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stead of printing Wynton's manuscript (nine chapters) | that never seem to rise to the spirit or harmony of poetry; and as he found it,

"Mr. Macpherson therefore in his edition has suppressed all the extraneous and foreign appendages, only preserving the metrical contents of the chapters, by which the reader may know the nature of what is withheld; and taking care that nothing which relates to the British islands, whether true or fabulous, is overlooked. It is not likely that any future editor of Wyntown will adopt a different plan, [we hope otherwise ;] so that those parts which Mr. Macpherson has omitted may be considered as having commenced the undisturbed sleep of oblivion." -Chambers and Thomson's Biog. Dict. of Em. Scots., ed. 1855, iv. 494.

I will confess that I never could exert the patience to wade entirely through them."-SIR S. E. BRYDGES: Phillips's Theatrum Poet. Anglic., 333, (q. v.)

"This very dull and wearisome performance, of more than 160 quarto pages, has been called 'a very valuable tract,' (Cens. Lit., v. 70;) but it really possesses no merit of a technical kind, and the two long poems of which it mainly consists are about the worst performances in verse that appeared at a date remarkable for the excellence of its poetry."-J. P. COLLIER: Acct. of Early Eng. Lit., 1865, vol. ii.

See, also, Cens. Lit., i. 149, 150; Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon., ii. 217; Noble's College of Arms; Moule's Bibl. Herald., xl. 216. Wyrley left collections, afterwards used by his friend William Burton, for a History of Lei

Let us have Wyntown's whole story, from the creation and the birth of Cain to the death of the Duke of Albany. His Cronykil, which is in couplets, chiefly of eight syl-cestershire. lables, though lines of ten and others of six syllables frequently occur, was undertaken at the suggestion of an ancestor of the Earls of Wemyss:

"This tretys symplly

I made at the instans of a larde

That hade my serwys in his warde,
Schyr Ihone of the Wemys be rycht name,
Ane honest knycht and of gude fame."

"In Wyntoun's Chronicle the historian may find what, for want of more ancient records, which have long ago perished, we must now consider as the original accounts of many transactions, and also many events related from his own knowledge or the reports of eye-witnesses. His faithful adherence to his authorities appears from comparing his accounts with unquestionable vouchers, such as the Foedera Angliæ, and the existing remains of the Register of the Priory of St. Andrews,'-that venerable monument of ancient Scottish history and antiquities, generally coeval with the facts recorded in it,-whence he has given large extracts almost literally translated."-DAVID MACPHERSON: Preface to the Cronykil.

See, also, MACPHERSON, DAVID, No. 1. Macpherson based his edition on the royal MS. in the British Museum, but he consulted other MSS. in that institution and in the Advocates' Library. There are also other MSS. extant, e.g. one in the Lansdowne collection, (lately added to the British Museum,) and one in the library of Captain Weymss of Wemyss, and who has a better right to it?

Selden, Pinkerton, Hales, Ruddiman, (in his edition of Buchanan, Innes, (in his Critical Essay on the Ancient Inhabitants of Scotland,) and Sir Walter Scott, (in his narrative poems,) give evidence of their knowledge of the pages of Andrew of Wyntoune. See, also, Mackenzie's Scotch Writers; David Irving's Scotch Poets; Ellis's Specimens.

Wynyard, Montagu John, Rector of St. Martin's and West Rounton, Yorkshire. Sermons [34] on Christian Duties, Lon., 1832, 8vo.

Wyon, Frederick W. 1. Poems, Lon., 1859, fp. 8vo, pp. 144. 2. Edwin and Ethelburga; a Drama, 1860, fp. 8vo.

"The language of the play is as simple as that of the Prologue."-Lon. Athen., 1861, i. 595.

Wyon, Thomas, Chief Engraver of the Royal Mint, was b. at Birmingham, 1792, d. near Hastings, 1817. See Memoir of him, and account of his labours, in Lon. Gent. Mag., 1818, i. 179, (by Mr. Sainthill,) 199,

607, ii. 122, and Olla Podrida, 22.

Wyon, William, cousin of the preceding, and also Chief Engraver of the Royal Mint, was b. at Birming ham, 1795, and d. at Brighton, 1851. See Memoir of the Life and Works of William Wyon, Esq., A.R.A., Chief Engraver of the Royal Mint, by Nicholas Carlisle, Esq., D.C.L., F.R.S., &c. &c., Lon., 1837, Svo: privately printed, (reviewed in Lon. Gent. Mag., 1837, i. 389, and Lon. Lit. Gaz., 1837, 189;) Lon. Gent. Mag., with portrait, 1851, ii. 609: William Wyon and his works.

Wyrley, or Wirley, William, a native of Leicestershire, who resided in his earlier years with Sampson

Erdeswicke, was Rouge-Croix Pursuivant of Arms from May 15, 1604, until his death, Feb. 1617-18.

The Trve Vse of Armorie, shewed by Historie, and plainly proued by Example, &c., Lon., 1592, 4to, pp. 162. Bibl. Anglo-Poet., £7 78.; Roxburghe, 3334, £4 148. 6d. Currer, 2606, mor., £3 188. New ed., 1853, sm. 4to, 75 copies, 48. 6d.; 1. p., 4to, 25 copies, 98. In his Antient Usage of Bearing Arms, 1682, 12mo, pp. 6-46, Dugdale republishes a part of this tract, and ascribes it, on the authority of Burton, author of the History of Leicestershire, (who had the story from Erdeswicke, and told it to Dugdale,) to Erdeswicke. But Wood, who knew Wyrley well, tells us Erdeswicke "was oftentimes crazed," and warns us not to believe him. At the end of the Trve Vse of Armorie, which occupies but 28 pages, are two poems by Wyrley, entitled Lord Chandos, and Capitall de Buz.

