CONSULAR OFFICES AND PORTS OF ENTRY MEXICAN CONSULAR OFFICES IN THE UNITED STATES The Mexican government maintains consuls or consular agents in the following cities: UNITED STATES CONSULAR OFFICES IN MEXICO Commercial Attaché, Carlton Jackson, 2 Francisco Madero, Campeche (Campeche), connected with Merida by United Railways of Yucatan. Population 20,000. An important shipping center for hides, sisal, chicle, etc. Coatzacoalcos or Puerto Mexico (Vera Cruz). Eastern terminus Tehuantepec National Railway. An important oil refinery of the Mexican Eagle Oil Company is situated on the Coatzacoalcos River above Puerto Mexico. Matamoras (Tamaulipas), at the mouth of the Rio Grande. Population 18,000. Progreso (Yucatan), principal port of entry for Yucatan. Connected with Merida by United Railways of Yucatan. Tampico (Tamaulipas). Six miles from mouth of Panuco River. The most important oil port in the world. Population 25,000, many of whom are Americans. Connected with Monterrey and San Luis Potosi by two lines of the National Railways. Tuxpam (Vera Cruz). Five miles from mouth of Tuxpam River. An important oil center and shipping point. Vera Cruz (Vera Cruz). The chief port of Mexico. Connected with Mexico City by Mexican Central and Interoceanic Railways; with the Isthmus of Tehuantepec by Vera Cruz and Isthmus Railway. Population 40,000. PACIFIC Acapulco (Guerrero). Population 7000. Vessels must anchor off shore. Altata (Sinaloa). Port of entry for Culiacan. Enseñada (Lower California). Population 3000. Vessels anchor a mile off shore. Little development of back country. Guaymas (Sonora). Population 17,000. Passengers and goods landed by shore boats from steamer. On Southern Pacific of Mexico. La Paz (Lower California). Population 6000. Gulf port. Chief industries mining and pearl fishing. Manzanillo (Colima). Population 2000. Rail connection by Colima-Manzanillo Railway with Guadalajara and Colima. Mazatlan (Sinaloa). Population 28,000. Chief Mexican port on Pacific. On main line of Southern Pacific. Salina Cruz (Oaxaca). Population 6000. On Gulf of Tehuantepec. Western terminus Tehuantepec National Railway. Port of call for all steamers. San Blas (Nayarit). Population 3000. An old port, but now of minor importance because of undeveloped back country. San José del Cabo (Lower California). Population 3000. A salt and mining center. Otherwise of little importance. Santa Rosalia (Lower California). Population 10,000. One of the largest copper camps in Mexico. Across the Gulf from Guaymas. Entirely controlled by El Boleo Copper Co. Topolobampo (Sinaloa). An excellent port, connected with the Fuerte River Valley and the Southern Pacific of Mexico by the Kansas City, Mexico and Orient Railway. BORDER Agua Prieta (Sonora). Opposite Douglas, Arizona. Connected with the important copper camp of Nacozari by the Nacozari Railroad. Chief exports and imports have direct relation to this and other mining centers in eastern Sonora. Ciudad Juarez (Chihuahua). Across the Rio Grande from El Paso. Border terminus of Mexican Central Railway connecting with Chihuahua and Mexico City, and of Mexican Northwestern connecting with Chihuahua. One of the most important border ports. Ciudad Porfirio Diaz (Coahuila). Formerly known as Piedras Negras. Opposite Eagle Pass. One of the chief gateways to Mexico via the National Railway. Mexicali (Lower California). Opposite Calexico. Rail connections east and west, but none with interior or Gulf. Most important cotton export center in the Republic. Matamoras (Tamaulipas). Opposite Brownsville. Connected with Monterrey and Tampico by National Railway. Naco (Sonora). Opposite Naco, Arizona. Population insignificant, but an important shipping center because of rail connections with Cananea. The latter lies 40 miles from Naco on a branch line of Southern Pacific and is the most important copper camp in northern Mexico, if not in the entire Republic. Nogales (Sonora). Opposite Nogales, Arizona. Rail connections with the entire west coast. Port of entry for Sonora. Northern terminus for the Southern Pacific of Mexico. An important shipping center. Nuevo Laredo (Tamaulipas). Opposite Laredo, Texas. An important gateway to Monterrey via the National