These lists could be greatly enlarged if we were to add the words illustrating the rule which exist in other or older Teutonic languages, but which have not been preserved among ourselves. It may not be un. interesting to give a few of the most striking examples of Gothic words, which are more or less in this situation.

Aigan, to possess, to own, = εχειν ; ahwa, a stream, aqua; ga-filhan, to bury, se-pelire; hafyan, to lift, capere; haitan, to call, citare; haihs, blind of an eye, = cœcus; hlifan, to steal, hliftus, a thief, = κλέπτειν, κλεώτης ; hraiws, flesh, hramyan, to hang, = κρεμαειν; mizdó, a reward, meed, = μισθος; steigan, to go, to climb, = στειχειν ; swaihra, a father-in-law, = socer; taihswo, the right hand, = δεξια ; thairsan, to be

Corpus, (kerefs, Zend.)

Circus
Cribrum

Corvus

κρυμος

Crudus

κλυω, κλυτος

κλινω

κλειω, claudo

=

κρεας;

parched, = σερσειν; thahan, to be silent, tacere; thanyan, to stretch, = τεινειν ; thragyan, to run, = τρεχειν ; wairthan, to become, verti.

We believe that the same thing might be done in all the other early languages to a very remarkable extent.

Considerable additions even might be made to the catalogue on a less abstruse principle, if we were to give those words which, in their proper form, possessed features exhibiting a compliance with the rule, but which their modern condition has lost. Thus many English words beginning with l andr, had, in Gothic and Anglo-Saxon, an initial A before those liquids, which represented an initial x in Greek or Latin. Of this change the following examples may be given.

The manifestation of the law is still more striking and important in reference to the affinity of roots, in their simplest character, even where the

individual derivatives in the different languages diverge widely in form from each other. This is a large and delicate subject, on which we have neither room nor disposition to enter at present; but we may advert to one or two illustrations of it, for which our previous examples will have served as a preparation.

1. The large class of particles which in the ancient languages denote opposition, ante-position, or some kindred idea, and which are characterised by the radical letters PR, as παρα, προ, præ, præter, porro, &c., appear uniformly, and to an equal extent, in the Gothic tongues with the characteristics of FR.

2. The characteristic, in Latin, of the relative and interrogative pronoun and its derivatives is QU=KW, which agrees with the corresponding Gothic root HW, or irregularly as in English WH.*

3. In like manner, the demonstrative pronoun with its relative particles is distinguished in the ancient languages by T, and in the Gothic by TH.

It is impossible, on the one hand, to suppose that these coincidences are accidental, or, on the other, to doubt that words of such primitive signification must be of the highest antiquity in all of the languages where they appear, and must, at a very early period, have been separated by the inexplicable, though systematic diversity which they now present.

We trust that these observations may, at least, be of some use in directing attention to such topics. We cannot dismiss the subject without an humble but earnest exhortation to our countrymen to give to comparative philology the honours which it deserves, and which it more especially claims at their hands. Our native tongue is nearly, if not altogether, the noblest language that human wisdom, or let us rather say Divine goodness, has ever instituted for the use of man. It is as nobly descended as it is happily composed. It is united by many links of connexion to the richest and fairest forms of speech in other ages and nations; and it

ought to be a primary object of interest among us to study, in all their expansions, its affinities to those sources of copiousness and beauty which have made it what it is. Our social and political position, and our national history, lead to the same result. We are the mixed descendants of some of the most brave, virtuous, and cultivated of the Teutonic tribes. We have long made the systematic study of classical learning the charter of our freedom, liberality, and civilisation. Within the seas that wash our own shores, we have at least two of the most important forms of Celtic speech yet living; and we possess, within the limits of our Oriental empire, the venerable and mysterious treasures of Indian antiquity. If any nation is called to these studies, both by duty and by opportunity, it is ourselves. Classical, and Saxon, and Sanscrit scholars we can already show of the very highest eminence. There has been no want of successful labourers in individual portions of the field. But in the peculiar department of comparative philology, little has as yet been done by us, as contrasted with what might and ought to have been accomplished. We hope and believe that, in this respect, a better era is rapidly approaching, and that, while the study of the more ancient Teutonic tongues shall be inculcated among our youth as only next in importance to that of the classical languages, we shall have among us many who, ascending the highest vantage grounds of science, can take a searching and comprehensive survey of the whole extent of IndoEuropean speech, an ample territory, presenting to the eye of imagination the fairest varieties of hill and dale, meadow and moorland, embellished here with smiling corn-fields or delicious gardens, and there overshadowed with frowning precipices and solemn forests; but throughout all its bounds ennobled by the sacred haunts of learning or of liberty, of elegance or of virtue.

THE invasion of the Algerine territory by the French, is one of the most remarkable evidences that nations are not to be taught either common justice or common sense by suffering. We there see France, after five-and-twenty years of national misery, taking the first opportunity to rob and shed the blood of her neighbours. She had no more cause of war against the Algerines than against the Antediluvians; but it occurred to her imbecile Government that she wanted "glory," and to her insane people that glory was to be found in cutting the throats of Turks and Moors, unfortunate enough to live in a territory where she expected to find land cheap, dollars at the sword's point, and triumph for nothing.

