much more difficult to do this. As to post-graduate study and research, the report informs us that the nominations and applications for scholarships and fellowships are to be referred to an Advisory Board, consisting of the chairman, the four representatives of the Universities, and three other members of the Trust. This seems as satisfactory an arrangement as can be made in the circumstances. The fees paid during the year ending December 31, 1902, amount to over £40,000; and the amount paid for the present winter session exceeds that for the previous winter session by about £5,300. "This increase is in the main due partly to an increase in the number of beneficiaries, partly to an increase in the average amount of fees paid per student." The increase in the number of beneficiaries seems due not so much to an increase in the number of students attending the Universities as to an increase in the proportion of those who apply for the benefits of the Trust. The average amount of fees paid per student has slightly increased. The Trust has drawn up regulations regarding the payment of fees, with the object of preventing abuse of the benefaction. "These regulations demand that each beneficiary (1) must send in a report of his work at the close of the session; (2) must refund the fee of any class in which he has failed to obtain a satisfactory certificate; (3) must pass the ordinary examinations of the University within a reasonable time; and (4) must, in applying for the payment of a fee of attendance upon a second course of lectures on the same subject, other than an honours course, state his reason for requiring such re-attendance." It is interesting also to note that during the year 1902 eight students have voluntarily refunded the fees paid for them by the Trust.

Prof. Laurie has intimated his intention to resign the Chair of Education in the University of Edinburgh. He was appointed to the Chair on its foundation in 1876, and he has given splendid service to his University and to education in Scotland. His old pupils and friends will hear with great regret of his retirement. Prof. Flint also intends to leave the Chair of Divinity at Edinburgh, which he has held since 1876. His great erudition has fully maintained the reputation of his University for learning, and no theologian in this country is better known throughout the world. Prof. Flint has long desired to devote himself more fully to writing, and there is every reason to hope that both from him and from Prof. Laurie we may have valuable works in theology and philosophy. Apart from this, their resignation means a very great loss to the University of Edinburgh.

Mr. Bernard Bosanquet, LL.D., formerly Fellow of University College, Oxford, has been appointed to the Chair of Moral Philosophy at St. Andrews, vacant by the resignation of Prof. Knight. St. Andrews is to be congratulated on having secured the services of one of the greatest living authorities in philosophy. No more remarkable appointment of its kind has been made for many years. Mr. Bosanquet is best known by his works on logic, aesthetics, and political philosophy, and we shall doubtless, in course of time, have from his pen equally profound and illuminating studies in ethics.

The University Court of Aberdeen has appointed Mr. John Lees, M.A. (Edin.), to the new lectureship in German. Mr. Lees had a very distinguished career in classics and modern languages at Edinburgh and Strasburg, and he has recently had considerable experience as a teacher in some of the best secondary schools in Scotland. Edinburgh University is about to confer upon him the degree of D.Litt.

In connexion with Glasgow University, a Local Committee for the training of teachers has just been instituted. The supply of trained teachers is very far from being sufficient, and the need of such a Committee for King's students, in addition to those already existing at Aberdeen and St. Andrews, is very great. It may be hoped also that this movement will tend to bring the Universities into closer connexion with the training of teachers in general.

In the Scottish Universities Act of 1889 it was suggested that there should be established a General University Court, or advisory body, representing the four Scottish Universities, and the Commissioners under the Act prepared a draft Ordinance instituting such a Court. The proposals of the Commissioners, however, met with so much opposition, especially from the larger Universities, that the draft Ordinance was withdrawn. But within recent years the need of some such body has been keenly felt. There is great dissatisfaction in all-the Universities with the present Arts Ordinances, and there have been many suggestions for reform. Both Edinburgh and Glasgow have prepared schemes; but it is impossible to do anything practically unless there is common action on the part of the four Universities. An attempt will be made in April to come to some common understanding by means of a conference of representatives from the four Arts Faculties, to be held at Edinburgh. But it is very doubtful whether this will result in any practical unity of action. It is now proposed by the University Court of St. Andrews that the draft Ordinance instituting a General University Court should be re-considered by the four Universities with the object of promoting jointly a new and modified Ordinance for the institution of some such body. It is much to be hoped that the movement will be successful, though its success hardly seems possible without some conference between representatives of the various administrative bodies in the four Universities.

