tions, i. 113; adapted to live on
trees, i. 114.
Smyth, Capt., experiments on Mas.
sey's log and bottles sunk in a
deep sea, i. 261.
Soemmering, Professor, pterodac-
tyle described by, i. 172.
Soldani, his collection of fossil shells
in Tuscany, i. 97.

Solenhofen, pterodactyle found at,
i. 171, 172; libellula and other
insects found at, i. 171; fossil
fishes of, i. 203; fossil crustace-
ans from, i. 292.
Species, changes of, indicate changes
of climate, i. 96.

Speeton, hamites found at, i. 277.
Spiders, fossil in jurassic and terti-
ary strata, i. 306.
Spinax acanthius, horny dorsal
spine of, i. 220.
Spirula, derived from a sepia, i.
273, 239; ii. 63.
Springs, how supplied by stratified
rocks, i. 62; origin and impor-
tance of, i. 415, 418; ordinary
supply of rivers by, i. 416; causes
of their production, i. 416; sup-
ply from rain water, i. 417, 418;
systems of, near Bath, i. 418;
produced in Derbyshire, by faults,
i. 418; two systems of, originat-
ing in faults, i. 418; local causes
of irregularities in, 424.
Squaloids, extent of, 287.
Stark, Dr., on changes of colour in
fishes, i. 163.
Star fish, number of ossicula in, i.
332.

Steam power, prodigious effect of,

i. 399; amount of, employed in
Cornwall and in England, i. 400.
Stelleridans, geological commence-
ment of, i. 313; structure of fos-
sil, similar to that of existing spe-
cies, i. 313.
Steneosaurus genus established by
St. Hilaire, i. 193.
Sternberg, Count, his Flore du
Monde primitif, i. 343; on cy-
cadea and zamites in the coal
formation, i. 369; his discovery
of fossil scorpions, i. 306.
Stigmaria, form and character of, i.
357, 358; dome-shaped trunk, i.

357; internal structure of, i. 358;
probable aquatic habit of, i. 359.
St. Hilaire, Geoffroy de, his new
genera of fossil crocodileans, i.
193.

St. Ouen, Artesian well at, i. 419.
Stones, none have existed in their
present state for ever, i. 426.
Stonesfield, mixture of marine and
terrestrial animals in oolite at, i.
99; pterodactyle found at, i. 171;
megalosaurus found at, i. 180;
scales of testudinata found at, i.
197; castings of marine worms
at, i. 198; remains of marsupialia
found at, i. 203; rhyncholites
found at, i. 241.

Stratified rocks, aggregate thickness
of, i. 38.

Straus, on eyes of insects, &c. i.
299.

Sturgeons, functions of living spe-
cies, i. 212.
Sublimation, theory of veins filled
by, i. 411.

Succession, eternal, of species dis-
proved by phenomena of primary
rocks, i. 51.

Sumner, Bishop, his records of
Creator, i. 35.
Superposition, regular order of in
strata, i. 16.
Surturbrand, brown coal of Iceland,
i. 381, 382.
Syringodendron, name applied to
many species of sigillaria, i. 352.

Tankerville, Lady, Zamia in conser-
vatory of, i. 371.

Taylor, Mr. R. C, on fossil fuci in

Pennsylvania, i. 340.

Taylor, Mr. I. C., on duty of steam

engines, i. 398 et seq.; on bene-
ficial disposition of metals, i. 413.
Teleosaurus, genus of, established
by St. Hilaire, i. 193; skeleton of
from Whitby, i. 193.
Temperature, changes indicated by
fossil vegetables, 341; proofs of
gradual diminution of, i. 380.
Tertiary strata, character of, i. 66;
character of their fossil vegeta-
bles, i. 341.

Testudo græca, recent footsteps of,
i. 199.

Theories, Huttonian and Werne-
rian, 43, 411.

Thompson, Mr., pentacrinus euro-
pæus discovered by, i. 325.
Thomas, Mr. R., map and sections
of mining district near Redruth,
i. 411.

Tiedemann, on bones in star-fish, i.
332.

Tilgate forest, reptiles discovered

by Mr. Mantell in, i. 99.
Time, lapse of long periods univer-
sally admitted, i, 21; proof of
long lapse of, i. 96; proof of
lapse of, during deposition of
strata, i. 285.

Torpedo, fossil in tertiary strata, i.

221.

Torre D'Orlando, fishes perished
suddenly at, i. 102.

Tortoises, number of existing fa-
milies, i. 195; divisions of fossil
ditto, i. 195; extent of fossil spe-
cies, i. 195; marine species from
Glaris, i. 196; fossil land spe-
cies, rare, i. 197; footsteps of
in Scotland, i. 198; fresh-water
species, locality of, i. 197.
Tour, supposed of a foreigner
through England, i. 13.
Tours, Artesian wells in chalk of,
i. 423.

