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late's private library, from which there was access to the chapel.*

In the centre of the main body of the palace there was a small court, open to the weather; out of which there was an arched door-way into the offices beneath the great chamber. This court was subsequently covered with a skylight.

The north-western parts of the palace having been rebuilt and altered from the original design, in consequence of the hall and its appendages, which stood in that direction, having been demolished when it was in the hands of the Parliamentary Commissioners in the seventeenth century, it is impossible to state to what purpose they were applied. It is probable that the principal entrance was opposite to the present principal gate, and that a lobby conducted to the hall on the left, and on the right to the staircase of the tower and great chamber, as at present. Besides this way of access the tower has a staircase in its northeast and north-west turrets. The whole of this, together with the en. trance tower and the offices attached to it, was surrounded by a ditch, with curtain walls embattled, in those parts which were not defended by buildings. And when we recollect that this mansion was erected during the turbulent times of Edward the Fourth, and not finished till those of Richard the Third, its castellated character, though designed for the habitation of a man of peace, is accounted for.

The rooms on the ground floor on either side of the great gate were appro priated to domestic purposes. That on the right hand, as you enter, was originally the Almonry, the hatch of which still remains, as do the benches under the gateway itself, on which the poor sate. The rooms on the left, entered from a cloister, were appropriated to the dairy, and further northward to the brewery, attached to which is a spacious octagonal turret. A square turret leads up to two rooms, one above the other, over the gateway.

The

The lower, lately the diocesan library, was probably the secretary's apartment, as the rooms to the southward were his office and registry. chambers on the left of the entrance tower were applied to the purpose of a record room, and sleeping rooms for menials.

The ancient kitchen was, it is supposed, destroyed with the hall, near which it was always situate, under the ancient arrangement. The modern building applied to this purpose abuts upon the offices beneath the drawingroom. Above the great dining room, lobby, and small room adjoining, is the principal bed-room, dressingroom, and a small apartment; † and again, above these, the great dorter or dormitory, occupying the whole space at the top of the tower. In this were two chimneys. The present Bishop converted this room into two bed-rooms. The turrets, at the angles of this tower, are octagonal. Two contain stairs, as has been stated, and the other two small octagon rooms, fitted up with shelves in recesses, which seem to point them out as intended for retirement and study.

In the reign of King James the First the palace fell into decay, and the extent of the repairs then done to it will be best understood by the following extracts from Hacket's Life of Archbishop Williams, the prelate who possessed it at that time.

"He came to his seat of Bugden at disadvantage, in the winter; and winter cannot be more miry in any coast of England, than it is round about it. He found a house nothing to his content to entertain him. 'Twas large enough, but rude, waste, untrimm'd, and, in much of the outward dress, like the grange of a farmer; for, from the time of his predecessor Dr. Russel, that was Lord Chancellor of England, and sat there in the days of Edward the Fourth, and laid out much upon that place, none that followed him, no not Splendian Woolsey, did give it any new addition; but rather suffered it to be overgrown with the decays of an ill

* The writer is here referring to the time of Bishop Russell.

Probably the space these occupy was originally one large room, for the higher

orders; who were accustomed, in times past, to repose in one apartment.

favour'd antiquity. This Bishop did wonders in a short time, with the will of a liberal man, and the wit of a good surveyor for, in the space of one year, with many hands and good pay, he turned a ruinous thing into a stately mansion. The out-houses, by which all strangers past, were the greatest eye-sore; these he pluck'd down to the ground, and re-edified with convenient beauty, as well for use, as uniformity. These were stables, barns, granaries, houses for doves, brewing, and dairies and the outward courts, which were next them, he cast into fair allies, and grass-plats.

"Within doors the Cloysters* were the trimmest part of his reparations. The windows of the square,† beautified with stories of coloured glass, the pavement laid smooth and new, and the walls on every side hung with pieces of exquisite workmen in limning, collected and provided long before. The like and better was done for the Chapel in all these circumstances, and with as much cost as it was capable of; for the oversight from the beginning was, that it was the only room in the house that was too little.

"He planted woods, the trees in many places devised by him into ranks and proportions; but woods are the most needful supplies for posterity, and the most neglected. He fenced the Park, and stored it with deer. He provided for good husbandry, and he bought in all the leases of the demesnes, for them which would stock the grounds; which improvidently, and for hunger of monies, were let out to the very gates.

"He loved stirring and walking, which he used two hours and more every day in the open air, if the weather served; especially if he might go to and fro, where good scents and works of well formed shape were about him. But that this was his innocent recreation, it would amount to an error, that he should bury so much money in gardens, arbours, orchards, pools for water fowls, and for fish of all variety, with a walk raised three feet from the ground, of

*All of which must have been subsequently destroyed in the Rebellion, except the small cloister of the offices.-H.K.B. Only three sides of which remain.

about a mile in compass, shaded and covered on each side with trees and pales.

