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nion of the genius and wisdom of his friend, he expressed his anxiety lest the approbation of the French by a man to whose authority so much weight was due, should be misunderstood to hold up the transactions in that country as a fit object of our imitation. After expressing his thorough conviction that nothing could be farther from the intentions of so able and uniformly patriotic a champion of the British constitution, he entered upon the merits of his arguments, and of the question from which they had arisen. Fully coinciding with Fox respecting the evils of the old despotism, and the dangers that accrued from it to this country, and concerning the wisdom of our ancestors in preventing its contagion, as well as their vigour in resisting its ambitious projects, he thought very differently of the tranquillity to neighbours and happiness to themselves, likely to ensue from the late proceedings of France. "In the last age (he said) we had been in danger of being entangled, by the example of France, in the net of relentless despotism. Our present danger, from the model of a people whose character knew no medium, was that of being led, through an admiration of successful fraud and violence, to imitate the excesses of an irrational, unprincipled, proscribing, confiscating, plundering, ferocious, bloody, and tyrannical democracy." The ardent sensibility of Burke's mind often transported him, as I have repeatedly remark

ed, into very, violent expressions. Impartial investigators, however, of his conduct will attend less to incidental warmth of language than to the series of opinion, relatively to its grounds; and of action, relatively to its causes and circumstances.

The more completely we examine Burke's intellectual operations and political exertions in detail, and the more full and accurate our induction of their principles is, the more clearly shall we see that his arguments and proceedings on the French revolution were on the same broad grounds as in the former parts of his life. I do not hesitate to say, that the very same process of understanding produced opposition to the ministerial plans respecting America and his reprobation of the French principle of legislation; and I refer to his chief writings and speeches on both for the proof of my assertion. His reasoning during the American contest was this:-You have derived great benefit from the colonies under the constitution by which they have been heretofore managed: in attempting to establish a different constitution, you are neither sure of the practicability nor of the effect.

His reasoning on the principle of the French revolution was:-They have before them a balance of estates, a controul of powers, into which their own, after the Assembly of the States general, might have been easily modelled, and from

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which a great share of actual liberty and hap piness has been derived. BE GUIDED BY EXPERIENCE, AND NOT BY UNTRIED THEORIES, He was apprehensive of the consequences of the French system to the constitution of England. As in his Vindication of Natural Society, he had shewn the probable effects of the false philosophy of Bolingbroke; and on his return from France, of that of Helvetius, Voltaire, and Rousseau, to social order; he had, in his Letter to the Sheriffs of Bristol, animadverted on the political specu. lations then disseminated in this country, and had reprobated the reasoning of men, who pursued the same object with himself, because they argued from ideal notions of the Rights of Man. He had perceived the notions spreading, not only among those who had talents and learning for such disquisitions, * but into clubs and societies, of which many of the members could not be competent judges of metaphysics, and might be led by, wild and misunderstood theories to the most speculatively erroneous and practically hurtful opinions and sentiments concerning the constitution of this country. He argued from the same ratiocinative principle respecting this country, that he had done in the case of America, and was doing in the case of France:-TRUST NOT UNTRIED SPECULA.

TIONS: ADHERE TO THE LESSONS OF EXPÉRIENCE. This was the corner-stone of his political reasonÍng. ́HE, AT THAT VERY EARLY STAGE OF IT, WITH SÁGAĈITY ALMOST PROPHETIC, DISCOVERED, in its operations, principles, and spirit, a tendency to THOSE VERY EFFECTS NOW KNOWN TO EUROPE BY DIREFUL EXPERIENCE: "" They laid the axe to the root of property. They made and recorded a sort of institute and digest of anarchy, called the Rights of Man. Their conduct was marked by a savage and unfeeling barbarity. They had no other system than a determination to destroy all order, subvert all arrangement, and reduce every rank and description of men to one lével. Their signal of attack was the warwhoop; their liberty was licentiousness; and-their religion was atheism." Burke concluded this first public discussion on the French revolution with a very high and just eulogium on the genius and dispositions of his friend Fox. It was in reply to this speech that Fox, after expressing his esteem and veneration for Burke, declared, "that if he were to put all the political information that he had gained from books, all that he had learned from science, or that the knowledge of the world and its affairs had taught him, into one scale; and the improvement he had derived from Mr. Burke's conversation and instruction into the other; the latter would preponderate." Still, however, he could not agree with the opinion of his friend respect

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ing the French revolution, at which he rejoiced,
as an emancipation from despotism. He de-
clared himself as much an enemy to democra-
tical despotism, as to those of aristocracy or
monarchy; but he did not apprehend that the
new constitution of France would degenerate
into tyranny of any sort.
"He was (he said)
a friend only to a mixed government like our
own, in which, if the aristocracy, or indeed
any of the three branches, were destroyed, the
good effects of the whole, and the happiness de-
rived under it, would, in his mind, be at an
end.".

Sheridan expressed his disapprobation of the remarks and reasonings of Burke on this subject much more strongly than Fox had done. He thought them, he said, quite inconsistent with the general principles and conduct of so constant and powerful a friend of liberty; and one who so highly valued the British government and revolution. Indignation and abhorrence of the revolution in France he thought not consonant with the admiration of that of England. Detesting the cruelties that had been committed, he imputed them to the natu ral resentment of a populaçe for long suffered and long felt oppression. He praised the National Assembly as the dispensers of good to their own country and other nations. "The National Assembly (he said) had exerted a firmness and perseverance, hitherto unexam