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country of the Carolinas and Georgia; but New-Jersey and New England have hitherto paid moft attention to this drink. An exquifite brandy is diftilled from the extenfive peach orchards, which grow upon the numerous rivers of the Chesapeak, and in parts of Pennfyl. vania, and may be made in the greater part of the country.

Silk has been attempted with fuccefs in the southernmost States, fo far as due attention was paid to it; but is not well fited to the nature of their labourers, who, being blacks, are not careful or skilful; and there are many other objects of more importance and profit in the agriculture of thofe fertile States. In Connecticut, where there is a fenfible and careful white population, and where land is comparatively scarce and dear, it is found to be practicable and beneficial. A project to extend the white Italian mulberry tree over all the States has been formed, by fome perfevering individuals acquainted with the propagation of them. A great part of Connecticut is already fupplied. An extenfive nursery has been established near Philadelphia; another at Princeton in New-Jersey; and two more are at this time commenced on New-York and Long-Islands.

Rye is produced generally through all the States north of the Carolinas, and in the western parts of the three fouthern States. But the detail of American productions, and the parts in which they moft abound, would be very long. It will therefore be sufficient to say, that in addition to the above capital articles, the United States produce or contain, flax-feed, fpelts, lime-ftone, alum, faltpetre, lead, copper, coal, free-stone, marble, stone for wares, potters' clay, brick clay, a variety of fhip-timber, shingles, holly, beech, poplar, curled maple, black walnut, wild cherry, and other woods fuitable for ca. binet-makers, fhingles of cedar and cyprefs, myrtle-wax, bees-wax, butter, tallow, hides, leather, tanners' bark, maple fugar, hops, mustard feed, potatoes, and all the other principal vegetables; apples, and all the other principal fruits; clover, and all the other principal graffes. On the fubject of their productions it is only neceffary to add, that they must be numerous, diverfified, and extremely valuable, as the various parts of their country lie in the fame latitude as Spain, Portugal, the middle and fouthern provinces of France, the fertile island of Sicily, and the greater part of Italy, European and Afiatic Turkey, and the kingdom of China, which maintains by its own agriculture more people than any coutry in the world befide.

From these few obfervations we may form fome idea of the advantages which the United States poffefs over moft European countries in these respects; it may be truly faid, that there is not a luxury of nature but their foil is capable of yielding, and which the climate in one part or other of their territory would not bring to perfection. They can cultivate with ease every raw material for different manufactures which the furface of the earth yields, and its bowels yield them every neceffary metal and foffil.

Connected with this, we may mention another advantage which the States poffefs; this is the eafe with which the produce of one State may be conveyed, by water, to another, with a very trivial addition of expenfe. There is in this refpect a striking difference between the navigable waters of the United States and those of any country in the old world. The Elbe is the only river in Europe which will permit a fea veffel to fail up it for fo great a length as feventy miles. The Hudfon's, or North river, between the States of New-York and New-Jersey, is navigated by sea veffels one hundred and eighty miles from the ocean; the Delaware, between Pennfylvania, New-Jersey, and the Delaware State, one hundred and fixty miles; the Potomack, between Virginia and Maryland, three hundred miles; and there are feveral other rivers, bays, and founds, of extenfive navigation, far exceeding the great river Elbe. The inland boatable waters and lakes are equally numerous and great.

When we confider thefe, and extend our ideas to the different canals already formed, and ftill forming, by which the most important rivers are, or will be united, we may venture to affert, that no country in Europe does, or poffibly can poffefs fo completely the advantages of inland navigation; by this the extremes of the confederacy will become intimately united and acquainted with each other, and each State will reap from the produce of the whole nearly the fame advantage as though it poffeffed every refource within itself; indeed, no doubt can by a reflecting mind be entertained, but that the time is near when a communication by water will be opened with every part of the Union.