"He (Dr. Hacket) who reports this, knew best that all the nurseries about London for fair flowers and choice fruits were ransacked to furnish him. Alcinous, if he had lived at Bugden, could not have liv'd better. And all this, take it together, might have stood to become five ages after his reparation. But," he adds, (writing after the Rebellion,) "what is there that appears

now? or what remains of all this cost and beauty? All is dissipated, defaced, pluc't to pieces to pay the army, following the rule which Severus the Emperor gave to his sons Antoninus and Geta, Locupletate milites, cæteros omnes contemnite." Here's nothing standing of all the Bishop's delights and expence. Nebuzar-adan, the servant of the King of Babylon, hath been there, 2 Kings xxv. 8, and made profit of the havock of the place, though the building would have yielded more gain to have let it stood, than to be demolish'd. But such purchasers made ready mony of every thing to-day, dreading the right owner's return; or that another chapman, upon some new state project, might purchase it over his head tomorrow," &c. &c.

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'It were sad to part thus, with such a delightful pile of building. Therefore, return to it, while it stood and flourish'd. Above all, while the true owner kept it, the holy service of God was well order'd and observed at noon, and at evening with musick and organ, exquisitely, as in the best Cathedrals and with such voices, as the kingdom afforded not better for skill and sweetness, the Bishop bearing a tenor part among them often. And this was constant every day, as well as on solemn feasts, unless the birds were flown abroad, for they are of a tribe of which some are not always Canons Regular; whose negligence the Bishop punish'd no further than with a merry story.' (Hacket's Life of Archbishop Williams, Part II. p. 29.)

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The worthy biographer's style is diffuse, and we have not space to quote him at length, though many of his de

The extent was less than a mile.

tails are very interesting and curious. He goes on to say that "the Bishop's fancy was marvellously charmed with the delight of music, both in the Chappel and in the Chamber; which was so well known that the best, both for song and instrument, as well of the French that lodg'd in London as of the English, resorted to him, chiefly in the summer-quarter; to whom he was not trivial in his gratifications; one of the Gentlemen of the King's Chappel, Mr. R. N. hath acknowledged that he gave him a lease worth 550 pounds."

Again, the Biographer gives this interesting picture of the Episcopal hospitality of the olden times:

"Bugden is a thorough-fare into the great counties of Lincoln and York; whose nobles and gentry, with their retinues, call'd in at that palace in their passage, and found a sumptuous table, and a cellar free, if not open. The House, as great as it was, was likely well filled. The Master of it delighted not in solitude; for he loved not to save charges. Besides such passengers, he seldom set to meat without some of the Clergy, commonly a coovy. The very yeomanry of fashion of the adjacent towns were welcome, not only to his hall, but to his board. And though the resort was such, yet he lived in that order and method that his more serious thoughts were seldom interrupted with domestick affairs. The poor were sharers in this hospitality, more than any for their number, with whom he desired to divide the goods of the earth, that he might divide with them the joys of heaven.

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"At this table a Chorister read a chapter in the English translation at dinner, and one of his Gentlemen another in the Latin translation at supper: for there was none of them but was bred at least to so much learning. After that, discourse took up the time; ** Herein the Bishop excell'd himself; for none could give better discourse to all that sat with him at meat. * * *So much company was often about the Bishop, as made Bugden look like an Academy, and the cheer like a Commencement. ** From Cambridge, that being so near, and he so hospitable, he was daily visited. But when Dr. Ward and Dr. Brownrigg (now the Right Reverend Bishop of Exon) came to do him honour

with their observance, it was a high feast with him. This noble pair were both most godly, most learned, most bumble, fit to make friends with the most virtuous." (p. 31.)

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After much more, on the Bishop's patronage of learning, his biographer adds:"Such was the fatherly respect that our ancient Prelates had to the sons of our greatest peers, that their palaces were the mansions of their children; where they were bred to serve God and the King, and to shun the stains of honour, vice and ignorance. The two, and only male branches of Charles Duke of Suffolk were brought up with Dr. Holbech in this mansion of Bugden, and died there both in one day of the sweatingsickness, greatly lamented, as it is engraven on their tomb in the chancel of the church adjoyning. * Which good custom was revived among us by this honourable person, who lived in manner and order of the good old bishops, and made an Academy of his house, receiving into it many hopeful branches of honour, the sons of the Marquis Hartford, of the Earls of Pembroke, Salisbury and Leicester, with many others of the gentry, of the same tender age, to bear them company, whereof some were of his own blood and country. These had preceptors who accounted often to the Bishop, how their charges were seasoned with piety, and prospered in learning. To such as grew ripe to be removed to the Universities, he read himself a brief system of Logick, and sent them from him, beside the verbal art of Grammar, tinctured with the syllogisms of Reason. His own servants resorted to the exercise of this education, as they were capable." (p. 36.)

The person alluded to, under the name of Nebuzar-adan, it is believed was the famous Alderman Packe, the republican Lord Mayor of London, to whom "the mannor of Bugden was sold for the sum of 81741. 16s. 6d. by the Commissioners for the sale of Bishops' lands on the 23rd Jan. 1648-9.*

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This was during the episcopate of Bishop Winniffe, Williams having

* Collectanea Topog. et Geneal. vol. i. p. 105.

