271,833 3,246,814 4,787,100 2,245,710 3,188,812 29,571,006 31,320,855 53,307,510 56,797,565 Indian Territory. . 6,382,646 * Does not include $313,232, the value of the cotton product of Kentucky and Virginia, there being no oil-mills reported from those States. Includes the statistics reported by establishments distributed as follows: Florida, 1: Kansas, 1 Missouri, 2; Illinois, 1. 11,519,656 378,350 eral way, the quantities of the products manufactured therefrom can be determined. The census investigations disclosed the fact (Table 4) that 53.1 per cent of the cottonseed crop of 1899-1900 was utilized in manufacture; the average yield of oil per ton of seed manufactured for the entire country during that year was 37.6 gallons; the yield of oil-cake, 713 pounds per ton. These figures indicate that the commonly accepted commercial estimates upon this industry for previous years were fairly close approximations. Table 5 following, therefore, gives the total cottonseed crop, the percentage of the crop utilized in manufacture, the quantity of seed actually manufactured, the gallons of oil and tons of oil-cake produced, the exports of oil, of oil-cake and meal, and the quantities of oil retained for home consumption from 1872, when exports of cottonseed-oil were first given separately in export statements, up to 1903 inclusive. TABLE 5.-STATISTICS OF THE COTTONSEED INDUSTRY OF THE UNITED STATES. 1898 5,252,767 40 1899 5,471,521 43 1,628,040 65,122,000 569,800 27,198,882 37,923,118 735,300 40,230,784 1901 4,830,280 3988 2,415,140 823,400 50,627,219 43,482,781 884,391 46,902,390 46,423,339 845,299 49,356,741 1902 4,983,239 бо 2,975,000 119,000,000 1,041,250 23,042,848 1903 5,208,000 60 3,277,233 131,089,320 1,146,532 35,642,994 1900 4,668,346 53 2,479,386 93,325,729 *Exports of oil-cake since 1895 have been as follows (in tons of 2000 pounds): 1895. 244,858 tons; 1896, 202,468 tons; 1897, 311,693 tons; 1898, 459,863 tons; 1899, 539,996 tons, 1900, 571,852 tons; 1901, 629,343 tons; 1902, 525,233 tons; 1903, 550,196 tons. 43,813,216 96,605,600 47,248,859 85,957,152 95,447,326 CHAPTER III. SUMMARY OF PROCEDURE OF UTILIZATION OF COTTONSEED. Receiving and Storing Seed. Cleaning Seed. Reginning Seed. Hulling Seed. Separating Meats and Hulls. Crushing Meats. Cooking Meats. Cake-forming. Oil-expression. Treatment of Crude Oil. Treatment of Cake. Yield of Products per Ton Seed. Economic Considerations. Recent Statistics. By reference to Fig. 12, in which is shown a diagram of a crudeoil mill, the course of treatment to which cottonseed is subjected may be readily traced. The distribution of power from the main shaft to the various machines by belting is clearly indicated. In Fig. 13 are shown the relative locations of the receiving and storage house for lint cotton, the ginnery, seed storage house, and oil-mill. The latter plan shows the equipment required for the combined enterprises of cotton-ginning and oil-expression for a daily ginnery capacity of 35 to 40 bales with a corresponding daily yield of seed of from 15 to 20 tons. By this plan the seed as they fall from the gins are passed directly to the seed-house. The location of the steamplant for both ginnery and oil-mill at the latter place removes a potent source of danger from the ginnery. The power required for a ginnery of the capacity stated is from 30 to 60 horse-power; for the oil-mill from 50 to 60 horse-power. An oil-mill with a daily capacity of 15 to 20 tons of seed will consume 2000 to 2500 tons of seed per season of 5 to 6 months' duration. Receiving lint cotton and separating the seed by ginning have already been described. We may pass directly to the seed. Receiving and Storing Seed.-The capacity of an oil-mill is expressed by the number of tons of seed that can be worked up per day of twenty-four hours. As this varies from 15 to 200 tons and sometimes more, ample storage capacity for receiving and storing |