"These compositions are dull, creeping, historical narratives,

Wyse, Francis, brother of Sir Thomas Wyse, (infra.) 1. Federalism,-its Inapplicability to the Wants and Necessities of the Country, Dubl. and Lon., 1844, Svo, pp. 46.

"Exceedingly creditable to the good sense, talents, and patriotism of the writer."-Lon. Quar. Rev., 1xxv. 225.

2. America, its Realities and Resources, &c., Lon., 1846, 3 vols. 8vo.

"It is uncandid, illiberal, unfair,-not occasionally, but systematically.. He seems to look at every thing American with the eye not merely of prejudice, but of dislike-deeply rooted and long confirmed."-Lon. Athen., 1846, 884.

"Mr. Wyse's book far exceeds all recent books on America in the amount of information it conveys, and the importance of the subjects of which it treats, which must recommend it to men of business and intending emigrants as well as to political inquirers."-Lon. M. Chron.

Wyse, John, a Roman Catholic priest. Manual of the Confraternity of La Salette; comprising Every Information concerning La Salette, with Devotions for the Confraternities established in England, Lon., 1856, fp. Svo. Censured by Edin. Rev., July, 1857, art. i.

Wyse, Rt. Hon. Thomas, K.C.B., eldest son of Thomas Wyse, of the Manor of St. John, near Waterford, b. 1791, was educated at Stonyhurst, and at Trinity College, Dublin, where he obtained honours; entered as a student at Lincoln's Inn, but was not called to the Bar; married in 1821 the daughter of Lucien Bonaparte, Prince of Canino, and separated from her in 1828; M.P. for Tipperary, 1830-32, and for Waterford City, 183547; a Lord of the Treasury, 1839-41; Joint Secretary to the Board of Control, 1846-49; appointed MinisterPlenipotentiary at Athens, 1849, (on which occasion he was made a Privy Councillor,) and d. there, April 15, 1862.

1. Historical Sketch of the Late Catholic Association See Lon. Quar. Rev., of Ireland, Lon., 1829, 2 vols. 8vo. 2. Education xvii. 118-171: Romanism in Ireland. Reform; or, The Necessity of a National System of Education: vol. i., 1837, 8vo.

"It is the production of a man who unites the character of a statesman with that of a philosopher,-who has corrected theory by practice, and tested the results of thought by expe

rience and observation."-Lon. Athen., 1837, 114.

See, also, Education Reform: a Review of Wyse on the Necessity of a National System of Education, by B. F. Foster, N. York, 1837, 8vo. The neglect of a national The History of King Leir and his Three Daughters, from system of education is a reproach to Great Britain. 3. the Original Anglo-Saxon, Hertford, 8vo.

4. Little Red Riding-Hood: a Drama, in Five Acts; Translated from the German of Ludwig Tieck, with Illustrations, fp. 4to. He also published Oriental Sketches, Walks in Rome, and many articles in periodicals. Since his death has appeared-5. An Excursion in the Peloponnesus in the Year 1858; Edited by his Niece, Winifrede M. Wyse, with Illustrations, Lon., Day & Son, 1865, 2 vols. sup. r. 8vo, pp. xxvi., 657, £3 38.

"To Sir Thomas yse was committed the ungrateful task of collecting information as to what really were the financial resources of Greece. He travelled in safety, at all events, and his diary is not at all discouraging."-Lon. Reader, 1865, ii. 423.

Wythe, George, b. in Elizabeth City co., Virginia, 1725, was a member of the Continental Congress, 1775, and a signer of the Declaration of Independence, 1776; one of the committee to revise the laws of Virginia, 1776-79; Speaker of the Virginia House of Delegates, 1777; Judge of the High Court of Chancery of Virginia, 1777; and subsequently appointed sole Chancellor, which office he held for more than twenty years, until his death, June 8, 1806.

Decisions of Cases in Virginia by the High Court of Chancery: with Remarks upon Decrees by the Court of Appeals reversing some of those Decisions, Richmond, 1795, fol. See 4 Callis, Rep., 14. Second and only Complete Edition, with a Memoir of the Author, by B. B.

Minor, containing References to Cases in Pari Materia,
and an Essay on Lapse Joint Tenants and Tenants in
Common, &c., by William Green, 1852, 8vo.
"Containing many very learned notes by Mr. Green. No
American Reporter has ever been so learnedly and carefully
edited."- Wallace's Rep., 3d ed., 1855, 346, n.

See Life of Wythe (by William Rudolph Smith) in Sanderson's Lives of the Signers; Jefferson's Writings, passim; Griswold's Repub. Court, ed. 1856, 67, 68, 69, 232, 275; Randall's Life of Jefferson, i. 1858, 30, 185; Grigsby's Discourse on Governor Tazewell, 1860, 84; JEFFERSON, THOMAS, (supra.)

"No man ever left behind him a character more venerated

than George Wythe. His virtue was of the purest tint, his integrity inflexible, and his justice exact. . . . Such was George Wythe, the honour of his own and the model of future times." | THOMAS JEFFERSON: from notes made in 1820 for a biography of Wythe.

This is high testimony from a pupil and a friend. Wythe, Rev. W. W. Germs for Sermons, Phila., 1869, 12mo, pp. 219.

What an excellent thing it would be if preachers would occasionally, at least, (and avowedly,) favour us with some of the best of the many good sermons in which the divinity of Great Britain is so rich, instead of their own compositions!

Wyther, George. See WITHER, GEORGE. Wythers, Fabian. See WITHERS, FABIAN. Wythers, George. See WITHERS, GEORGE. Wythers, Stephen. Translation from the French of Calvin's Treatise on Saints' Bodies and other Reliques, &c., Lon., 1561, 16mo.

