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Backeberg, coal in oolite formation
at, i. 79, 369.
Buckingham, Duke of, plesiosaurus
in his collection, i. 158.
Buddle, Mr., his observations on
utility of faults, i. 407; his de-
posite of plans and sections of
coal mines in the Museum at
Newcastle, ii. 104.

Cestracion Philippi, i 220; bony
spine of, i. 220.
Cetacea, remains of, in pliocene
strata, i. 79.

Chalmers, Dr., his views respect-
ing the Mosaic cosmogony, i. 26;
considerations of the geological
argument in behalf of a Deity,
i. 442, 443.

Bude, strata of drifted sand at, i. Chaos, word borrowed from the

104.

Buds petrified on trunks of cyca.
dites, i. 375.

Buenos Ayres, megatherium found
near, i. 114, 115.

Bufonites, teeth of pycnodonts, i.
214.

Burchell, Mr., his observations on

the scales of serpents, i. 205.
Burdie House, fossil fishes and
plants at, i. 210.

Burnet, his opinion on the mosaic
cosmogony, i. 18, 19.

CAITHNESS, fishes in slate of, i. 196.
Calamite, gigantic size and charac-
ter of, i. 346.
Calymene, i. 295.

Canstadt, Artesian wells at, i. 423.
Cardomom, fossil in 1. Sheppey,
i. 389.

Cardona, salt in cretaceous for-

mation near, i. 63.
Carnivora, numerous in pliocene
strata, i. 79.

Carnivorous races, benefit of to
herbivorous, i. 106, 108.
Causes, five, chiefly instrumental
in producing the actual condition
of the globe, i. 82.

Greeks, its meaning vague and
indefinite, i. 30.

Chambered shells, proofs of design
in, i. 235, 236; why particularly
selected, i. 236; delicate hy-
draulic instruments, i. 236; ex-
amples of retrocession in animal
structure, i. 237; genera of,
allied to nautilus and ammonite,
i. 273.

Chantrey, Sir Francis, drawing
made by, with fossil sepia, i. 231.
Cheropotamus, character and place
of, i. 71.

Chimera, fossil species discovered
by the Author, ii. 47.
Chirotherium, footsteps of in Sax-
ony, i. 201; described by Dr.
Hohnbaum and Prof. Kaup, i.
202; probably allied to marsu-
pialia, i. 202; accompanied by
other tracks, i. 203.
Chlamyphorus, habit and distribu-
tion of, 116; fore foot adapted
for digging, i. 123; armour of,
like that of the megatherium, i.
125, 127.

Cicero, his argument against the
Epicurean theory of atoms, i.

431.

Bonn, i. 382.

Cleremont, limestone of, loaded
with indusiæ, i. 98.
Cleveland, imperfect coal in oolite
formation of i. 66, 369.
Climate, heat of, indicated by fossil
plants and animals, i. 76; gra-
dually decreasing temperature
of, i. 79.

Caves, remains of animals found in, Cinnamomum, in brown coal near
i. 80.
Cephalopods, carnivorous, their use
in submarine economy, i. 228;
their extent in different forma-
tions, i. 228.
Central heat, theory of, consistent
with the phenomena of the sur-
face of the globe, i. 41.
Centrina vulgaris, horny dorsal
spines, i, 221.
Cestracionts, sub-family of sharks,
i. 218; extent of, i. 219; only
living representative of, i. 219.

Clio borealis, swarms of in North-
ern Ocean, i. 289, 290.
Closeburn, gigantic Orthoceratite
found at, i. 275.

Coal formation, Forster's section,
of, i. 58; iron ore and lime in, i.
59; its origin and importance to
man, i. 59.

Coal, proofs of its vegetable origin,
i. 342, 344; complex history of,
i. 363; stages in the production
and application of, i. 363; ter-
tiary brown coal or lignite, i.
381, et seq; proofs of design in
the dispositions of, i. 392; grand
supply from strata of the carbo-
niferous order, i. 393; physical
forces employed to render it ac-
cessible to man, i. 393, 395; ad-
vantage of its disposition in ba-
sins, 394; thickness of beds of,
i. 396; remarkable accumulation
of, i. 396; associated with iron
ore, i. 396, 397; adaptation to
purposes of human industry, i.
397, 398; inestimable importance
of, i. 400; mechanical power
derived from, i. 397, 400; im-
provident and gratuitous destruc-
tion of near Newcastle, i. 401;
early adaptation of to the uses
of man, i. 402.

Collini, pterodactyle figured by, i.
173.

