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Swift as the hurtd on high jerreed. [p. 59. Jerreed, or Djerrid, a blunted Turkish javelin, ich is darted from horseback with great force d precision. It is a favourite exercise of the ussulmans; but I know not if it can be called manly one, since the most expert in the art e the black Eunuchs of Constantinople-I think, ext to these, a Mamlouk at Smyrna was the ost skilful that came within my observation.

He came, he went, like the Simoon. [p. 59. The blast of the desert, fatal to every thing ing, and often alluded to in eastern poetry. ʼn bless the sacred “bread and salt." [p. 60. To partake of food, to break bread and salt th your, host, insures the safety of the guest; en though an enemy, his person from that >ment is sacred.

nce his turban was cleft by the infidel's sabre. [p. 60. I need hardly observe, that Charity and Hostality are the first duties enjoined by Mahomet; d to say truth, very generally practised by s disciples. The first praise that can be bewed on a chief is a panegyric on his bounty; e next, on his valour.

And silver-sheathed ataghan. [p. 60. The ataghan, a long dagger worn with pistols the belt, in a metal scabbard, generally of silver; ad, among the wealthier, gilt, or of gold.

An Emir by his garb of green. [P 60. Green is the privileged colour of the prophet's merous pretended descendants; with them, as re, faith (the family inheritance) is supposed supersede the necessity of good works: they e the worst of a very indifferent brood.

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Though on Al-Sirat's arch I stood. (p. 61. Al-Sirat, the bridge of breadth less than the thread of a famished spider, over which the Mussulmans must skate into Paradise, to which it is the only entrance; but this is not the worst, the river beneath being hell itself, into which, as may be expected, the unskilful and tender of foot contrive to tumble with a "facilis descensus Averni, not very pleasing in prospect to the next passenger. There is a shorter cut downwards for the Jews and Christians.

"

And keep that portion of his creed. [p. 61. A vulgar error; the Koran allots at least a third of Paradise to well-behaved women; but by far the greater number of Mussulmans interpret the text their own way, and exclude their moieties from heaven. Being enemies to Platonics, they cannot discern "any fitness of things" in the souls of the other sex, conceiving them to be superseded by the Houris.

The young pomegranate's blossoms strew. [p. 61. An oriental simile, which may, perhaps, though fairly stolen, be deemed "plus Arabe qu'en Arabie."

Her hair in hyacinthine flow. [p. 61. Hyacinthine, in Arabic, “Sunbul," as common a thought in the eastern poets as it was among the Greeks.

The loveliest bird of Franguestan. "Franguestan," Circassia.

[p. 61.

Bismillah! now the peril's past. [p. 62. Bismillah-"In the name of God;" the commencement of all the chapters of the Koran but one, and of prayer and thanksgiving.

Then curl'd his very beard with ire. [p. 62. Ho! who art thou?-this low salam. [p. 60. A phenomenon not uncommon with an angry Salam aleikoum! aleikoum salam! peace be Mussulman. In 1809, the Capitan Pacha's whisith you; be with you peace-the salutation kers at a diplomatic audience were no less lively served for the faithful:-to a Christian, "Ur-with indignation than a tiger-cat's, to the horror rula," a good journey; or saban hiresem, saban rula; good morn, good even; and sometimes, may your end be happy;" are the usual salutes.

The insect-queen of eastern spring. [p. 60. The blue-winged butterfly of Kashmeer, the tost rare and beautiful of the species.

of all the dragomans; the portentous mustachios twisted, they stood erect of their own accord, and were expected every moment to change their colour, but at last condescended to subside, which probably saved more heads than they contained hairs.

Nor raised the craven cry, Amaun! "Amaun," quarter, pardon.

(p. 62.