Townsend Mr., on origin of springs,
i. 416.
Trachelipods, two sections of, car-
nivorous and herbivorous, i. 225;
carnivorous, perforate living
shells, i. 226; carnivorous rare
before the tertiary strata, i. 227;
herbivorous, extend through all
strata to the present time, i.
227; carnivorous succeeded to
functions of extinct carnivorous
cephalopods, i. 227, 236.
Trachyte, character and phenomena
of, ii. 7.

Trap, various phenomena of, ii. 6.
Transition series, history and extent

of, i. 55; strata, character of
their fossil vegetables, i. 341.
Transmutation of species, disproved
in the case of fishes, i. 223; the-
ory of, opposed by trilobites and

animals allied to them, i. 298;
associated with developement by
Lamark, 435.

Trevelyan, Mr. W. C., his disco-
very of coprolites near Leith, i.

155.

Trilobites, geographical and geolo-
gical distribution of, i. 294; ge.
nera and species of, i. 295; his-
tory and structure of, i. 295;
living animals allied to, i. 296
et seq; eyes of, i. 299; physio-
logical inferences from fossil eyes,
i. 302 et seq.

Tryonix, fossil, localities of, i. 196.
Trygon, fossil in tertiary strata, i.
221.

Tucker, his speculation as to pos

sible existences in the interior of
the earth, i. 53; his views of the
relations of the world to man, i.
83.

Tufa, calcareous, local deposites
of, ii. 11.

Turin, bones in museum at, i. 79.
Turrilite, character and extent of,
i. 279.

Turtles, fossil, i. 195, 196.

Ulodendron, character of, i. 357.
Unity geological argument for the
unity of the Deity, i. 433, 434,
435.

Val D'Arno, bones in fresh water
formation of, i. 79.
Vapour, influence of in causing ele-
vations of land, i. 43.
Vegetables, study of fossil impor-
tant, i. 339; recent sub-marine,
divisions of, i. 339; fossil sub-
marine, divisions of, i. 340; ter-
restrial, geological distributions
of, i. 340; remains of, preserved
in coal formation, i. 344; re-
mains of in transition strata, i.
129, 345; genera, most abundant
in coal, i. 360; proportions of
families in coal formation, i. 360;
remains of, in secondary strata,
i. 368; remains of, in tertiary
strata, i. 380; numbers of fossil
and recent species, i. 370; cha-
racters of during the three great
geological epochs, i. 389-391;

connexion of with physico-theo-
logy, i. 492.
Veins, mineral, origin and disposi-
tion of, i. 409, 411; most fre-
quent in early rocks, i. 410;
theories respecting origin of, i.
411; apparatus for production
of, i. 425; granitic, intersecting
older granite, ii. 4; of sienite,
porphyry, serpentine and green-
stone, intersecting other rocks,
ii. 5; mineral, influence of elec-
tro-magnetic action in, ii. 107-
109.

Vertebrata, represented by fishes

in the transition formation, i. 56.
Volcanoes, present effect of, i. 46.
Volcanic forces, their effects on
the condition of the globe, i. 47.
Volcanic rocks, frequent in tertiary
strata, i. 76; of modern formia-
tion, ii. 7.

Voltz, M., on Mantellia from Lune-
ville, i. 369.

Voltzia, genus of coniferæ in new

red sandstone, i. 364.

Watchet, nacre of ammonites pre-

served in lias at, i. 283.
Waters, not created on the third
day of Mosaic cosmogony, i. 30;
sources of mineral and thermal
in faults, i. 424.
Water, its rank in geological dyna-
mics, i. 33; supplied to springs
by stratified rocks, i. 62; its
agency in preserving organic re-
mains, i. 104; circulation of in
metallic veins, i. 408; perpetual
circulation and functions of, i.
416.

Watt, his experiments on crystalli
zation of bodies cooled slowly, i.

41.

Weinbohla, sienite, intersecting
and overlying chalk at, ii. 5.
Weis, Professor, his account of
bones of megatherium, i. 127;
his belief that the megatherium
had armour, i. 128.

Wells, causes of rise of water in, i.
418.

Werner, his theory of the forma
tion of stratified rocks, i. 43; of
veins, i 411.
Wheatstone Prof., on crystals pro-
duced by electro-chemical action,
i. 412.
Whewell, Mr., his view of the

nebular hypothesis, i. 40.
Whitby, ammonites from, i. 256.
Wielieska, salt in tertiary formation,
i. 63.

Winds, effect in causing undula-
tions during the formation of
stone in Portland, i. 371; effect
in forming strata in Bermudas
and in Cornwall, i. 154.
Witham, Mr., his publications on
fossil coniferæ, i. 363, 364, 366.
Worm holes, fossil, i. 198.

Yarrell, Mr., on the vision of birds,
i. 136.

Zamia pungens, mode of inflores-
cence, i. 371.

Zamia spiralis, buds on trunk of, i.
375.

Zamia horrida, section of trunk of,
i. 373.

Zeiten, M., his description of fossil
pens and ink bags in Wirtem-
berg, i. 233.
Zoology, study of, indispensable to
geology, i. 92.