Fig. 1. Ornithichnites giganteus. Many tracks of this species occur at Mount Tom, near Northampton, U. S. Fig. 2. O. tuberosus. Portions of three tracks, and a single footstep of a fourth appear on the same slab. The two longest of them are in opposite directions. Fig. 3. O. tuberosus, on a slab in front of the Court House in Northampton, from Mount Tom. Fig. 4. O. ingens, from a quarry called the Horse Race, near Gill. The appendage to the heel is not distinct in this track. Fig. 5. O. diversus, on a flag-stone near the first church door at Northampton, U. S. Fig. 6. O. diversus. We have here three rows of tracks and a single footstep, from the Horse Race Quarry. Fig. 7. O. diversus; found near South Hadley, U. S. Fig. 9. O. diversus. Two parallel tracks from the Horse Fig. 10. O. diversus; nearly parallel tracks of two birds, with an appendage behind each foot; from the quarries at Montague, U. S. Fig. 11. O. minimus; common at the Horse Race Quarry; similar impressions of the feet of small birds vary from half an inch to an inch and half in length. Figs. 12. 13. 14. O. diversus; from the Horse Race Quarry. Tracks of different individuals of different species, and different sizes cross one another confusedly in these three slabs. Fig. 15. Recent track of probably a Snipe. Fig. 16. Recent track of a Pea-hen. Fig. 17. Recent track of a domestic hen. PLATE 26. Fig. 1. Ornithichnites giganteus. The natural cast here figured represents the form and size of the foot, and part of the claws. (Hitchcock.) Fig. 2. Ornithichnites diversus, with impressions of the appendage to the heel, drawn from a plaster mould sent by Prof. Hitchcock to the Geol. Soc. of London. (Original.) Fig. 3. Track of a small animal on Oolitic slate near Bath. See Journal of Royal Institution of London, 1831, p. 538, Pl. 5. (Poulett Scrope.)* PLATE 27. V. I. p. 205. Figs. 1-8. Tubercles and Scales, illustrating the four new Orders of Fishes, established by Professor Agassiz. (Agassiz.) * Mr. Poulett Scrope has presented to the Geol. Soc. of London a series of Slabs selected from the tile quarries worked in the Forest Marble beds of the Oolite formation near Bradford and Bath. The surface of these beds is covered with small undulations or ripple markings, such as are common on the sand of every shallow shore, and also with numerous tracks of small animals (apparently Crustaceans) which traversed the sand in various directions, whilst it was yet soft, and covered with a thin film of clay. These footmarks are in double lines parallel to each other, showing two indentations, as if formed by small claws, and sometimes traces of a third claw. (See Pl. 26", Fig. 3.) There is often also a third line of tracks between the other two, as if produced by the tail or stomach of the animal touching the ground. Where the animal passed over the ridges of the ripple markings or wrinkles on the sand, they are flattened and brushed down. Thus a ridge between b. and d. (Pl. 26, Fig. 3) has been flattened, and there is a hollow at e. on the steep side of the ridge, which may have been produced by the animal slipping down or climbing up the acclivity. Fig. 8. a. Tube on the under surface of a scale for the passage of the mucous duct. See V. I. Note, p. 150. (Agassiz.) Fig. 9. Anterior extremity of the lower jaw of Holoptychus Hibberti, from the Limestone of Burdie house, near Edinburgh. See Note, V. I. p. 209. The rugged surface of this bone is very remarkable. (Hibbert.) Fig. 9'. Small teeth of Holoptychus Hibberti, fluted externally towards their base, and having a hollow cone within. (Hibbert.) Fig. 9". A small tooth magnified. (Hibbert.) Fig. 10. One of the larger teeth in the Jaw of Holoptychus Hibberti, deeply fluted at the base, and having a hollow cone within. None of these teeth have sockets, but they adhere by a bony attachment to the jaw. (Hibbert.) Fig. 11. Tooth of Holoptychus Hibberti. (Hibbert.) Fig. 12. Tooth of Megalichthys Hibberti.