George II. From this period to the revolution in 1776, the history of North-Carolina is unpublished, and of course, in a great measure, unknown, except to those who have had access to the records of the province. Some of the most important events that have fince taken place, have, however, been already mentioned in the general history of the United States. South-Carolina, from the period of its becoming a feparate colony, began to flourish. It was protected by a government, formed on the plan of the English conftitution. Under the fostering care of the Mother Country, its growth was aftonishingly rapid. Between the years 1763 and 1775, the number of inhabitants was more than doubled. No one indulged a wifh for a change in their political conftitution, till the memorable stamp act paffed in 1765. From this period till 1775, as we have seen, various attempts were made by Great-Britain to tax her colonies, without their confent; these attempts were invariably oppofed. The Congress, who met at Philadelphia, unanimously approved the oppofition, and on the 19th of April war commenced. During the vigorous conteft for independence this State, was a great fufferer. For three years it was the feat of war. It feels and laments the lofs of many refpectable citizens, who fell in the glorious struggle for the rights of man. Since the peace, it has been emerging from that melancholy confufion and poverty, in which it was generally involved by the devastations of a relentless enemy. The inhabitants are faft multiplying by emigrations from other States; the agricultural interests of the State are reviving; commerce is flourishing; economy is becoming more fashionable; and science begins to spread her falutary influences amongst the citizens. And under the operation of the prefent government, this State, from her natural, commercial and agricultural advantages, and the abilities of her leading characters, promifes to become one of the richeft in the Union.* TERRITORY S. OF THE OHIO. The eastern parts of this district were explored by Colonels Wood, Patton, Buchanan, Captain Charles Campbell and Dr. T. Walker, each of whom were concerned in large grants of lands from the go. *See Ramfay's Hiftory of the Revolution in South-Carolina, and the History of Carolina and Georgia, anonymous, fuppofed to be by Hewett. - VOL. III. E vernment, vernment, as early as between the years of 1740 and 1750. In 17549 at the commencement of the French war, not more than fifty families had fettled here, who were either destroyed or driven off by the Indians before the close of the following year. It remained uninhabited till 1765, when the fettlement of it re-commenced; and, in 1773, fuch was the vast acceffion of emigrants, that the country, as far weft as the long island of Holstein, an extent of more than one hundred and twenty miles in length from east to west, was well peopled. In 1774, a war broke out with the northern Indians over the Ohio, which issued in their fuing for peace, which was granted them on eafy terms. The year 1776 was fignalised by a formidable invafion of the Cherokees, contrived by the British fuperintendant, Mr. Steuart. Their intention was to depopulate the country as far as the Kanhawa, because this brave people had rejected, with a noble firmness and indignation, the proposals of Henry Steuart and Alexander Camerfon for joining the British standard, and were almost unanimous in their refolution to fupport the measures of Congrefs. This invafion terminated in a total defeat of the Indians. In 1780, the Tories of the western parts of North Carolina and Virginia, emboldened by the reduction of Charleston by the British, embodied in armed parties, and proceeded towards the lead mines on the Kanhawa, to take poffeffion of fome lead ftores at that place, but were defeated in their attempt by the vigilance of Colonel A. Campbell and Colonel Chockett. Various other movements took place in the courfe of this year, but the most interesting and brilliant was the battle of King's mountain, which was fought and won by about nine hundred mountaineers, as the veteran fons of this district were called, commanded by the brave General William Campbell, against a party of the British under the command of Colonel Fergufon. Upwards of one thousand one hundred of the enemy were either killed, wounded, or taken; among the former was Colonel Ferguson, an officer of diftinguished merit. In aroufing the inhabitants, iffuing orders, collecting the forces, and in arranging and animating the men, at the place of rendezvous, previous to this fuccefsful expedition, much * See Ramfay's Revol. South Carolina, vol. ii. page 181. was was done by the activity and decifion of Colonel Arthur Campbell, the fenior officer of the district, to whom much praise is due. Soon after this, to defeat a meditated invasion of the Cherokee Indian, which was difcovered by NANCY WARD, an Indian woman, called, from this circumftance, the wettern Pocahonta, Colonel A. Campbell, with feven hundred mountaineers, well mounted, penetrated far into the Cherokee country, introduced the new and fuc cefsful mode of fighting Indians on horfeback, accomplished his defigns, and returned in January, 1781. In the celebrated battle at Guildford, March 15, 1781, the mountaineers, under General W. Campbell, who on that day commanded with great applaufe the left wing of the army, behaved with their ufual gallantry. This nearly clofed the active part which the moun tain men took in the American war. In 1782, the legislature of North-Carolina appointed commiffioners to explore the western part of the State, by which is meant the lands included in Davidson county, those between the fouth boundary of this county, and those between the rivers Miffiffippi and Tennessee, and their orders were to report to the fucceeding legisla ture, which part was best for the payment of the bounty promised to the officers and foldiers of the continental line of that State; and they accordingly did explore the before-described tract of country, and reported to the legislature in the spring of the year 1783. A few families had settled in this