Or live like scorpion girt by fire. (p. 61. Alluding to the dubious suicide of the scorpion, • placed for experiment by gentle philosophers. I know him by the evil eye. (p. 62. ome maintain that the position of the sting, The "evil eye," a common superstition in the chen, turned towards the head, is merely a con- Levant, and of which the imaginary effects are ulsive, movement; but others have actually yet very singular on those who conceive themFought in the verdict "Felo de se." The scor-selves affected. ions are surely interested in a speedy decision f the question; as, if once fairly established as sect-Catos, they will probably be allowed to ue as long as they think proper, without being martyred for the sake of an hypothesis.

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By pale Phingari's trembling light. [p. 61. Phingari, the moon.

Bright as the jewel of Giamschid. [p. 61. The celebrated fabulous ruby of Sultan Giamschid, the embellisher of Istakhar; from its splendour, named Schebgerag, "the torch of night; also, the "cup of the sun,"In the first editions Giamschid" was written as a word of three syllables, so D'Herbelot has it; but I am told Richardson reduces it to a dissyllable, and writes "Jamshid. I have left in the text the orthography of the one with the pronuncia

tion of the other.

A fragment of his palampore. [p. 63. The flowered shawls generally worn by persons of rank.

His calpac rent-his caftan red. (p. 63. The "Calpac" is the solid cap or centre-part of the head-dress; the shawl is wound round it, and forms the turban.

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frequently the case, the effect is solemn and | Turkish, Italian, and English were all exercised, beautiful beyond all the bells in Christendom.

They come their kerchiefs green they wave. [p. 63. The following is part of a battle-song of the Turks:-"I see-I see a dark-eyed girl of Paradise, and she waves a handkerchief, a kerchief of green; and cries aloud: Come, kiss me, for I

love thee."

Beneath avenging Monkir's scythe. [p. 63. Monkir and Nekir are the inquisitors of the dead, before whom the corpse undergoes a slight noviciate and preparatory training for damnation. If the answers are none of the clearest, he is hauled up with a scythe and thumped down with a red hot mace till properly seasoned, with a variety of subsidiary probations. The office of these angels is no sinecure; there are but two, and the number of orthodox deceased being in a small proportion to the remainder, their hands are always full.

To wander round lost Eblis' throne. Eblis, the oriental Prince of Darkness.

in various conceits, upon the unfortunate Mus sulman. While we were contemplating the beantiful prospect, Dervish was occupied about the columns. I thought he was deranged into an antiquarian, and asked him if he had become a "Palaocastro" man: "No," said he, "bat these pillars will be useful in making a stand;~ and added other remarks, which at least evinced his own belief in his troublesome faculty of fore hearing. On our return to Athens, we beard from Leone (a prisoner set ashore some dave after) of the intended attack of the Mainotes, mentioned, with the cause of its not tak place, in the notes to Childe Harold, Cants & was at some pains to question the man. EN he described the dresses, arms, and mark d the horses of our party so accurately, that, wa other circumstances, we could not doubt of having been in "villanous company," and eat. selves in a bad neighbourhood. Dervish became a soothsayer for life, and I dare say is 17 hearing more musquetry than ever will be Errd, to the great refreshment of the Arnauts of He[p. 63. rat, and his native mountains.-I shall mentien one trait more of this singular race. In March 1811 a remarkably stout and active Armast came (I believe the 50th on the same errand to offer himself as an attendant, which was declin ed: "Well, Affendi," quoth he, "may you hir leave the town for the hills to-morrow; in the winter I return, perhaps you will then receiv me."-Dervish, who was present, remarked as a thing of course, and of no consequence, in the mean time he will join the Klephtes" (robber, which was true to the letter.-If not cut of they come down in the winter, and pass it molested in some town, were they are often s well known as their exploits.

But first, on earth as Vampire sent. [p. 63. The Vampire superstition is still general in the Levant. Honest Tournefort tells a long story, which Mr. Southey, in the notes on Tha--you would have found me useful. I sta Jaba, quotes about these Vroucolochas," as he calls them. The Romaic term is "Vardoulacha." I recollect a whole family being terrified by the scream of a child, which they imagined must proceed from such a visitation. The Greeks never mention the word without horror. I find that "Broucolokas is an old legitimate Hellenic appellation-at least is so applied to Arsenius, who, according to the Greeks, was after his death animated by the Devil. The moderns, however, use the word I mention.