Cololites, fossil intestines of fishes
discovered by Prof. Agassiz. i.
156; found by Lord Greenock
in coal, near Edinburgh, i. 155.
Comatula, habits of, and resem-
blance to pentacrinite, i, 315,
326.

Combe, definition of the term, ii. 106.
Conchifers, inferior to mollusks
that construct turbinated shells,
i. 225.

Conchology, important to geology,
i. 92.

Connecticut, fossil footsteps of
birds in, ii. 39.
Conybeare, Rev. W. D., his sec-
tions across England, i. 15; his
report on geology to British
Association, i. 49; his memoir
and map of Europe, i. 68; pros-
pective provisions for the benefit
of man, i. 84; selections from
his plates of ichthyosauri, i. 138,
139; his observations on the
lower jaw of ichthyosaurus, i.

139; on the articulation of the
vertebræ in ichthyosaurus, i. 141;
his remarks on the paddles of
ichthyosaurus, i. 144; his resto-
ration of plesiosaurus, i. 159; his
inferences concerning plesiosau-
rus, i. 164, 166; his observations
on faults, 405, 406.

Coniferæ, date of their commence-
ment, i. 367; microscopic struc-
ture of, i. 364; peculiarities in
structure of, i. 365 geological
extent of, i. 364, 367; fossil re-
ferable to existing genera, i. 366;
fossil stems in erect position, i.
367; wood of, perforated by te-
redines, i. 361.

Consolidation of strata, partly by
aqueous partly by igneous action,
i. 59.

Coprolites, description of, i. 148;
extensive occurrence of, i. 148;
found in skeletons of ichthyosau-
ri, i. 149; marks of mucous
membrane on, i. 152; formation
explained, note, 152; indicate
the food of ichthyosauri, and
character of their intestinal ca-
nal, i. 154; derived from fishes
in various formations, i. 155;
polished for ornamental pur-
poses, i. 155; conclusions from
discovery of, i. 157; in coal for-
mation near Edinburgh, i. 209;
preserved in body of macropoma,
i. 216.

Coral, secreted by polypes, i. 333;
reefs, i. 334; their influence in
the formation of strata, i. 335;
fossil, inference from their state,
i. 96; rag, extent of, in counties
of Oxon, Bucks, Wilts, and York-
shire, i. 335.
Corn-cockle muir, tracks of tortoises
at, i. 198.

Cornwall, amount of steam power
employed in, i. 400; invasions
of by drifted sand, i. 104; dis-
position of metallic veins in, i.
411.

Corydalis, wing of, found in iron
stone, of the coal formation, i.
309; ii. 77.
Cosmogony, Mosaic, the author's in-
terpretation of, i. 26.

Cotta on fossil arborescent ferns, i. Cuvier, his conclusion that organic
350.

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Craters, various phenomena of, ii. 8.
Creation, Mosaic account of, ac-
cords with natural phenomena, i.
21; origin of material elements
by, i. 81.

Creator, necessity of, shown by
geology, i. 54.

Crinoideans, geological importance

of, i. 314, 324; nature and cha-
racter of, i. 314; most remark-
able genera of, i. 315; living
species rare, i. 315; abundance
and importance of fossil species,
i. 315, 324; anatomical structure
of, i. 316; reproductive powers
of, i. 317; early extinction of
many species and genera, i. 324.
Crocodileans, fossil forms of, i. 191;

slender character of snout, i. 192;
habit probably piscivorous, i. 192.
Crocodiles, modern, habits of, i.
192; gavial, gangetic, piscivo-
rous, i. 192; functions of fossil
species, i. 192; Cuvier's obser-
vations on, i. 193; number of
living and fossil species of, i. 193;
dentition, provisions in mode of,
i. 194; fossil forms of, at vari-
ance with all theories of gradual
transmutation or developement,
i. 195.

Crustaceans, extent of fossil re-
mains of, i. 292.

Crystalline rocks, influenced by
chemical and electro-magnetic
forces, i. 38; eight distinct vari-
eties of, i. 39; their position be-
neath stratified rocks, i. 42; pro-
bable igneous origin of, i. 40;
gradations in character of, i. 41;
proofs of intention in phenomena.
of, i. 44; proofs of design afford-
ed by, i. 428.
Crystals, definite forms and compo-

sition of, i. 428, 430; component
molecules of, i. 428, 430.
Ctenoidean order of fishes, i. 206.
Curculionidae in iron stone of Coal-
brook Dale, i. 309.
Cuttle fish, structure and habits of,

i. 230; internal ink bag of, i. 231.