country in the year 1780, under the guidance of Colonel James Kobertfon, on Cumberland river, and called the place Nashville, in honour of Brigadier-general Francis Nash, who fell at German town in the year 1777; but their numbers were trivial until the year 1783, after the peace had taken place, and after an act had paffed, directing the military or bounty warrants of the officers and foldiers to be located in this county. Thefe circum. ftances induced many officers and foldiers to repair immediately thither, to fecure and fettle their lands; and fuch as did not chuse to go, fold their warrants to citizens who did go: in confequence of this, many people from almost every State in the Union became purchafers of these military warrants, and are fince become refidents of this county; and many valuable and opulent families have removed to it from the Natches. Colonel Robertfon, when he settled at Nashville, was upwards of two hundred miles diftant, to the westward, from any other fettlement in his own State, and was equally diftant from the then fettled parts of Kentucky. E 2 Hence it will readily readily be fuppofed, that himself and party were in danger every hour of being cut off by the Indians, against whom his principal se curity was, that he was as far diftant from them as from the white people; and flender as this fecurity may appear, his party never fuftained from them any damage, but what was done by parties of hunters, who happened to find out his settlement. In 1785, in conformity to the refolves of Congress of April 23, 1784, the inhabitants of this district effayed to form themfelves into a body politic, by the name of the "State of Frankland;" but, differing among themselves as to the form of government, and about other matters, in the issue of which some blood was shed, and being oppofed by fome leading characters in the eastern parts, the fcheme was given up, and the inhabitants remained in general peaceable until 1790, when Congress established their prefent government. Since this period, fome late incurfions of the Indians excepted, the inhas bitants have been peaceable and profperous. GEORGIA. The fettlement of a colony between the rivers Savannah and Alatamaha was meditated in England in 1732, for the accommodation of poor people in Great-Britain and Ireland, and for the farther fecurity of Carolina. Private compaffion and public fpirit conspired to promote the benevolent defign. Humane and opulent men fuggefted a plan of tranfporting a number of indigent families to this part of America, free of expenfe. For this purpose they applied to the King, George the Second, and obtained from him letters patent, bearing date June 9, 1732, for legally carrying into execution what they had generously projected. They called the new province Georgia, in honour of the King, who encouraged the plan. A corporation, confifting of twenty-one perfons, was constituted by the name of the truftees for fettling and establishing the colony of Georgia, which was feparated from Carolina by the river Savannah. The trustees having first fet an example themfelves, by largely contributing to the fcheme, undertook alfo to folicit benefactions from others, and to apply the money towards clothing, arming, purchafing utenfils for cultivation, and tranfporting such poor people as fhould confent to go over and begin a fettlement. They did not confine their charitable views to the fubjects of Britain alone, but wifely opened a door for the indigent and oppreffed Proteftants of other other nations. To prevent a mifapplication of the money, it was depofited in the Bank of England. About the middle of July, 1732, the trustees for Georgia held their first meeting, and chofe Lord Percival prefident of the corporation, and ordered a common feal to be made. In November following, one hundred and fixteen fettlers embarked for Georgia, to be conveyed thither free of expenfe, furnished with every thing requifite for building and for cultivating the foil. James Oglethorpe, one of the trustees, and an active promoter of the fettlement, embarked as the head and director of these settlers. They arrived -at Charleston early in the next year, where they met with a friendly -reception from the governor and council. Mr. Oglethorpe, accompanied by William Bull, fhortly after his arrival visited Georgia, and after reconnoitring the country, marked the spot on which Savannah now ftands, as the fittest to begin a fettlement. Here they accordingly began and built a fmall fort, and a number of small huts for their defence and accommodation. Such of the fettlers as were able to bear arms were embodied, and well appointed with officers, arins,. and ammunition. A treaty of friendship was concluded between the fettlers and their neighbours, and the Creek Indians, and every thing wore the afpect of peace and future profperity. In the mean time the trustees of Georgia had been employed in framing a plan of fettlement, and establishing such public regulations as they judged moft proper for answering the great end of the corporation. In the general plan they confidered each inhabitant both as a planter and as a foldier, who must be provided with arms and ammunition for defence, as well as with tools and utenfils for cultivation. As the strength of the province was the object in view, they agreed to establish fuch tenures for holding lands in it, as they judged most favourable for military establishment. Each tract of land granted was confidered as a military fief, for which the poffeffor was to appear in arms, and take the field, when called upon for the public defence. To prevent large tracts from falling, in process of time, to one perfon, they agreed to grant their lands in tail male, in preference to tail general. On the termination of the estate in tail male, the lands were to revert to the truft; and fuch lands thus reverting were to be granted again to fuch perfons, as the common council of the trust should judge most advantageous for the colony; only the trustees in fuch a cafe were to pay special regard to the daughters of fuch perfons as had made improvements on their lots, especially |