Wythes, Rev. Joseph, M.D. 1. The Microscopist: a Complete Manual on the Use of the Microscope, Phila., 1850, 12mo; 2d ed., 1853, 12mo. 2. Curiosities of the Microscope, 1852, sq. 16mo. 3. Physician's Pocket Dose and Symptom Book, 1852, 24mo; 8th ed., 1869.

Wythorne, Thomas. Songs for Five Voyces, with the Musical Notes, now newly published in Five Parts, Lon., John Daye, 1571, sm. ob. 4to. Pickering, Pt. 1, title and some leaves MS., £1.

Wyvill, Sir Christopher. 1. Certaine Serious Thoughts, (religious poems,) Lon., 1647, sm. 8vo. Utterson, in 1852, £2. Noticed in Cens. Lit., 1st ed., vii. 262, where it is ascribed to C. Warwick. 2. The Pretensions of the Triple Crown Examined, &c., 1672, 8vo. 1686, published five single sermons, 1685-96. Wyvill, or Wyvell, Christopher, Dean of Ripon,

Wyvill, Christopher, Rector of Black Notley, Essex. tempt of the County of York, &c. to attempt a Refor1. Political Papers, chiefly representing the At

mation of the Parliament of Great Britain, Lon., 17941808, 6 vols. 8vo. 2. Intolerance the Disgrace of Christians, not the Fault of their Religion, 1809, 8vo; 2d ed., 1809, 8vo. Censured by Lon. Quar. Rev., ii. 301. 3. Political and Historical Arguments proving the Necessity of Parliamentary Reform, 1811, 2 vols. 8vo. See YATE, WALTER HONEYWOOD, No. 3; YATES, J. A., No. 2. He Bibl. Brit. ;) and after his death appeared-4. Letters on published other political treatises, &c., (q. v. in Watt's respondence of the Late Christopher Wyvill; with an the Subject of Universal Toleration; from Original CorAppendix by George Harrison, 1825, 8vo.

"Wyvill is so stupid that he cannot even write English; and the first York Association paper, which is written by Wyvill, is neither sense nor grammar."-HORACE WALPOLE: Walpoliana, 91, and Walpole's Letters, ed. 1861, viii. 455, n.

See, also, 178, and vii. 343, 347, n., 353.

Wyvill, Fanny Susan. 1. Pansies: Poems, Lon., 1861, fp. 8vo. 2. Love and Mammon, and other Poems, 1863, fp. 8vo.

"This volume of Poems is far beyond the average of those which descend in shoals upon the reluctant critic."-Lon. Critic, 1863.

Wyvill, Richard Augustus, late Major of the 3d Veteran Battalion. Sketch of his Late Military Life; with Descriptions of Various Parts of the World in which he has been Stationed, &c., Lon., 1820, 8vo. See Lon. Mon. Rev., 1821, i. 445. Wyville, or Wyvill, John. Sermon, Lu. xxiv. 36, Lon., 1713, 4to.

X.

Xariffa's Poems, Phila., 1870, cr. 8vo, pp. 262. Com- | spatches exchanged between the Greek Government and prises about 150 poems and sonnets.

Xenos, Stefanos, a native of Greece, for many years past a resident of London. 1. The Devil in Turkey; or, Scenes in Constantinople; Translated from the Author's Unpublished Greek Manuscript by Henry Corpe, Lon., E. Wilson, 1850, 3 vols. p. 8vo.

"Dramatic, ingenious, and inventive."-Lon. Lit. Gaz., 1850,

763.

"A rich jumble of materials, good and bad."-Lon. Athen.,

1850, 1117.

2. Η Ηρωις της Ελληνικής Επαναστάσεως, ήτοι Σκηνάι εν Ελλάδι απο τον Έτους 1821–28, [i.e. The Heroine of the Greek Revolution; or, Scenes in Greece from the Year 1821-28,] 1861, Lon., published by the author. It should be read in connection with Tricoupi's History,

supra.

A modern Greek historical novel, written by a Greek, printed and published in London, is a valuable literary curiosity, and should be secured by the collector. Mr. Xenos occasionally ap proaches the ancient language very closely, and endeavours to give that rhetorical turn and make use of those concise parti ciple forms which characterize the ancient language."-Lon. Athen., 1861, ii. 508.

3. East and West: a Diplomatic History of the Annexation of the Ionian Islands to the Kingdom of Greece; Accompanied by a Translation of the De

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its Plenipotentiary at London, and a Collection of the Principal Treaties, Conventions, and Protocols, concerning the Ionian Islands and Greece, concluded between 1797 and 1864, Lon., Trübner, 1865, sup. r. 8vo, pp. iv., 303.

"In no sense of the word does it deserve the name of a history. The writing is good, but the statements are undeserving of implicit credence. The really valuable portion of it is that wherein all the diplomatic correspondence and other important documents are given at length."-Lon. Reader, 1865, i. 391.

Xeres, John. An Address to the Jews, containing his Reasons for leaving the Jewish and embracing the Christian Religion, Lon., 1710, 8vo.

X & Y. Long Vacation Rambles in Sweden and Norway, Camb., 1857, 12mo.

X, Y, Z. Spain, Tangier, &c. Visited in 1840 and 1841, Lon., 1845, p. 8vo. A series of letters, said to be by a lady, addressed to a male friend, who published them without her knowledge.

"We are quite sure that she owes him no gratitude for it.... The hasty record of a hasty glance."-Lon. Athen., 1845, 607. "On the whole, we have had few sketches of Spain better worth attention. . . . They are full of lively incident and sagacious observation."-Lon. Exam., 1841.

Read, with this book, A Guide to Spain, by H. O'Shea, 1865, cr. 8vo. See, also, FORD, RICHARD.

Y.

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Sir Robert Cotton.