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Looks not to priesthood for relief.

The monk's sermon is omitted. It seems t have had so little effect upon the patient, that it could have no hopes from the reader. It may be sufficient to say, that it was of a customary length (as may be perceived from the interrup tions and uneasiness of the penitent), and ve delivered in the nasal tone of all orthod preachers.

And shining in her white symar. "Symar"-shroud.

This broken tale was all we knew

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Deep in whose darkly boding ear. [p. 66. Of her he loved or him he slew. This superstition of a second-hearing (for I The circumstance to which the above story never met with downright second-sight in the relates was not very uncommon in Turkey. East) fell once under my own observation.-On few years ago the wife of Muchtar Pacha ́eammy third journey to Cape Colonna, early in 1811, plained to his father of his son's supposed infas we passed through the defile that leads from delity; he asked with whom, and she had the the hamlet between Keratia and Colonna, I ob- barbarity to give in a list of the twelve band served Dervish Tahiri riding rather out of the somest women in Yanina. They were seized. path, and leaning his head upon his hand, as if fastened up in sacks, and drowned the same in pain. I rode up and inquired. "We are in night! One of the guards who was present inperil," he answered. "What peril? we are not formed me, that not one of the victims uttered now in Albania, nor in the passes to Ephesus, a cry, or showed a symptom of terror at se små Messalunghi, or Lepanto; there are plenty of den a "wrench from all we know, from all we us, well armed, and the Choriates have not cou- love." The fate of Phrosine, the fairest of the rage to be thieves."-"True, Affendi; but never-sacrifice, is the subject of many a Romaic and theless the shot is ringing in my ears."-"The Arnaut ditty. The story in the text is man shot-not a tophaike has been fired this morn- told of a young Venetian many years ago, and ing.""I hear it notwithstanding-Bom-Bom- now nearly forgotten. I heard it by accident as plainly as I hear your voice."—"Psha.”—“As you please, Affendi; if it is written, so will it be."I left this quick-eared predestinarian, and rode up to Basili, his Christian compatriot, whose ears, though not at all prophetic, by no means relished the intelligence. We all arrived at Colonna, remained some hours, and returned leisurely, saying a variety of brilliant things, in For the contents of some of the notes I am more languages than spoiled the building of Ba-indebted partly to D'Herbelot, and partly to bel, upon the mistaken seer; Romaic, Arnaut, that most castern, and, as Mr. Weber justly

recited by one of the coffee-house story telleri who abound in the Levant, and sing or recite their narratives. The additions and interpala tions by the translator will be easily distinguished from the rest by the want of Eastern imagery; and I regret that my memory has re tained so few fragments of the original

T

entitles it, "sublime tale," the "Caliph Vathek." do not know from what source the author of that singular volume may have drawn his materials; some of his incidents are to be found in the "Bibliothèque Orientale;" but for correctness of costume, beauty of description, and power of imagination, it far surpasece all Euro

pean imitations; and bears such marks of originality, that those who have visited the East will find some difficulty in believing it to be more than a translation. As an Eastern tale, even Rasselas must bow before it; his "Happy Valley" will not bear a comparison with the "Hall of Eblis."

NOTES TO THE BRIDE OF ABYDOS.

Wax faint o'er the gardens of Gul in her bloom. [p. 68. "Gul," the rose.

Can he smile on such deeds as his children have done? [p. 69. Souls made of fire, and children of the Sun, With whom Revenge is Virtue.

YOUNG's Revenge.

With Mejnoun's tale, or Sadi's song. [p. 69. Mejnoun and Leila, the Romeo and Juliet of the East. Sadi, the moral poet of Persia.