Providence, it is true, often lets fools and villains take their way; but perhaps there never was an instance, not excepting Napoleon's own, where the punishment of the original culprits followed, with such distinct, complete, and immediate vengeance on the crime.

Within a twelvemonth, the Government which had formed this atrocious project was utterly extinguished; Charles the Tenth and his dynasty driven from their throne, and exiled from the land for life; - his Ministry, the Polignacs and their associates, thrown into a long and severe imprisonment, a fate singular among all the changes of European cabinets, and after narrowly escaping the scaffold, also exiled for life; Marmont, the chief military councillor of the King, forced to fly from France, and never daring to return; Bourmont, the commander of the invasion, never venturing to set his foot on the French soil since, and still a fugitive through the world; the invading army, of 30,000 strong, some of the finest troops of France, long since destroyed in Africa by the climate and the warfare of the Arabs, scarcely a man of them having returned. And after the sacrifice of probably twice the number of lives in a disputed possession of

ALGIERS! wild Algiers!

There are sounds of affright Coming thick on thy gales, Sounds of battle and flight ;The spurrings of horsemen, With tidings of woe;

nine years, they are now fighting within cannon-shot of Algiers!

The war has begun in earnest. While Abd-el-Kader lives, France will probably have to carry on a continued war, more or less open. If he shall fall, the spirit of other chieftains will be formed while the animosity survives ; and it will survive, grounded as it is in the nature of things, in the native repulsion between French and Mahometan manners, in the habitual hatred of the native for the invader, and in the strong religious antipathies which have already enabled the African leader to proclaim his assault on the French as the "Holy War."

Even the fullest possession of the Algerine territory could never be of real value to France: it has no har.. bours, and can therefore never be a station for any thing beyond a privateer or a pirate. In the event of an European war, it must be abandoned, or France must consent to lock up 50,000 troops there, with the certainty that famine, the Arabs, and perhaps an English expedition, will perform in Algiers the second part of the Egyptian campaign. But the great points of criminality subsist, even if the policy were however successful; and those are, that the invasion was made absolutely without any cause buta determination to plunder, and that the conquest has been retained, in direct and unquestionable defiance of the most solemn, public, and repeated declarations, that no conquest whatever was intended, and that, as in the instance of Lord Exmouth's expedition, the moment that satisfaction was obtained, the whole armament was to be withdrawn.

It argues a deplorable state of moral feeling, to find that no man in France has the honesty of heart to protest against this iniquity; that the legislature can find no warning voice, that the journals are fierce in their wrath against any idea of abandoning Algiers, and that all France madly seems to regard the national crime as a national glory.

The signal-guns pealing
The march of the foe;
And the desert horn's howl,
Like the wolf in his prowl;
For, roused from their lair,
The Berbers are there.

'Tis the blue depth of midnight;
The moon is above,
Shedding silver in showers
On mosque and on grove;
And the sense is opprest

With the sweetness of night.
'Tis an hour to be blest,
All fragrance and light.
But the sparkling of steel,
And the cannon's deep peal,
And the quick-volleying gun,
Tell that blood is begun.

The Frenchmen are rushing
To gate and to wall;
And the Moor is awake

In his gold-tissued hall.
He sharpens the dagger
And loads the carbine,
And looks to the hills

For the morning to shine.
And on rampart and roof
Crowds are standing aloof;
And their gestures, though dumb,
Tell the Emir" is come!

On dash the dark riders,
The sons of the south,
From plain and from mountain,
Age, manhood, and youth!
Their steeds are like wind,
And their bodies like fire,
That wounds cannot tame,
That toil cannot tire.

On they burst like a flood,
Till the desert drinks blood,
Thick as night-falling dew-
Allah hu! Allah hu!

Woe, woe to the Gaul!
Ambition's worst slave;
Must he grasp, till the world
Is a dungeon or grave?
Must he envy the Arab
His swamp and his sand?
Must his crown be a curse,
And his sceptre a brand?
But Wrath will not sleep;
As he sows, he shall reap;
The robber shall pay
Gore for gore, clay for clay.

Ay, follow the Arab
Through mountain and vale,
He's the eagle, and safe
As its wing on the gale.
Ay, scorch through the day,
And freeze through the night,
He's the leopard-one bound,
And he's gone from your sight.
But death's in his tramp
As he sweeps round your camp;
One charge and one roar,
And you sleep in your gore!

But the plague-spot has fallen
On each and on all;
Where art thou, Old Bourbon?
Europe scoff'd at thy fall.
Where thy fierce "Thirty thousand,"
Napoleon's old braves?
Like thee, they are corpses-
Algiers gave them graves.

Where the victor Bourmont?
He has follow'd thy throne;
On his brow the blood-stain,
To wander, like Cain.

Εως.