Yalden, or, correctly written, Youlding, Thomas, D.D., was, according to Wood, (whose account we follow in preference to Biog. Brit., Jacob's Poets, and Johnson's Poets,) the son of Thomas Youlding, an exciseman in Oxford, and b. at that place, Jan. 2, 1669-70; admitted of Magdalene College, Oxford, (where he was intimate with Sacheverell and Addison,) 1690, and became Fellow, 1700; presented to the living of Willoughby, Warwickshire, 1700, and chosen Lecturer of Moral Philosophy at Oxford, 1701; became Rector of Chalton and Cleanville in Hertfordshire, and had also the sinecure prebends of Deans, Harris, and Pendles in Devonshire; Preacher of Bridewell Hospital, 1713; arrested for supposed complicity with what is known as Bishop Atterbury's Plot, in 1722, but soon cleared and released; d. July 16, 1736. He published an Ode for St. Cecilia's Day, 1693; On the Conquest of Namur, a Pindaric Ode, 1695, fol.; The Temple of Fame, a Poem, 1700, fol.; a collection of fables in verse, under the title of Esop at Court, 1702, repub. in Nichols's Collection, vol. iv. 198226; an Essay on the Character of Sir Willoughby Ashton, a Poem, 1704, fol.; On the Mines of Carbery Price, a Poem; A Hymn to Darkness; A Hymn to Light; a translation of the Second Book of Ovid's Art of Love, and other translations and poems; a Sermon on Daniel iv. 27, 1721, 4to, and a Sermon on Isaiah lviii. 10, 11, 1728, 4to. Nine of his poems are in Dryden's (Tonson's) Third Miscellany, 1693, 8vo, and 1726; seven in Dryden's Fourth Miscellany, 1694, 8vo; some in Lintot's Miscellanies, 1709 and 1726; some in Nichols's Collection, vols. iii. and iv.; and collections of his poems, with memoirs, will be found in the British Poets of Johnson and Chalmers, vol. xi., Dr. Anderson, vol. vii., and Robert Walsh, vol. xvii.

"Of his poems, many are of that irregular kind which, when he formed his poetical character, was supposed to be Pindaric. Having fixed his attention on Cowley as a model, he has attempted in some sort to rival him, and has written a Hymn to Darkness,' evidently as a counterpart to Cowley's Hymn to Light.' This hymn seems to be his best performance, and is, for the most part, imagined with great vigour and expressed with great propriety.... His Hymn to Light' is not equal to the other.... Of his other poems it is sufficient to say that they deserve perusal, though they are not always exactly polished, though his rhymes are sometimes very ill sorted, and though his faults seem rather the omissions of idleness than the negligences of enthusiasm."-DR. JOHNSON: Lives of the Eng. Poets, Cunning ham's ed., (in which some of Johnson's errors are corrected,) 1854, ii. 314, 315.

Johnson tells us (Life of Dr. Watts) that it was by his recommendation that the poems of Yalden, Pomfret, Watts, and Blackmore were included in the edition of the English Poets for which he furnished the Lives. As a prose writer, Yalden is favourably known by Squire Bickerstaff Detected; or, The Astrological Impostor Convicted, a mock answer to Swift's attacks on Partridge, (see PARTRIDGE, JOHN,) written by Yalden at the request of the latter, and published by him in his own name, in entire innocence respecting the joke. This witty piece was republished in Swift's Works. See Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon., iv. 601, Cibber's Lives, and authorities

above cited.

Yale, Cyrus, b. at Lee, Mass., 1786, graduated at Williams College, 1811, was pastor of a church in New Hartford, Conn., 1814 to 1834, and (having had charge of a church at Ware, Mass., 1834-37) from 1837 until his death, May 21, 1854. 1. Life of the Rev. Jeremiah Halleck, Hartford, 1828, 12mo; 1830, 12mo. 2. Miniature of the Life of the Rev. Alvan Hyde, D.D., 8. a. 3. Biographical Sketches of the Ministers of Litchfield County after the Year 1800, 1852. Also, single sermons, addresses, &c. See Sprague's Annals, ii., Trin. Congreg.,

615.

Yale, Elihu. The Yale Family; or, The Descendants of David Yale, with Genealogical Notices of each Family, New Haven, 1850, 8vo, pp. 201.

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"A very full and clear account of the family here, arranged on a very good plan."-Whitmore's Amer. Genealog., Ixxii. Yale, Elisha, D.D., b. at Lee, Mass., 1780, was minister of a church at Kingsborough, New York, 180452, and d. Jan. 9, 1853.

1. Divine Method of Raising Charitable Contributhe Use of Individuals, Families, and Schools, Roches2. Select Verse System, for tions, Bost., 1845, tract. He also published single sermons, and ter, 1853, 12mo. articles in periodicals, and left in MS. a Review of a Pastorate of Forty-Eight Years, and Helps to Cultivate the Conscience. See Sprague's Annals, iv., Presbyterian, 348.

Yale, Gregory, Counsellor-at-Law. Legal Titles to Mining Claims and Water Rights in California, under the Mining Law of Congress of July, 1866, San Francisco, 1868, pp. xxiii., 452.

"It will be found an indispensable work in its department.”— Amer. Lit. Gaz., Mar. 2, 1868.

Yancey, B. See POTTER, H.

Yandell, Lunsford P., M.D. 1. Narrative of the Dissolution of the Medical Faculty of Transylvania University, Nashville, 1837, 8vo. 2. History of the Climate and Diseases of Tennessee, 8vo. 3. On Etherization: a Paper read before the Medical Society of Louisville, Louisville, 1848, 8vo. 4. Introductory Lecture to the Medical Class of the University of Louisville, 1848, 8vo.

Yapp, G. W. 1. Art Educator at Home and Abroad, Lon., 1853, 12mo. See Lon. Athen., 1853, 134. 2. Duties on Imports into France, 1855, 8vo.

Yard, T., of Exeter College, Oxford, Rector of Ashwell, Rutland. Prayers for the Use of Young Persons in Families and Schools, Compiled, Oxf. and Lon., 1864, fp. 8vo.

