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quantities of black walnut, mulberry, &c. This fucceffion of different foils continues uniform and regular, though there are fome large veins of all the different foils intermixed; and what is more remarkable, this fucceffion, in the order mentioned, ftretches across this State nearly parallel with the sea coaft, and extends through the feveral States nearly in the fame direction, to the banks of Hudson river. In this State are produced, by culture, rice, indigo, cotton, filk, (though not in large quantities) Indian corn, potatoes, oranges, figs, pomegranates, &c. Rice, at prefent, is the ftaple commodity; and as a finall proportion only of the rice ground is under cultivation, the quantity raised in future must be much greater than at prefent. But the rapid increase of the inhabitants, chiefly by emigrations, whofe attention is turned to the raifing of tobacco, and the aft extent of land, with a richness of foil fuited to the culture of that plant, renders it probable, that tobacco will fhortly become the staple of this State. Cotton was formerly planted only by the poorer clafs of people, and that only for family ufe. They planted of twó kinds, the annual and the Weft-Indian; the former is low and planted every year; the balls of which are very large, and the phlox. long, strong, and perfectly white. The latter is a tall perennial plant, the stalk somewhat shrubby, several of which rife up from the root for feveral years fucceffively, the stems of the former year being killed by the winter frofts. The balls of West-India cotton are not quite fo large as the other, but the phlox or wool is long, extremely fine, filky and white. A plantation of this kind will last several years with moderate labour and care. The culture of cotton is now much more attended to; feveral indigo planters have converted their plantations into cotton fields. The tobacco lands are equally well adapted to wheat, which may hereafter make an important article of commerce.

On the dry plains grow large crops of fweet potatoes, which are found to afford a wholefome nourishment, and from which is made, by distillation, a kind of whisky, tolerably good, but inferior to that made of rye. It is by properly macerating and washing this root that a fediment or starch is made, which has obtained the name of fago, and answers all the purposes of the Indian fago.

Moft of the tropical fruits would flourish in this State with proper attention. The rice plant has been transplanted, and alfo the tea plant, of which fuch immenfe quantities are confumed in the United States, was introduced into Georgia by Mr. Samuel Bowen, about

the

the year 1770, from India. The feed was diffeminated, and the plant now grows, without cultivation, in most of the fenced lots in Savannah.

From many confiderations we may, perhaps, venture to predict, that the fouth-western part of the State, and the parts of Eaft and Weft-Florida, which lie adjoining, will, in fome future time, be come the vineyard of America.

REMARKABLE SPRING.

In the county of Wilkes, within a mile and a half of the town of Washington, is a medicinal fpring, which rifes from a hollow tree, four or five feet in length. The infide of the tree is covered with a coat of matter, an inch thick, and the leaves around the spring are incrufted with a substance as white as fnow. It is faid to be a fovereign remedy for the fcurvy, fcrophulous disorders, confumptions, gouts, and every other difeafe arifing from humours in the blood. A perfon, who had a fevere rheumatism in his right arm, having, in the space of ten minutes, drank two quarts of the water, experienced a momentary chill, and was then thrown into a perspi ration, which, in a few hours, left him entirely free from pain, and in perfect health.

This fpring, fituated in a fine healthy part of the State, in the neighbourhood of Washington, where are excellent accommodations, will no doubt prove a pleasant and falutary place of resort for inva lids from the maritime and unhealthy parts of this and the neighbouring States.

CIVIL DIVISION S.

Before the revolution, Georgia, like the other fouthern States, was divided into parishes, but this mode of divifion is now abolished, and that of counties has fucceeded it.

That part of the State which is laid out, is divided into three dif tricts, which are fubdivided into eleven counties, as follows:

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The chief towns are, St. Patrick's, Brunfwick, Sunbury, Savannah, Ebenezer, Augufta, Waynesborough, Louisville, Golphinton, Washington, Greensburgh.

AUGUSTA.

The prefent feat of government in this State is Augufta. It is fituated on the south-west bank of Savannah river, which is here about five hundred yards wide, about one hundred and forty-four miles from the fea, and one hundred and twenty-feven north-west of Savannah. The town, which in 1782 contained but three or fou houses, in 1787 contained two hundred; it is on a finè large plain, at the foot of the first falls in the river, which in a dry season are four or five feet in height; and as it enjoys the beft foil, and the advantage of a central fituation between the upper and lower counties, is rifing faft into importance. In the vicinity of this town is the remarkable large bank of oyster fhells which we have had occafion before to notice.

SAVANNAH.

Savannah, the former capital of Georgia, ftands on a high fandy bluff, on the fouth fide of the river of the fame name, and seventeen miles from its mouth. The town is regularly built in the form of a parallelogram, and, including its fuburbs, contained, in 1787, two hundred and twenty-feven dwelling houfes, one Epifcopal church, a Presbyterian church, a Synagogue, and a court houfe. The number of its inhabitants, exclufive of the blacks, amounted at that time to about eight hundred and thirty, feventy of whom were Jews.

In Savannah, and within a circumference of about ten miles from it, there were, in the fummer of 1787, about two thousand thres hundred inhabitants. Of these one hundred and ninety-two were above fifty years of age, and all in good health. The ages of a lady and her fix children, then living in the town, amounted to three hundred and eighty-five years. This computation, which was

actually

actually made, ferves to fhew that Savannah is not really fo unheal shy as has been commonly reprefented.

SUNBURY.

Sunbury is a fea port town, beautifully fituated on the main between Medway and Newport rivers, about fifteen miles fouth of Great Ogeechee river; it is favoured with a fafe, capacious, and very convenient harbour, defended from the fury of the seas by the north and fouth points of St. Helena, and South Catherine's islands, between which is the bar and entrance into the found. Several small iflands intervene, and partly obstruct a distant view of the ocean; and, interlocking with each other, render the paffage out to fea winding, but not difficult. It is a very pleafant, healthy town, and is the refort of the planters from the adjacent places of Medway and Newport, during the fickly months. It was burnt by the British in the late war, but has fince been rebuilt. An academy was established here in 1788, which, under an able inftructor, has proved a very ufeful inftitution.

BRUNSWICK.

Brunswick, in Glynn county, latitude 31° 10', is fituated at the mouth of Turtle river, at which place this river empties itself into St. Simon's found. Brunswick has a fafe and capacious harbour; and the bar, at the entrance into it, has water deep enough for the largest veffels that fwim. The town is regularly laid out, but not yet built. From its advantageous fituation, and from the fertility of the back country, it promifes to be hereafter one of the first trading towns in Georgia.

FREDERICA.

Frederica, on the ifland of St. Simon, is nearly in latitude 31° 15′3 it is one of the oldest towns in Georgia, and was founded by General Oglethorpe. The fortrefs was regular and beautiful, conftructed chiefly with brick, but is now in ruins. The town contains but few houfes, which stand on an eminence, if considered with regard to the marshes before it, upon a branch of Alatamaha river, which washes the weft fide of this agreeable ifland, and forms a bay before the town, affording a fafe and fecure harbour for veffels of the largest burthens, which may lie along the wharf.

WASH

WASHINGTON.

Washington, the chief town in the county of Wilts, is fituated in latitude 33° 22′, about fifty miles north-west of Augufta; it had, in 1788, a court house, gaol, thirty-four dwelling houses, and an academy, whofe funds amounted to about eight hundred pounds fterling, and he number of ftudents to between fixty and seventy.

LOUISVILLE.

The town of Louifville, which is defigned as the future feat of government in this State, has been laid out on the bank of Ogeechee river, about feventy miles from its mouth, but is not yet built.

POPULATION.

The population of this State in 1791 was as follows:

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