Till I, who heard the deep tambour. (p. 69. Tambour, Turkish drum, which sounds at sunrise, noon, and twilight.

He is an Arab to my sight. [p. 70. The Turks abhor the Arabs (who return the compliment a hundredfold) even more than they hate the Christians.

The mind, the Music breathing from her face.

IP

70.

This expression has met with objections. will not refer to "Him who hath not Music in his soul," but merely request the reader to recollect, for ten seconds, the features of the woman whom he believes to be the most beautiful; and if he then does not comprehend fully what is feebly expressed in the above line, I shall be sorry for as both. For an eloquent passage in the latest work of the first female writer of this, perhaps, of any age, on the analogy (and the immediate comparison excited by that analogy) between "painting and music," see vol. III. chap. 10. DE L'ALLEMAGNE. And is not this connexion still stronger with the original than the copy? with the colouring of Nature than of Art? After all, this is rather to be felt than described; still I think there are some who will understand it, at least they would have done, had they beheld the countenance whose speaking harmony suggested the idea; for this passage is not drawn from imagination but memory, that mirror which Affliction dashes to the earth, and, looking down upon the fragments, only beholds the reflection multiplied! [p. 70.

But yet the line of Carasman. Carasman Oglou, or Kara Osman Oglou, is the principal landholder in Turkey; he governs Magnesia: those who, by a kind of feudal tenure, possess land on condition of service, are called Timariots: they serve as Spahis, according to the extent of territory, and bring a certain number into the field, generally cavalry.

And teach the messenger what fate. [p. 70. When a Pacha is sufficiently strong to resist, the single messenger, who is always the first bearer of the order for his death, is strangled instead, and sometimes five or six, one after the

other, on the same errand, by command of the refractory patient; if, on the contrary, he is weak or loyal, he bows, kisses the Sultan's respectable signature, and is bowstrung with great complacency. In 1810, several of these presents were exhibited in the niche of the Seraglio-gate; among others, the head of the Pacha of Bagdad, a brave young man, cut off by treachery, after a desperate resistance.

Thrice clapp'd his hands, and call'd his steed.

[p. 70. Clapping of the hands calls the servants. The Turks hate a superfluous expenditure of voice, and they have no bells.

Resign'd his gem-adorn'd Chibouque. [p. 70. Chibouque, the Turkish pipe, of which the amber mouth-piece, and sometimes the ball which contains the leaf, is adorned with precious stones, if in possession of the wealthier orders.

With Maugrabee and Mamaluke. Maugrabee, Moorish mercenaries.

(p. 70.

His way amid his Delis took. [p. 70. Deli, bravos who form the forlorn hope of the cavalry and always begin the action.

Careering cleave the folded felt.

[p. 71.

A twisted fold of felt is used for scimitarpractice by the Turks, and few but Mussulman arms can cut through it at a single stroke: sometimes a tough turban is used for the same purpose. The jerreed is a game of blunt javelins, animated and graceful.

Nor heard their Ollahs wild and loud— [p. 71. “Ollahs," Alla il Allah, the "Leilies," as the Spanish poets call them, the sound is Ollah; a cry of which the Turks, for a silent people, are somewhat profuse, particularly during the jerreed, or in the chase, but mostly in battle. Their animation in the field, and gravity in the chamber, with their pipes and comboloios, form an amusing contrast.

The Persian Atar-gul's perfume. (p. 71. "Atar-gul," ottar of roses. The Persian is the finest.

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voked some learned controversy as to the opinions of the ancients on the subject. I dare not venture a conjecture on the point, though a little inclined to the "errare mallem, if Mr. Fox was mistaken.