Yard, Thomas. Sermons on our Relation to the Holy Trinity and to the Church of God, Lon., 1858, 12mo.

2. The

Yardley, Edward, Fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge, became Archdeacon of Cardigan in 1743. 1. The Rational Communicante, Lon., 1728, 8vo. Genealogies of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, 1739, 8vo. 3. Four Sermons on Matt. xxviii. 19, 20, 1763, 12mo. Repub. in-4. Practical Exposition on the Offices of Baptism and Confirmation, 2d ed., 1810, 12mo. He also published single sermons, and Sermons on Select Subjects by Lewis Atterbury, with a Brief Account of the Author, 1743, 2 vols. 8vo.

Yardley, Edward, Jr. 1. Fantastic Stories, Lon., 1864, fp. 8vo.

"Amusing, graceful, and lively."-Lon. Rev., 1864. 2. Melusine, and other Poems, 1867, 12mo. 3. The Four Books of Horace's Odes, Translated into English Verse, 1869, 16mo.

"Mr. Yardley's translation of Horace has the important

merit of elegance. His language is generally well chosen, and free from those affectations of idioms which frequently disfigure attempts at conciseness and neatness of expression. He has chosen a task within his powers, and the result must, accordingly, be pronounced a success."-Notes and Queries, 1869, ii.

67.

4. Supplementary Stories and Poems, 1870, 12mo. Yarington, Robert. Two Lamentable Tragedies: The one, of the Murther of Maister Beech, a Chaundler, in Thames Street, and his Boy: Done by Thomas Merry: The other, of a young Childe, murthered in a Wood by Two Ruffians, with the Consent of his Uncle, Lon., 1601, 4to. Roxburghe, 6060, £2 58.; White Knight's, 4629, mor., £9 128. 6d.; Mitford, April, 1860, title mended, £3 68. See Beloe's Anec., i. 380-5.

Yarker, Robert, Perpetual Curate of St. Olave's, and Evening Lecturer of St. Peter's, Chester. Help to Self-Examination and Self-Knowledge, 3d ed.

"A pious, earnest, and affectionate exhortation."-Brit. Mag. Yarker, S. J. Illuminated Crest Book, Lon., 1869, 4to, 158.

Yarranton, Andrew, of Ashley, county of Worcester, styled by Mr. Dove "the Founder of English Political Economy," was in 1630 an apprentice to a linen-draper, and continued some years in the trade, and afterwards became a soldier in the civil wars; in 1652, and for several years following, was engaged in iron-works; subsequently became a surveyor, engineer,

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and agriculturist,—and laboured zealously for the benefit of his country, "whose flourishing," he declares, "is the only reward I ever hope to see of all my labours." 1. The Improvement Improved by a Second Edition of the Great Improvement of Lands by Clover, Lon., 1663, 12mo, pp. 46.

"This little work is the most truly practical matter that had appeared in the agricultural world to the time when it was written.... It contains more value in 46 pages than in many hundreds of contemporary publications."-Donaldson's Agr. Biog., 32.

2. England's Improvement by Sea and Land, to outdo the Dutch without Fighting; to pay Debts without Money; to set at Work all the Poor of England with the Growth of our own Lands; to prevent unnecessary Suits in Law, with the Benefit of a Voluntary Register; Directions where Vast Quantities of Timber are to be had for the Building of Ships; with the Advantage of making the Great Rivers of England Navigable; Rules to prevent Fires in London and other Great Cities; with Directions how the several Companies of Handicraftsmen in London may always have Cheap Bread and Cheap Drink; in two parts, with folding plates and map, Lon., sm. 4to: Pt. 1, 1677; Pt. 2, 1681; 1698. Marquis of Townshend, 3459, £1 178.; Nassau, Pt. 2, 1553, rus., £3; Sir M. M. Sykes, Pt. 3, 1119, £1 158.; Gardner, 198.; Bright, 138.

"These publications [Pts. 1 and 2] present a curious medley of practicable and useful, and of impracticable and useless, or pernicious, suggestions."-McCulloch's Lit. of Polit. Econ., 1845, 350.

"Above all, we must note his prospective sagacity; for he points out in detail the very course that England has pursued, and the very elements that were to contribute to her commercial superiority."-PATRICK EDWARD DOVE.

See The Elements of Political Science; in Two Books: Book I., On Method; Book II., On Doctrine; with an Account of Andrew Yarranton, the Founder of English Political Economy, by Patrick Edward Dove, Author of "The Theory of Human Progression," Edin., 1854, 8vo. Both of Mr. Dove's works ut supra were reviewed in N. Amer. Rev., April, 1855, 343-73, (by J. C. Welling.) Mr. Dove's account of Andrew Yarranton was republished in a separate volume, Edin., 1855, 8vo. See Lon. Athen., 1854, 436, and 1855, 49. See, also, H. C. Carey's Principles of Social Science, Phila., 1858, i. 398-404; Smiles's Industrial Biography, Lon., 1863, 12mo; Appleton's Amer. Cyc., art. Political Economy, (by H. C. Baird.)

Yarrell, William, an eminent British naturalist, b. June, 1784, in Duke Street, St. James's, Westminster, the son of a newspaper agent, succeeded to, and carried on until within a few years of his death, Sept. 6, 1856, the paternal profession: it enabled him to leave a fortune of £17,000. He died a bachelor. His collection of British fishes and the specimens illustrative of his papers in the Linnæan Society were, at the sale of his effects, (Dec. 1856,) secured by the Trustees of the British Museum. He became a Fellow of the Linnæan Society in 1825. From this date until his death eighty-one papers were communicated or read by him to scientific societies (Trans. Linn. Soc., Phil. Trans., Trans. Zoolog. Soc., &c.) or journals, (Zoolog. Jour., Annals and Mag. of Nat. Hist., &c.,) and he contributed a chapter on Fishes to W. H. Harvey's Sea-Side Book. He was for a long time a Vice-President of the Zoological Society. For more detailed notices of his services to the literature of natural history, we refer to Lon. Lit. Gaz., 1856; Lon. Athen., 1856, 1143; Lon. Gent. Mag., 1856, ii. 512; Knight's Eng. Cyc., Biog., vi., 1858, 878; Zoological Bibliography of the Ray Society, (notices upwards of seventy of his papers.) But the most durable monuments to his fame are his two great works on Fishes and Birds, which will long be standard authorities with the naturalist.