life has not existed from eternity,

i. 54; his account of the basin of
Paris, i. 67; his account of dis-
coveries at Mont Martre, i. 72;
consigns his materials for a work
on fossil fishes to M. Agassiz, i.
156, 204; his conjecture con-
cerning plesiosaurus, i. 162; had
observed nearly 8,000 species of
living fishes, i. 263; perfection
of his reasoning on contrivances
and compensations in the struc-
ture of animals, i. 113.
Cycadex, abundant in strata of the
secondary series, i. 368, 369;
number and extent of recent and
fossil species, i. 369; leaves fos-
sil in oolite of Yorkshire and at
Stonesfield, i. 370; in coal for-
mation of Bohemia, i. 369; habit
and structure of, i. 370; interme-
diate character of, i. 370; fossil
on the coast of Dorset, i. 371;
peculiarities in structure of trunk
of, i. 371, 372; mode of increase
by buds, i. 375; link supplied by
the discovery of, i. 377.
Cycadites, once natives of England,
i. 371; microphyllus, microscopic
structure of, 373, 376; megalo-
phyllus, buds in axillæ of scales,
i. 375; resemblance of fossil and
living species, i. 376.

Cycas revoluta, buds on trunk of, i.

375; circinalis, height of, i. 371.
Cycloidean order of fishes, i. 206.
Cypris, microscopic shells of, in

Wealden formation, i. 97; in coal
formation near Edinburgh, i. 209.

DAPEDIUM, Scales of, i. 215.
D'Alton, his figures of megatherium,
i. 114.

Darmstadt, remains of mammalia in
museum at, i. 79.
Darwin, Mr. C., megatherium found
by, ii. 20; his observations on the
Cordilleras of Chili, i. 410, 411.
Daubeny, Dr., on cause of thermal

springs, is 425; on indivisibility
of ultimate particles of matter, i.

429.

Days, supposed to imply long pe-
riods, i. 24.

Dax, shells found at, i. 270.
Death, sudden, desirable for irra-
tional animals, i. 106.
Dekay, Dr., discovered coprolites
in New Jersey, i. 149.
De la Beche, his belief in succes-
sive creations of new species, i.
51; his figures of ichthyosauri, i.
138, 139; on different specific
gravity of shells, i. 229; observa-
tions on living polypes of caryo-
phyllia, 334, 335; observations on
genera of corals in transition
rocks, i. 335.
Deluge, mosaic stratified rocks not
produced by, i. 23.

Depression, proofs of in 1. Portland,
i. 372.

Deshayes, his division of tertiary
strata, i. 68.

Desnoyers, M., on Faluns of Tour-
raine, i. 78.
Desmarets, memoir on fossil crusta-
ceans, i. 393.

Detritus, origin of strata from, i. 42.
Developement, theory of disproved
by geological phenomena, i. 51;
theory of opposed by Cuvier, i.
75; definition of, i. 435, 436.
Dikes, intersect strata of every age,
i. 46; gradations of from lava to
granite, i. 47; various crystalline
rocks composing, ii. 5; changes
produced by, on adjacent rocks,
ii. 9.

Dillwyn, Mr., his paper on tracheli-
pods, 226, 228.
Diluvium, animals immediately pre-
ceding the farmation of, i. 81.
Dinotherium, largest of terrestrial
mammalia, i. 79, 109; found at
Epplesheim, in miocene strata, i.
110; description of by Kaup, i.
110; occurs in France, Bavaria
and Austria, i. 110; molar teeth
of like tapirs, i. 110; giganteum,
eighteen feet long, i. 110; shoul-
der blade of, like that of a mole,
i. 110; uses of tusks in the lower
jaw of, i. 111, 112; molar teeth
of resemble those of tapirs, i.
111; an aquatic herbivorous ani-
mal, i. 111, 112; adapted to a
lacustrine condition of the earth,
i. 112; localities and description

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Dirt bed, soil of subterraneous fo-
rest in Portland, i. 372.
Disturbing forces, beneficial results
of, i. 403, 404, 409.
D'Orbigny, M. his classification of
cephalopodous mollusks, i. 288;
trilobites and shells found in the
Andes by, i. 294.

Draco volans, has no true wings, i.
174, 175.

Dufrénoy, on iron mines in the Pyre-
nees, i. 410.
Dujardin, new class of rhizopodes
discovered by, ii. 64.

Dumfries, fossil footsteps near, i.
259.

Duncan, Dr., his discovery of fossil
footsteps near Dumfries, i. 198.
Durdham Down, remains of reptiles
at, i. 95.

Durham, salt springs in coal forma-
tion near, i. 63.
Dynamics, geological, extent of, i.
38.

