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shell, in this position, must have given perfect protection to the soft parts of the body enclosed within. (Scharf.)

Fig. 4. Side view of Calymene macrophthalmus, rolled up, with its tail closed on its shield. (Curtis.)

Fig. 5. Front view of another specimen of C. Macrophthalmus, rolled up like Fig. 4. The Eyes in fossils preserved, and their

of this species are usually well
facets large. (Curtis.)

Fig. 6. Asaphus tuberculatis; a highly ornamented species from the Transition Limestone of Dudley; in the collection of Mr. Johnson, of Bristol. The back alone is composed of flexible plates. (Curtis.) Fig. 7. Asaphus De Buchii, from the transition slate of Llandilo; the tail is surrounded with an inflexible Margin, slightly fluted. (Brongniart.)

Fig. 8. Restoration of Paradoxoides Tessini, (Brong-
niart. Hist. Nat. de Crustacés, Pl. IV. Fig. 1.)
Fig. 9. Oxygia Guettardii, (Brongniart, Hist. Nat. de
Crustacés, Pl. III. Fig. 1.)

Fig. 10. Highly ornamented tail of Asaphus gemmuliferus, (Phillips,) from the Transition Limestone of Dublin, magnified four times. (Curtis.)

Fig. 11. Tail of Asaphus caudatus, from Carboniferous limestone, at Beadnell, Northumberland; in the collection of the Geol. Soc. of London. (Original.)

Fig. 12. Tail of Asaphus caudatus, from Transition limestone, near Leominster; in the Oxford Museum.

PLATE 46. V. I. p. 306.

Fig. 1. Back of a fossil Scorpion of a new genus (Cyclophthalmus) found by Count Sternberg in the Coal formation of Bohemia, in a quarry of sandy

argillaceous Schist, sufficiently hard to be used for building. Nat. size. (V. I. p. 307, Note.)

Even the skin, hairs, and pores of the trachea of this animal are preserved.

In the same stone are many carbonized fragments of Vegetables, and on the right of the body is a large fossil Nut (a); this side of the animal has been laid open by cutting away the stone. (Sternberg.)

2. Lower surface of the same animal, discovered in splitting the stone in search of fossil Plants; nat. size. Near the point of the right claw, is a fragment of the tail of another and larger Scorpion. (See Pl. 46", Fig. 13.) We have here also the side of the same nut that is seen in Fig. 1. a. This trifid nut exhibits traces of the structure of the outer coating in which it was inclosed. (Sternberg.)

3. Magnified representation of the Head and Eyes. See V. I. p. 307. (Sternberg.)

4. Magnified jaw, armed with teeth, and partially covered with minute hairs. (Sternberg.)

5. Hairs on Fig. 4, highly magnif ed. (Sternberg.) 6. Magnified representation of a portion of the skin, consisting of two divisible layers. See V. I. p. 308. (Sternberg.)

7. Magnified impressions of muscular fibres connected with the legs. (Sternberg.)

PLATE 46". V. I. p. 308.

Fossil Insects, Arachnidans, and Limulus.

The following description of the Insects represented in this Plate is founded on information received from Mr. Curtis and Mr. Samouelle.

Figs. 1 and 2 belong to the family of Curculionidæ, of which the Diamond beetle is a familiar example.

They were discovered by Mr. Wm. Anstice in nodules of Iron stone from the Coal formation of Coalbrook Dale.

Fig. 1 nearly resembles some of the South American types of Curculio, but the antennæ are longer and stronger than is usual in living species. Only the back of the head is visible, with faint indications of the place of the eyes; the Rostrum is not apparent, it probably descends into the Iron stone beneath, and this position will explain the appearance and place of the Antennæ.

The Elytra seem to have been connate towards their lower extremity, but their line of junction is visible towards the Thorax. The substance of the Elytra and Thorax, and of portions of the legs is replaced by white Iron ore, having the lustre of Satin.

Mr. Curtis conceives that the tufted appearance of the legs may have been caused by fungi formed after death, as often happens in tropical climates. The enlargement of the Femur of the hindmost leg in our fossil is a character peculiar to the Curculionidæ.* (Original.)

Fig. 2. Mr. Samouelle considers this extinct fossil species to approach most nearly to the Brachycerus apterus of Africa.† (Original.)

Fig. 3. Limulus trilobitoides (nobis) forming the Nucleus

* Until more perfect data are found, on which generic characters can be established, I propose to designate this Insect by the provisional name of Curculioides Ansticii.