1. Papers extracted from the Linnean, Philosophical, and Zoological Transactions on Various Subjects relating to Birds and Fish, Lon., 1827-33, 4to. 2. A History of British Fishes, Illustrated by nearly 400 woodcuts, 1835-36, 2 vols. demy 8vo, £2 88.; r. 8vo, £4 168.; imp. 8vo, £7 48. Supplement, 1839, (some 1841,) demy 8vo, 78. 6d.; r. 8vo, 158.; imp. 8vo, £1 2s. 6d.

"It was in every way an admirable work, containing accounts of several new fishes, with such descriptions as enabled the naturalist to distinguish them, whilst they were rendered, by the agreeable style in which they were written, attractive to the dullest of anglers."-Knight's Eng. Cyc., Biog., vi., 1858, 879.

Second edition, (incorporating the Supplement,) 1841, 2 vols. demy 8vo, £3 38.; r. 8vo, £4 168.; imp. 8vo, £7 48. Third edition, with Figures and Descriptions of the Additional Species by Sir John Richardson, C. B., and a

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Memoir of the Author; Illustrated by 522 wood engravings, 1859, 2 vols. demy 8vo, pp. 1900, £3 3. Second Supplement to the First Edition, being also a First Supplement to the Second Edition; Illustrated with woodcuts; edited by Sir John Richardson, C.B., with portrait, 1860, demy 8vo, 58.; r. 8vo, 108.; imp. 8vo, 158. See FORBES, PROFESSOR EDWARD, No. 1. Add to the whole Scrope's Days and Nights of Salmon-Fishing, 1843, r. 8vo. Commendatory notices of Yarrell's British Fishes will be found in Lon. Quar. Rev., April, 1837, 334; Lon. Gent. Mag., 1835, i. 410, 1837, ii. 166, and 1846, i. 343; Lon. Lit. Gaz., 1835, 229, 596; Lon. Athen., 1835, 201, 297; 1836, 641, 687; 1860, i. 377. See, also, 1861, ii. 729. 3. A History of British Birds, with 520 wood engravings, 1839-43, 3 vols. demy 8vo, £4 108.; r. 8vo, £9; imp. 8vo, £13 10s. Supplement, 1845, demy 8vo, 2s. 6d.; r. 8vo, 58.; imp. 8vo, 78. 6d. Second edition, (with the first Supplement incorporated,) with 535 wood-cuts, 1845, (some 1846.) 3 vols. demy 8vo, £4 148. 6d. ; r. 8vo, £9; imp. 8vo, £13 10s. Second Supplement, being also First Supplement to the Second Edition, 1856, demy 8vo, 28. 6d.; r. 8vo, 58.; imp. 8vo, 78. 6d. Third edition, (with the First and Second Supplement incorporated,) with 550 wood engravings, 1856, 3 vols. demy 8vo, pp. 1754, £4 148. 6d. To this work add W. Hewitson's Coloured Illustrations of the Eggs of British Birds; with Descriptions of their Nests and Nidification, 3d ed., 1856, 2 vols. 8vo, £4 14s. 6d. Commendatory notices of Yarrell's British Birds will be found in Lon. Athen., 1840, 609; 1841, 338, 663; 1842, 733; 1857, 1004. See, also, Retrosp. Rev., xiv. (1826) 9, n.

"No work on this subject since the time of Bewick's 'Birds' has been so popular. In many of his details, especially his picturesque tail-pieces, he imitated his great predecessor; but in point of accuracy of description and the homely truthfulness of his account of the habits of birds, Mr. Yarrell has had no equal." -Knight's Eng. Cyc., Biog., vi., 1858, 879.

"These works [Nos. 2 and 3] are compiled on the same plan; they contain accurate figures, with accompanying descriptions, of every known variety of British fish or bird; and they have from the first taken their position as the standard authorities on the subject in our language. Few books on natural history are more agreeable to the general reader: the style is ever pleasant, and the truth with which he describes the habits of the birds is such as might have been expected from the keen sportsman who had so often watched their motions when at liberty in their native haunts."-Encyc. Brit., 8th ed., xxi., 1860, 953.

4. A Paper on the Growth of the Salmon in Fresh Water; with Six Coloured Illustrations of the Fish, of the Natural Size, exhibiting its Character and Exact Appearance at Various Stages during the First Two Years, 1839, ob. fol., 12s. It is proper to join in honourable connection with Mr. Yarrell the name of his long-intimate friend, publisher of his books, and executor of his will, Mr. John Van Voorst, of Paternoster Row, to whose enterprise and taste much of the mechanical excellence of the beautiful volumes above noticed is to be ascribed.

Yarrow, John. Shakespeare: a Centenary Poem, Lon., 1864, 8vo.

Yarrow, Joseph, father of the "very pretty" Mrs. Thomas Davies, (see p. 482, supra,) was a performer at the York Theatre, where he produced three dramas, viz. : 1. Love at First Sight; or, The Wit of a Woman; a Ballad Opera, 1742, 8vo. 2. Nancy; a Musical Interlude, 1742, 8vo. 3. Trick upon Trick; or, The Vintner in the Suds; a Farce, 1742, 8vo; new ed., Edin., 1792, 12mo. Also-4. Choice Collection of Poetry, (facetious,) 1738, 12mo.