In a country thus circumftanced, producing the great raw materials for manufactures, and poffeffing unlimited powers, by water and refources of fuel, fubject alfo to heavy charges upon the importation of foreign fabrics, to neglect manufactures would have been almost criminal. Thefe important ideas have taken full poffeffion of the American mind. The theory is now every where approved; and in New

New-England, Pennsylvania, and several other States, the practice has been taken up with confiderable spirit and very extenfively pursued.

Thefe are but a few of the advantages America poffeffes over the different nations in Europe, but they are fuch as have laid the foundation of her prefent, and which infure her future profperity.

We fhall now proceed to state as briefly as poffible the prospects and advantages which the European settler has almost the certainty of realizing.

OF

OF THE

PROSPECTS AND ADVANTAGES

OF AN

EUROPEAN SETTLER

BEFORE

IN THE UNITED STATES.

EFORE we enter on this part of the work, we wish to premise to the reader that we shall proceed with caution. The numbers that have emigrated to America from this country have already awakened the fears of fome, and the envy of others; and fome who appear confcious of the confequences that must follow from a spirit of emigration, have thought it their duty to step forward, and by magnifying trifling difficulties into infurmountable obftacles, attempt to put a stop to a system, which, though its effects are flow, are not the lefs fure in weakening the strength and refources of the European counties. Hence flight skirmishes with the Indians have been magnified to the moft tremendous battles. The refiftance of a small portion of perfons to the levying of a tax in one or two States has been worked up to a univerfal rebellion throughout the Union. A fever raging at Philadelphia for a fhort period, and which is now admitted to have originated in the exposure of damaged coffee, has been held forth as a proof of an unhealthy climate throughout the States; and the intemperate zeal of a few individuals has been considered a fufficient proof that the whole body of Americans are averfe to the prudent and temperate conduct of their government. The impreffions made on the public mind by these means have received additional strength from a few individuals, who, like the spies fent to view the land of Canaan, have, through idleness, or attachment to European diffipation, caft away the clusters of grapes, and returned with an evil re

port

port of the land. If we credit thofe, the United States are ruined--trade is bad---every thing is dear--all is confufion---the people flaves --and the United States unable to furnish employment or fupport to those who wish there to take up their refidence. These, and almost ten thousand other evils are conveyed to us through the medium of letters inferted in the daily papers dated from different parts of America, but which carry with them internal evidence of being the production of hireling fcribblers, employed for the purpose of milleading the unthinking mind.

In order therefore to follow this fubject through all its connec tions, and to fet the profpects of an European fettier in a clear point. of view, it will be neceffary to proceed in the inquiry under fome kind of fyftem, that its different parts may stand clear and distinct, and yet form one connected whole. As an introductory part it may therefore be neceffary to rectify fome miftaken notions of Europeans refpecting the American States.

MISTAKEN NOTIONS OF EUROPEANS.

Many perfons in Europe appear to have formed mistaken ideas and expectations of what is to be obtained in America; it may therefore be useful, and prevent inconvenient, expenfive, and fruitless removals and voyages of improper perfons, to give fome clear and truer notions of that part of the world than appear to have hitherto prevailed.

It is imagined by numbers, that the inhabitants of North-America are rich, capable of rewarding, and difpofed to reward all forts of ingenuity; that they are at the fame time in a great degree ignorant of all the fciences; and confequently that ftrangers poffeffing talents in the belles lettres, fine arts, &c. must be highly efteemed, and fo well paid as to become eatily rich themselves; that there are also abundance of profitable offices to be difpofed of, which the natives are not qualified to fill; and that having few perfons of family among them, firangers of birth must be greatly refpected, and of course easily obtain the best of thofe offices, which will make all their fortunes ; that the governments too, to encourage emigrations from Europe, not only often pay the expenfe of perfonal tranfportation, but give lands gratis to ftrangers, with negroes to work for them, utenfils of husbandry, and stocks of cattle. These are, in the general, wild ima ginations; and thofe who go to America with expectations founded upon them, will furely find themselves disappointed.

The

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