EARTH, distribution of the materials
of, i. 16; theory of, much ad-
vanced, but not yet perfect, i. 20;
two distinct branches of its his
tory, i. 36; originally fluid from
heat, i. 40; advantageous dispo-
sitions of its materials, i. 83.
Earthquakes, beneficial agency of
in the economy of the globe, i.

404.
Echidna, has furcula and clavicles
like ornithorhynchus, i. 143.
Echinidans, geological extent of, i.
312, 313.

Egerton, Sir Philip, his discoveries

near Newcastle-under-Line, i.
210; on mechanism of atlas and
cervical vertebræ of ichthyosau-
rus, ii. 24-26.

Eggs, fossil, of aquatic birds, i. 74.
Elements, identity and functions of,
i. 38; proofs of design in, i. 426;
ever regulated by same laws, i.
430; primordial adaptations of, i.
430; adaptation of to vegetables
and animals, i. 431.
Elevation, general history of, ii. 4;

dry lands formed by, i. 43; proofs
of in I. Portland, i. 371, 372.
Elevations, number observed by
Elie de Beaumont, ii. 6; various
periods of, ii. 6.
Ellis, Mr., his conclusions from the
study of corallines, i. 338.
Emys, fossil, localities of, i. 197.
Encrinites moniliformis, lily encri-

nite, i, 317, 318; mechanical adap-
tations in, i. 317; number of com-
ponent ossicula, i. 318; vertebral
column, mechanical contrivances
in, i. 318-320; body and upper
extremities, i. 322; physiological
history of, i. 324, 325.
Endogenites echinatus, fossil trunk

allied to palms, i. 386, 387.
Engi in Glaris, fishes of, i. 216.
England, effects of geological struc.
ture on inhabitants of, ii. 3.
Enjoyment, aggregate of increased

by existence of carnivora, i. 105,
106.

Enstone, cetacea in oolite at, i. 96.
Entomolithus paradoxus, i. 295.
Entomostracans, fossil, i. 295.
Entrochi, or wheel stones, colum-
nar joints of encrinite, i. 320.
Eocene, division of tertiary strata,
i. 68.

Equisetacex, extent of the family
of, i. 346; fossil genera of, i.
346; increased enlargement in
size of, i. 347; fossil species in
coal formation, i. 347.
Equivocal generation, disproved in
case of infusoria, i. 336, 337.
Ernouf, General, his account of hu.
man skeletons at Guadaloupe, i.
87.
Estuaries, admixture of fresh water

and marine exuviæ in, i. 99.
Eternal succession, theory of, dis-
proved by geology, i. 51, 54.
Eternity of the world, disproved by
geology,
i. 20.

Eyes, fossil, resembling those of
existing animals, i. 34; fossil re.
mains of, i. 34, 136, 299, 303;
structure of, in recent crustaceans
allied to trilobites, i. 301; physio-
logical and physical inferences
from structure of, i. 302, 303.

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Faults, on geometrical laws of, i.
404; utility of, in draining coal-
mines, i. 405-407; definition of,
by Mr. Conybeare, i. 405, 406;
utility of, in guarding coal-mines,
i. 408; utility of, in producing
springs, i. 407, 418, 425; utility
of, in primary rocks and metallic
veins, i. 407, 408.

Favularia, character of, i. 357.
Ferns, distribution and number of
existing species, i. 347, 348; pro-
portion of, to living phaneroga-
miæ, i. 348; temperature indi-
cated by fossil species, i. 348;
proportions of in the coal forma-
tion, i. 349; living and fossil
arborescent species of, i. 349,
350; proportions of, in secondary
and tertiary strata, i. 350.
Final causes, consideration of, ad-
missible in philosophical investi-
gations, i. 409.

Fire, its rank in geological dyna-
mics, i. 58.

Fisher, Mr., figures prepared by,

ii. 2.

Fishes, fossil, causes of sudden death
of, i. 100, 101; sudden destruc-
tion of in lias formation, 102;
fossil intestinal structure of, i.
154, 155; coprolites derived from,
i. 154, 155; petrified intestines
of, or cololites, i 156; living
species observed by Cuvier, i.
203; fossil species, history of by
Agassiz, i. 202, 204; numbers of
fossil genera and species, i. 204;
classification founded on scales,
i. 204, 205; orders of established
by Agassiz, i. 205, 206; geologi-
cal results derived from fossil
fishes, i. 206; changes in fossil
genera and families abrupt, i. 207;
fossil, most important to geology,
i. 204, 208; sauroid, character

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