Yarwood, J. Physick Refined, Lon., 1683, 8vo. Yate, Richard. 1. A Letter in Defence of Dr. Middleton, Lon., 1749, 8vo. Anon. See MIDDLETON, CONYERS, D.D., (p. 1274.) 2. A Philosophical Essay on Space, 1774, 8vo. Contributions to Lon. Gent. Mag.

Yate, Rev. W. Account of New Zealand and of the Church Missionary Society's Mission, Lon., 1835, p. Svo.

Yate, Walter Honeywood, a Justice of the Peace, &c. 1. Catalogue of the Curiosities in his Museum, 1801, 8vo. 2. Address to all Independent Electors, 1804, 8vo. 3. Political and Historical Arguments in Favour of Parliamentary Reform, &c., Lon., 1814, 2 vols. 8vo. See WYVILL, CHRISTOPHER, No. 3; YATES, J. A., No. 2. Yates. See, also, YEATES, YEATS.

Yates, Andrew, D.D., b. in Schenectady, N. York, 1772; graduated at Yale College, 1794; Professor of Ancient Languages in Union College, 1797-1801; pastor of the Congregational Church in East Hartford, Conn., 1801-14; Professor of Moral and Intellectual Philosophy in Union College, 1814-25; subsequently laboured with

great zeal and success in connection with the Reformed Protestant Dutch and Presbyterian denominations until his death, 1844. He published four single sermons, 1810, '12, '23, '29, for titles of which see Sprague's Annals, ix., 1869, Reformed Dutch, 134.

Yates, Mrs. Ashton. 1. Letters written during a Journey to Switzerland in the Autumn of 1841, Lon., 1843, 2 vols. p. 8vo. Commended in Lon. Quar. Rev., lxxvi. 105, (by Miss Rigby,) and Lon. Athen., 1843, 588. 2. A Winter in Italy; in a Series of Letters to a Friend, 1844, 2 vols. p. 8vo.

"The book is instructive as well as pleasant."—Lon. Exam., 1844.

Yates, Christopher C., M.D. Observations on the Epidemic Cholera now prevailing in the City of New York, &c., N. York, 1832, 8vo.

Yates, Edmund' Hodgson, the son of an eminent actor (late lessee of the Adelphi) and actress, was b. July, 1831. He is Chief of the Missing-Letter Department in the London General Post-Office; was editor of Temple Bar Magazine until August, 1867, when he took charge of Tinsley's Magazine, a new illustrated monthly; is a contributor to All the Year Round, wrote The Gossip which appeared under the signature of "Flaneur" in The Morning Post, and papers signed "Q." in the Evening Star, (the predecessors of " Readings by Starlight," in the same journal,) was for six years the theatrical critic of the Daily News, is a dramatic author, and has contributed to the "gaiety of nations" at Egyptian Hall.

1. My Haunts and their Frequenters, Lon., 1854, fp. 8vo.

"There is more bone in this contribution to shilling light literature than we usually recognise."-Lon. Athen., 1854, 1017. 2. After Office Hours, 1861, fp. 8vo; 1862, fp. 8vo. 3. For Better, for Worse; a Romance of the Affections; Edited, 1863, 2 vols. p. 8vo.

“Quiet, enjoyable reading.”—Lon. Reader, Jan. 9, 1864.

4. Broken to Harness; a Story of English Domestic Life, 1864, 3 vols. p. 8vo: 4th ed., 1865, 3 vols. p. 8vo; new ed., 1865, p. 8vo; 1867, p. 8vo; Bost., 1866, 12mo. Trans. into French for the Rev. des Deux Mondes, 1866. "A better work of fiction has not for many a week come under our notice."-Lon. Athen., Nov. 26, 1864.

"To any one acquainted with London life, Broken to Harness' is a photographic gallery."-Lon. Reader, Nov. 26, 1864. 5. Pages in Waiting, Lon., 1865, p. 8vo. 6. Running the Gauntlet, 1865, 3 vols. p. Svo.

"Will sustain for Mr. Yates such reputation as he has already gained."-Lon. Reader, Nov. 25, 1865.

8.

7. The Business of Pleasure, 1865, 2 vols. p. 8vo. Land at Last, 1866, 3 vols. p. 8vo; 1867, p. 8vo; 1868, p. 8vo; red. to 58., 1869; N. York, 1866, 8vo. 9. Running the Gauntlet, Lon., 1866, p. 8vo; 1867, p. 8vo; Bost., 1866, 8vo. 10. Kissing the Rod, Lon., 1866, 3 vols. p. 8vo; 1866, p. 8vo; 1867, p. 8vo; N. York, 1866, 16mo; 1867, 8vo. 11. The Forlorn Hope, Lon., 1867, 3 vols. p. 8vo; 1867, p. 8vo; 1868, p. 8vo; Bost., 1867. 12. The Black Sheep, Lon., 1867, 3 vols. p. 8vo; 1867, p. 8vo; 1868, p. 8vo; N. York, 1867, 8vo. 13. The Rock Ahead, Lon., 1868, 3 vols. p. 8vo; 1869, p. 8vo. 14. Wrecked in Port, N. York, 1869, 8vo. 15. Dr. Wainwright's Patient, Lon., 1870, 3 vols. p. 8vo; N. York, 1870, 8vo. We announce this last in advance of publication.

"Mr. Yates's novels have a mint-mark of their own, deeply impressed and unmistakable. They are Mr. Edmund Yates's novels, not imitations of the novel-writings of successful pre

decessors."-Lon. Exam.

"He is an accurate observer, and has a good share of hu

mour."-Lon. Rev.