* (Hibbert.) Figs. 13, 14. Teeth of Holoptychus Hibberti. bert.) Figs. 11. 12. 13. 14. are from Burdie house. (Hib *Since the discovery of Megalichthys, which we have quoted in V. I. p. 210, Mr. W. Anstice, of Madeley, has found two jaws and punctate scales of the same species, in nodules of Iron stone from the Coal field of Coalbrook Dale; he has also found Ichthyodorulites, bones of fishes, and Coprolites, forming the nuclei of other balls of the same Iron stone. Mr. Murchison has still more recently (1835) discovered remains of the Megalichthys, Holoptychus, and Coprolites, with several species of Unio, in the Wolverhampton Coal field. These great Sauroid fishes, which were first recognised at Edinburgh, in Sept. 1834, have also been detected in the English Coal fields of Newcastle on Tyne, Leeds, and Newcastle under Lyne. PLATE 27a. V. I. p. 212. Fig. 1. Lepidosteus osseus, or bony Pike of North America. (Agassiz. Vol 2. Tab. A.) Fig. 2. Portion of the lower Jaw of Lipidosteus osseus, showing the occurrence of a row of larger conical hollow teeth, fluted externally, between two rows of smaller Teeth. (Original.) 2. a. Longitudinal section of a large Tooth, showing the internal hollow cone. (Original.) 2. b. Transverse section of a large Tooth. (Original.) Fig. 3. Transverse section of the Jaw. fig. 2. (Original.) Fig. 4. Fragment of a small upper Jaw of Megalichthys Hibberti, from Burdie house, showing a disposition of large and small teeth, similar to that in fig. 2. (Hibbert.) 4. a. b. Transverse section of the larger teeth. 4. c. Longitudinal section of a large Tooth.* 4. d. Punctate scale of Megalichthys. Fig. 5. Aspidohrynchus: a fossil Sauroid fish from the Limestone of Solenhofen. (Agassiz, Vol I. Tab. F.) PLATE 27. V. I. p. 212. Amblypterus: one of the fossil fishes peculiar to the Carboniferous strata. Agassiz, Vol. I. Tab. A. fig. 3.) * It appears that in the Megalichthys and Holoptychus the structure of the teeth, both large and small, was precisely the same as in the large and small teeth of Lepidosteus osseus, both as to the hollow internal conical cavity, and the external flutings towards the base, and also as to their mode of growth by ascent of fibrous matter from the bony substance of the jaw, and not from roots placed in deep alveoli, as in many of the Saurians. PLATE 27. Vol I. p. 214. Fig. 1. Fossil fish of the genus Microdon, in the family Pycnodonts. (Agassiz, Vol. I. Tab. G. fig. 3.) Fig. 2. Os Vomer of Gyrodus umbilicatus, from the Great Oolite of Durrheim, in Baden. (Agassiz.) Fig. 3. Os Vomer of Pycnodus trigonus, from Stonesfield, Oxon. (Original.) PLATE 274. V. I. p. 218, Note. A. Teeth of a recent Shark, allied to fossil species. Fig. 2. Anterior cutting teeth of Port Jackson Shark, in the College of Surgeons, London. (Owen.) Fig. 3. Flat tessellated tooth of the same. Nat. size. a. Outer articular facet, showing the tubular structure of the bony base. b. Punctate surface of the superficial enamel. (Owen.) Fig. 4. Mesial, and inner articular facet of another large tooth of the same. a. Upper concave margin thinly covered with enamel. b. Lower bony margin without enamel. a'. b'. Bony base of the tooth exposed by removal of the Enamel. The surface is areolar, from the bending and blending together of the bony tubes. c. c'. Fractured edge of the marginal and superficial enamel. (Owen.) Fig. 5. Another anterior cutting tooth. a. Smooth enamelled point. b. Minutely rugous and tuberculated base. In some of the cutting teeth both sides of the base are rugous. (Owen.) B. Various forms of fossil Teeth, in the three sub-families of Sharks. (B. 1. to B. 13. Agassiz.) Figs. 1-5. Teeth of fossil Sharks in the sub-family of Cestracionts. See V. I. p. 218. |