The animal lies on its back with the left side raised upwards, and exhibiting a portion of the exterior surface of the left Elytron.

At a. b. are the remains of Antennæ, and near the base of a, ap

of a nodule of Iron ore from Coalbrook Dale. V. I. p. 299.* (Original.)

parently a fragment of the proboscis; the legs are all imperfect; the thorax is very large, and only its inferior surface is visible, being exposed by the removal of the pectoral portion of the trunk; this surface is covered with irregular indentations, which represent the hollow interior of a series of spinous tubercles, and verrucose projections on the back of the thorax.

In the centre of the thorax is a compound depression larger than the rest, indicating the presence of a corresponding projection on the back.

Among living Curculionidæ irregular tubercles and projections of this kind occur on the thorax of the Brachycerus apterus.

The left Elytron only is distinctly visible, embracing with its margin the side of the Abdomen; its outer surface is irregularly and minutely punctate. Two spinous tubercles project from near its posterior extremity, and a corresponding tubercle from the extremity of the right elytron. Similar spines occur on the Elytrons of Brachycerus; and of some Curculionidae of N. Holland. The abdominal rings are very distinct. I shall designate this Insect by the provisional name of Curculioides Prestvicii.

M. Audouin exhibited at the meeting of the Naturforscher at Bonn, in September, 1835, a beautiful wing of a neuropterous Insect, in a nodule of clay Iron stone, apparently also from the neighbourhood of Coalbrook Dale, which had been purchased at the sale of Parkinson's collection by Mr. Mantell, and transmitted by him to M. Brongniart. This wing is nearly three inches long, and closely resembles that of the living Corydalis of Carolina and Pennsylvania; it is much broader and nearly of the length of the wing of a large Dragon Fly.

* Several specimens of this species are in the collection of Mr. Wm. Anstice at Madely Wood. Our figure is taken from a cast or impression of the back of the animal in Iron stone, in which the transverse lines across the abdominal segment are not very apparent; other specimens exhibit deep transverse flutings, externally resembling the separate segments of the back of a Trilobite, but apparently not dividing the shell into more than one abdominal Plate, nor admitting of flexure like the articulating segments of a Trilobite.

The transverse depressions on the back of the second segment of

Figs. 4-9. Elytra of Insects in the Oolitic slate of Stonesfield. Mr. Curtis considers all these to belong to the family Buprestis. (Original.)

Fig. 10. Leg of an Insect in the Stonesfield slate, Oxon, considered by Mr. Curtis to be that of a Curculio.", (Original.)

Fig. 11. A fossil Fly from the fresh water formation of Aix in Provence, in the collection of Mrs. Murchison. Mr. Curtis considers this Fly to be of the same species with one of those engraved in Fig. 11 of his Plate of Insects from this locality, in Jameson's Journal, Oct. 1829. (Original.)

Although it agrees with no living genus, he thinks it undoubtedly belongs to the family of Tipulidæ,

the body of this animal, form a character wherein it approaches nearer than the living Limulus to the structure of Trilobites. The articulation of the long awl-shaped tail with the body in Fig. 3, and in other specimens is very distinct. This Limulus is the Entomolithus monoculites of Martin, (Petrifacta Derbiensia, Tab. 45, Fig. 4.) and Belinurus bellulus of König, (Icon. Sect. Pl. XVIII. No. 230.) M. Parkinson, Org. Rem. iii. Pl. XVII. Fig. 18, has figured a similar fossil from Dudley, in iron stone of the Coal formation.

* Mr. Rr. C. Taylor mentions the occurrence of the wing covers of Beetles in the shale of the Danby Coal pits, in the Eastern Moorlands of Yorkshire. This shale has nearly the same place in the Oolitic series as the Stonesfield slate. See Loudon's Mag. Nat. Hist. V. iii. P. 361.

In the private collection of Dr. de Siebold at Leyden, I saw in Oct. 1835, a most beautiful and unique specimen of a Buprestis, from Japan, about an inch long, converted to Calcedony. Even the antennæ and portions of the legs are distinctly preserved.

In the same collection are fragments of silicified trees, bored with tubular cavities, apparently by the larvæ of animals of this kind; and within these cavities, a quantity of dust, produced by the boring, was observed by M. Brongniart to be converted to Calcedony. From this circumstance we may conjecture that the perfect insect was lodged in a similar tube, when it became transformed into Calcedony. The surface of this Insect is covered with clusters of minute concentric rings of Calcedony (Orbicules of Brongniart) so common in silicified fossil shells.

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