In conjunction with the late Mr. Brough, he edited Our Miscellany, 1856-58; and he published The Life and Correspondence of Charles Mathews, (abridged from the Memoirs by Mrs. Mathews,) 1860, p. 8vo, 1862, p. 8vo. See, also, SMEDLEY, FRANCIS EDWARD; SMITH, ALBERT, No. 21.

Yates, Edward, b. at Islington, studied at the University of Cambridge and at the Inner Temple, and subsequently travelled in Asia and America. He has published a work on Popery exhibited by the History of the Inquisition; an Elementary Treatise on Strategy, 1852, 12mo; a Treatise on Tactics; The Elements of the Science of Grammar, &c., with a Turkish Grammar, 1857, 12mo; A Letter to the Women of England on Slavery in the Southern States of America, &c., 1863, 8vo; and a translation of the Song of Solomon, from the Original, rendered into English Verse, with the Dramatis Person Restored, &c., 1863.

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Yates, J. A. 1. Arguments for Parliamentary Reform, Lon., 2 vols. 8vo. See WYVILL, CHRISTOPHER, No. 3; YATE, WALTER HONEYWOOD, No. 3. 2. Essays on the Currency and Circulation, 8vo. Yates, J. J. Genealogical and Historical Tables of the Royal Family of England, Lon., 1843, sheet, 38. 6d. canvas or book, 10s. 6d.

Yates, James. The Castell of Courtesie, whereunto is adioyned the Holde of Humilitie: with the Chariot of Chastitie thereunto annexed: Also a Dialogue betweene Age and Youth, and other Matters herein conteined, by Iames Yates Seruingham, Lon., Iohu Wolfe, 1582, 4to, pp. 170. We know of only two copies, both imperfect, and both recorded in Bibliotheca Heberiana. The copy in Pt. 4, 3042, was purchased at Major Pearson's sale, by G. Stevens, for 108. 6d., and at his sale by T. Park (to whom he had refused to lend it) for £2 108.; was marked in Bibl. Anglo-Poet., 889, at £52 108., and sold to Mr. Midgeley, at whose sale in 1818 it was knocked down at £23 28., and placed in M. M. Sykes's library for £30; and at his sale in 1824 Heber bought it for £9; and when his library was disposed of it was sold for £8. The copy in Pt. 8, 3050, a portion of one leaf supplied in MS., and the last leaf wanting, (it having been robbed to complete the other copy,) was sold for £4 18s. See Brydges's Cens. Lit., iii. 175, (by T. Park ;) Bibl. Anglo-Poet., 889; J. P. Collier's Bibl. Acct. of Early Eng. Lit., 1865, vol. ii.; Lon. Gent. Mag., 1840, i. 385; Lit. World, iii. 47, (by John Timbs.),

Yates, James, an eminent antiquary, b. at Highgate, 1789, after studying at Glasgow, Edinburgh, and Berlin, was a Unitarian pastor at Glasgow, Birmingham, and London.

1. Thoughts on the Advancement of Academical Education in England, 2d ed., Lon., 1827, 8vo, pp. x., 184. 2. Letter to the Vice-Chancellor of England on the British and Foreign Unitarian Association, 1834, 8vo, pp. 82. 3. Preces e Liturgiis Catholicæ Romanæ desumptæ, cum earundem Versione Anglica, accedunt Versiones duæ novæ, scilicet Germanica et Polonica, 1838, 18mo. 4. Textrinum Antiquorum: an Account of the Art of Weaving among the Ancients: Part 1, On the Raw Materials used for Weaving, Lon., 1843, 8vo.

"It is a work intended only for scholars, who will find in it ample proofs of extensive learning, great diligence, just discernment in general, and amiable feelings."-Lon. Athen., 1844, 397.

"This is a volume worthy of the best days of critical antiquarianism, and deserves in learning to rank with the works of the Gronovii and the Grævii of past ages."-Lon. Lit. Gaz., 1844, 89.

4. Narrative of the Origin and Formation of the International Association for Obtaining a Uniform Decimal System of Measures, Weights, and Coins, 1856, pamph. See Lon. Athen., 1856, 199. 5. Descriptive Catalogue of a Collection of Current Coins of all Countries in the International Exhibition, Class 13, North Gallery, 1862, 12mo, pp. 69. See Lon. Lit. Budget, Aug. 23, 1862.. He has published memoirs and papers on antiquities, philology, botany, geology, &c. See, also, PRICHARD, JAMES COWLES, M.D., No. 3; SMITH, WILLIAM, LL.D., Ph.D., No. 3; WARDLAW, RALPH, D.D., Nos. 4, 5; and a notice of Mr. Yates in Dict. Univ. des Contemp., par G. Vapereau, Paris, 1858, 1791.

Yates, John. 1. Modell of Divinitie Catechistically Composed, Lon., 1622, 4to. 2. Ibis ad Cæsarem: Arminianism and Popery, &c., 1626, 4to. 3. Treatise of the Honovr of God's Hovse, 1637, 4to. 4. Imago Mundi et Regnum Christi; or, The Mystery of the Gentiles, 1640.

Yates, John. Discourse, 1 Sam. xxv. 1, Liverp., 1810, 8vo.

Yates, John, D.D., of First Dutch Church, Albany. 1. Discourse, Albany, 1839, 8vo. 2. Sermon, 1839, 8vo. Yates, John B. Address at Union College, 1827, 8vo.

Yates, John V. N., Secretary of the State of New York. 1. Select Cases adjudged in the Courts of the State of New York; containing the Case of John V. N. Yates and the Case of the Journeymen Cordwainers, N. York, 1811, 8vo. Known as Yates's Cases. See Abbott Dig., Pref., 13, n. 2. A Collection of Pleadings and Practical Precedents, with Notes thereon and Approved Forms of Bills of Costs; containing, also, References, &c. to Graham's Practice, 2d ed., 1837, 8vo. See, also, MOULTON, JOSEPH W., No. 2, (and N. Amer. Rev., xxiv.

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