In him was some young Galiongće. (p. 44 "Galiongée-or Galiongi, a sailor, that is, a Turkish sailor; the Greeks navigate, the Taris work the guns. Their dress is picturesque; and I have seen the Capitan Pacha more than est? wearing it as a kind of incog. Their legs, hav scribed in the text as sheated behind with silver, are those of an Arnaut robber, who was my host he had quitted the profession), at his Pyrgo, an Gastouni in the Morea; they were plated in scal one over the other, like the back of an armadik

Even Azrael, from his deadly quiver. [p. 71. ever, are generally naked. The busking de Azrael-the angel of death.

(p. 71.
See

Within the caves of Istakar.
The treasures of the Preadamite Sultans.
D'HERBELOT, article Istakar.

(p. 72.

Holds not a Musselim's control. Musselim, a governor, the next in rank after a Pacha; a Waywode is the third; and then come the Agas.

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So may the Koran verse display'd.
The characters on all Turkish scimitars ca

sometimes the name of the place of their facture but more generally a text from t Koran, in letters of gold. Amongst those in Was he not bred in Egripo? possession is one with a blade of singular [p. 72. struction; it is very broad, and the edge Egripo the Negropont. According to the pro-ed into serpentine curves like the ripple verb, the Turks of Egripo, the jews of Salonica, water, or the wavering of flame. I asked the and the Greeks of Athens, are the worst of their Armenian who sold it, what possible use suc respective races. figure could add: he said, in Italian, that he did not know; but the Mussulmans had an idea tha Ah! yonder see the Tchocadar. those of this form gave a severer wound; and "Tchocadar"-one of the attendants who pre-liked it because it was "piu feroce." I did n cedes a man of authority. much admire the reason, but bought it for i peculiarity.

[p. 72.

Thine own "broad Hellespont" still dashes. (p. 73. The wrangling about this epithet, "the broad Hellespont or the boundless Hellespont,' whether it means one or the other, or what it means at all, has been beyond all possibility of detail. I have even heard it disputed on the spot; and not foreseeing a speedy conclusion to the controversy, amused myself with swimming across it in the mean time, and probably may again, before the point is settled. Indeed, the question as to the truth of "the tale of Troy divine" still continues, much of it resting upon the talismanic word "axeloos" probably Homer had the same notion of distance that a coquette has of time, and when he talks of boundless, means half a mile; as the latter, by a like figure, when she says eternal attachment, simply specifies three weeks.

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But like the nephew of a Cain. It is to be observed, that every allusion any thing or personage in the Old Testamen such as the Ark, or Cain, is equally the privileg of Mussulman and Jew; indeed the former pr fess to be much better acquainted with the lives true and fabulous, of the patriarchs, that i warranted by our own Sacred Writ, and content with Adam, they have a biography d Pre-Adamites. Solomon is the monarch of a necromancy, and Moses a prophet inferior any to Christ and Mahomet. Zuleika is the Persia name of Potiphar's wife, and her amour with Joseph constitutes one of the finest poems in their language. It is therefore no violation of costume to put the names of Cain, or Noah, inte the mouth of a Moslem.

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They gave their horsetails to the wind. (p. N
Horsetail, the standard of a Pacha.

He drank one draught, nor needed more! [p

Giaffir, Pacha of Argyro Castro, or Scutari, 1 am not sure which, was actually taken off by the Albanian Ali, in the manner described in the text. Ali Pacha, while I was in the country married the daughter of his victim, some ra after the event had taken place at a bath in Sophia, or Adrianople. The poison was mise in the cup of coffee, which is presented before the sherbet by the bath-keeper, after dressing,

I sought by turns, and saw them all. [p confined to the Archipelago, the sea alluded to The Turkish notions of almost all islands are

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let me like the ocean-Patriarch roam. [p. 76. This first of voyages is one of the few with hich the Mussulmans profess much acquaintance.

only know on land the Tartar's home. [p. 76. The wandering life of the Arabs, Tartars, and urkomans, will be found well detailed in any sok of Eastern travels. That it possesses a marm peculiar to itself cannot be denied. A oung French renegado confessed to Chateauriand, that he never found himself alone, galping in the desert, without a sensation apFoaching to rapture, which was indescribable.

looming as Aden in its earliest hour. [p. 76. "Jannat al Aden," the perpetual abode, the lussulman Paradise.