The Report of the Royal Commission on Physical Training in the

Scottish Universities and Schools has now been issued. Apart from general suggestions as to the need of such training, its definite recommendations are mainly these: (1) that a skilled committee should be appointed "to prepare, under the auspices of the Education Department, a model course for a national system of physical training for Scotland"; (2) that, while physical instruction in schools should be given by the ordinary teaching staff, some systematic training should be given to teachers, and their qualifications for physical instruction should be attested by a certificate issued by the Education Department, the obtaining of which should, in due time, be “an indispensable condition of recognition as teacher in any State-aided school"; (3) that "no training college should be recognized for assistance from the Parliamentary grant unless such systematic training forms a necessary part of its curriculum or unless other provision is made for its being given to the students of the college"; (4) that cadet corps and boys' brigades should be encouraged, not as military, but as educational, agencies, and should be assisted by the education authority out of the grant for education; (5) that "School Boards should have the command of medical advice and assistance in the supervision of schools, that a systematic record of physical and health statistics should be kept, and that a small number of medical and sanitary experts should be added to the inspecting staff of the Education Department"; and (6) that "for lads over school age continuation classes should be popularized by a larger introduction of physical exercises, and, if attendance at these classes be not made compulsory for lads between fourteen and eighteen, there should be at least power, in the case of proved vagrants, to issue compulsory attendance orders for a continuation school, with a penalty for breach of such order of committal to a reformatory."

Mr. Carnegie has shown his practical interest in physical training at the Universities by purchasing a field of over nine acres in extent for the use of the students of St. Andrews as a recreation ground.

IRELAND.

The most important event in education during the past month-the publication of the Report of the Royal Commission on University Education in Ireland-is noticed elsewhere. The day following the appearance of the Report the Board of Trinity College, Dublin, adopted and published a resolution stating that they considered "it would be most injurious to the interests of higher education in Ireland and to those of Trinity College that there should be incorporated in the University of Dublin a Roman Catholic or other denominational college, in which access to the teaching staff and governing body would depend, either in theory or in practice, not merely on literary and scientific attainments, but also on religious denomination." Having pointed out that they have, under the Act of 1873, done their utmost to remove all religious disqualifications, they add: "Whilst strongly opposed to the introduction into the University of Dublin of a college whose fundamental principles in this respect would differ from those of Trinity College, the Provost and Senior Fellows desire to express their readiness to provide facilities for the catechetical and religious instruction of Roman Catholic students by lectures, examinations, and the supervision of their religious observances by clergymen of their own Church."

That there is a party within the walls not so adverse to any proposal of affiliating a Roman Catholic College under Dublin University-both it and Trinity College being independent and autonomous, while under the supervision of the Senate of the University—was shown during the recent election of a Parliamentary member in the room of Mr. Lecky, when Dr. Mahaffy published a letter protesting against the candidates being made to promise to oppose such a scheme, and maintaining that it or any other proposal should be given a hearing and discussed in a friendly spirit, and that the Parliamentary representative should not be bound to oppose any particular scheme. The Presbyterian body and some other Northern representatives have already protested against the establishment of a Roman Catholic College as proposed by the Commissioners in their report.

A memorial has been presented to Government from all the educational associations connected with Irish secondary education requesting that a considerable portion of the equivalent grant now due to Ireland (about £140,000) shall be given to Irish secondary education. In presenting this memorial representatives from all classes of schools have joined, without a single exception. They ask that the money, if granted, shall be placed in the hands of the Intermediate Board to form a grant to be given to each school yearly (in proportion to the school grant earned by the school), according to a scheme drawn up by the Board after consultation with the schools. The memorialists have asked the Chief Secretary to receive a deputation from them which would explain in detail the present inadequate resources of secondary schools, the increased demands made upon them, and their needs.

It is, however, very doubtful to what purpose this fund is intended to be applied. Rumours are current that the Government are contemplating large changes in Irish education as a whole, and that an Education Department may be created under which both primary and secondary schools will be placed.

Discontent, on different grounds and from different quarters, has long

(Continued on page 270.)

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