Railways. MANUFACTURING Manufacturing in Mexico has hitherto been hindered by the inadequacy of transportation facilities, want of capital and lack of skilled workmen, uncertain political conditions, and the scarcity of coal. Until 1880 all the coal used in the country came from abroad, and the need for other fuel was met by the use of wood and charcoal. The imported coal, much of which came from England and Wales, was too expensive for the development of manufacturing on a large scale. The chief factor in the price was not the cost of bringing the coal to Mexico, but of transporting it from seaboard to the manufacturing cities, all of which were located several hundred miles inland and at altitudes of from 5,000 to 8,000 feet above the coast. As a result, coal could not be had at Monterrey or Mexico City for less than $12.00 or $15.00 a ton. In the early eighties coal deposits were discovered in the northern part of Coahuila, across the international line from Eagle Pass. Since that date considerable development has taken place in the Sabinas, Esperanzas, and Fuente basins, all of which lie within a short distance of the Texas border. The coal produced by these fields, however, is of an inferior quality and is sufficient to meet less than half of the very moderate demands of the country. Undeveloped coal resources exist in Sonora and Durango, and perhaps in other states as well. But the hope of Mexico, from the industrial standpoint, must after all rest upon the larger development of hydro-electric power and the more general adoption of fuel oil, rather than upon the widespread use of coal. Iron ore exists in large quantities in many states, notably in Durango, but so far it has not been smelted on a large scale. Despite such handicaps, however, considerable manufacturing is done in Mexico. Aside from the very large total of household manufactures (a system which still meets a considerable part of the country's demands), there are also a number of cities with well developed industries, chief of which are iron and steel foundries, tanneries, textile and flour mills, glycerine works, breweries and cigarette factories. The following list includes the chief manufacturing cities and the industries of most importance: Manufactures Cotton mills, tobacco factories, potteries, flour mills Smelters, iron foundries, soap works, Cotton mills, tanneries, flour mills Flour mills, foundries Foundries, tanneries Textile mills, cigar and cigarette factories Foundries, tanneries, soap works, to- Flour mills, tobacco factories Smelters, foundries, cotton and flour Flour mills, breweries Cotton mills (largest in Mexico) Textile, glass, and flour mills Textile and flour mills, tanneries Textile and flour mills, tanneries Tanneries, flour mills, soap works, woolen mills, nail factory Corn and flour mills, tanneries, breweries, textile mills Smelters, soap factories, quayrele works, machine shops, flour mills HYDRO-ELECTRIC DEVELOPMENT Hydro-electric development, though of comparatively recent origin, has done much in favorably located districts to relieve industry and transportation from the burden suffered because of the scarcity of coal. English, American, and Canadian Companies have erected the chief hydro-electric plants in the republic. The Mexican Light and Power Co. (Toronto, Canada) supplies power for the lighting system and street railways of the capital and for the mining centers of Pachuca and El Oro. Its chief plants are located at the falls of the Necaxa River in northern Puebla. Here a series of dams, tunnels, and reservoirs has been constructed to furnish a constant supply of water. A transmission line 95 miles long delivers the power to Mexico City, and an additional 75 mile line carries it to El Oro. The main and subsidiary plants are capable of generating 132,000 h. p. The Puebla Tramway Light and Power Company (Toronto and London) supplies electricity to the cities of Puebla and Vera Cruz as well as to nearby factories and mines. Its plants are located on the Atoyac and Los Molinos Rivers, in the State of Puebla and on the Rio Blanco and Atoyac in Vera Cruz. The Guanajuato Power and Electric Company, an enterprise organized and controlled by Colorado capitalists, has a number of |