And mourn'd above his turban-stone. (p. 78. A turban is carved in stone above the graves f men only.

The loud Wul-wulleh warn his distant ear. [p. 78. The death-song of the Turkish women. The silent slaves" are the men whose notions of ecorum forbid complaint in public.

"Where to my child ?"-an Echo answers "Where? [p. 78. "I came to the place of my birth and cried,

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"And airy tongues that syllable men's names.“ MILTON.

For a belief that the souls of the dead inhabit the form of birds, we need not travel to the East. Lord Lyttleton's ghost-story, the belief of the Duchess of Kendal, that George 1. flew into her window in the shape of a raven (see Orford's Reminiscences), and many other instances, bring this superstition nearer home. The most singular was the whim of a Worcester lady, who, believing her daughter to exist in the shape of a singing bird, literally furnished her pew in the Cathedral with cages-full of the kind; and as she was rich, and a benefactress in beautifying the church, no objection was made to her harmless folly."

NOTES TO THE CORSAIR.

The time in this poem may seem too short for ❘ of nature I shall attempt to prove by some hishe occurrences, but the whole of the Egean torical coincidences which I have met with since sles are within a few hours' sail of the conti-writing "The_Corsair." ent, and the reader must be kind enough to ake the wind as I have often found it.

"Eccelin prisonnier," dit Rolandini, "s'enfermoit dans un silence menaçant, il fixoit sur la terre son visage féroce, et ne donnoit point Of fair Olympia loved and left of old. [p. 85. d'essor à sa profonde indignation.-De toutes Orlando, Canto 10.

Around the waves' phosphoric brightness broke.
[p. 87.
By night, particularly in a warm latitude,
very stroke of the oar, every motion of the
oat or ship, is followed by a slight flash like
sheet lightning from the water.

Coffee.

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-the sober berry's juice.

parts cependant les soldats et les peupies accouroient; ils vouloient voir cet homme, jadis si puissant, et la joie universelle éclatoit de toutes parts."

"Eccelin étoit d'une petite taille; mais tout l'aspect de sa personne, tous ses mouvemens indiquoient un soldat. Son langage étoit amer, son déportement superbe, et par son seul regard, [p. 87. il faisoit trembler les plus hardis." SISMONDI, Otome 111. p. 219.

"Gizericus (Genseric, king of the Vandals, While dance the Almas to wild minstrelsy. [p.87. the conqueror of both Carthage and Rome), staDancing-girls.

4 captive Dervise, from the pirate's nest Escaped, is here-himself would tell the rest. [p. 87. It has been objected that Conrad's entering disguised as a spy is out of nature.-Perhaps 180.-I find something not unlike it in history. "Anxious to explore with his own eyes the state of the Vandals, Majorian ventured, after disguising the colour of his hair, to visit Carthage in the character of his own ambassador; and Genseric was afterwards mortified by the discovery, that he had entertained and dismissed the Emperor of the Romans. Such an anecdote may be rejected as an improbable fiction; but it is a fiction which would not have been imagined unless in the life of a hero." GIBBON, Decl. and Fall, vol. vi. p. 180.

tura mediocris, et equi casu claudicans, animo
profundus, sermone rarus, luxuriæ contemptor,
ira turbidus, habendi cupidus, ad solicitandas
gentes providentissimus." JORNANDES de Rebus
Geticis, c. 33.
I beg leave to quote these gloomy realities to
keep in countenance my Giaour and Corsair.

And my stern vow and order's laws oppose.
[p. 88.
The Dervises are in colleges, and of different
orders, as the monks.

They seize that Dervise!-seize on Zatanai!
[p. 89.
Satan.

He tore his beard, and foaming fled the fight.

[P. 89.

That Conrad is a character not altogether out A common and not very novel effect of Mus

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