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been translated to the see of York in 1641. But at an earlier period, when Williams fell ihto disgrace with Charles the First in 1637, it appears that the furniture, if not the structure, of Buckden had suffered materially. In order to enforce the payment of the fine imposed upon him in the Star Chamber, its solicitor, Kilvert, was commissioned to go down to Buckden and Lincoln, with an extent, and the devil, says Hacket, "could do no worse to Job, when he was put into his hands; he seizeth upon all the books he found; movables, goods, plate, furniture, to the value of 10,000l. of which he never made account but of 8007. He felled the timber, killed the deer of the park, settles in Bugden House for three summers, with a seraglia of quædam, sells an organ that cost 120l. at 107.; pictures that cost 4001. at 57. Books he filcht what he could, and for four cellars of wine, cyder, ale, beer, with wood, hay, corn, and the like, stored up for a year or two, he gave not account of sixpence, but spent it upon baggage, and loose franions, as prodigally as if he had kept a Shrievalty. Thus a brave personal estate flew away into atoms, and not a tally struck to pay his Majesty."(Hacket, Part ii. p. 128.)

Upon the ejection of the Bishops in the Great Rebellion, the Parliamentarian Commissioners made a survey of the palace, which is still in the Bishop's registry; and from the description therein given, a conclusion may be drawn that the north-west part of the fabric, containing the hall and its appurtenances, as already mentioned, were demolished before the Restoration. For, on the election of Dr. Sanderson to the Bishoprick of Lincoln, he found this the only palace left to it, and in so dilapidated a state as to require extensive repairs. Of this, Isaac Walton in his life of that wise, pious, meek, and innocent prelate, gives the following testimony "The bishop's chief house of Bugden, having been, at his consecration, a great part of it demolished, and what was left standing under a visible de

cay, was by him undertaken to be erected and repaired; and it was performed with great speed, care, and charge."+

It continued in this state till the time of Bishop Green, who came to the see in 1761, and who made some slight alterations in the interior of the north-west part of it. Upon the election of Bishop Pretyman (Tomline) in 1787, a further change took place by the addition of a private library and morning-room above it, on the north side of the chapel, and the filling up of the moat on all sides of the house, except the western; which was left, with a bridge of two arches over it, at the chief entrance. Bishop Kaye thoroughly repaired the whole, and added a turret and stairs to the north side of the entrance hall.

The principal portions of Buckden Palace are still standing, although it is unoccupied, with the exception of the dining-room, which is used as a National School-room. There has been a sale of materials, the produce of which has been paid into the hands of the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, for the benefit of the See; but the square tower still remains, containing the dining-room, the great chamber (of which the drawing-room was a part), said by the late Mr. Rickman of Birmingham to be of the date of the XIVth century; the chapel, of the date of Henry VIII.; and the gateway, of the same date as the tower.

Bishop Russell (or Bishop Rotherham) from the style of the octagonal buttress at the south-west corner of the garden, surrounded that part with the brick wall now standing. And there is a tradition that at the southeast angle stood the house of the Bishop's Chancellor. Opposite the former is an inn, faced with brick-work, but formerly of timber; which (although now the White Lion has usurped the place of the Lamb) was doubtless anciently known by the sign of the Agnus Dei. The kitchen of this inn affords a remarkable specimen of the domestic architecture of the fifteenth century. The rafters are concentrated

*In another place called "a vexatious prosecutor of many in the Court of Star Chamber," -the worst visitor that ever came to a Bishop's house." + See Walton's Life of Bishop Sanderson, Zouch's Edit. p. 428.

p. 62,

in a round boss in the middle of the ceiling, like the cords of a tent, on which in relief is the representation of the lamb and pennon, with the words "Ecce Agnus Dei."

In the Church of Buckden the remains of the following Bishops are deposited. William Barlow 1613, Robert Sanderson 1st February 1663, and Thomas Barlow 1691. There is a monument in the chancel to the memory of Bishop William Barlow, repaired by his successor Thomas Barlow; and two cenotaphs,-one for Bishop Green, who died and was buried at Bath; the other for Bishop Pelham, who was interred with his ancestors, at Laughton, in Sussex.

Bishop Grey died in the Palace, February 1435. He was a great benefactor to the building of this Church, His armorial bearings-Gules, a lion rampant within a border engrailed Argent, were once in the windows. (B. Willis, Cath. ii. 55.) Probably it was finished by Bishop Alnwick; whose arms, a cross moline, are upon

a corbel supporting the roof of the

nave.

On the 10th Jan. 1814, George Prince Regent dined and slept at Buckden Palace, on his return from Belvoir Castle.

There is a view of Buckden Palace by Buck, about 1720, which affords an adequate idea of its size and general features. A view published in a pocketbook (we think the Suffolk Pocketbook) a few years since, gives a pleasing representation of its peaceful aspect. Seven well executed lithographic plates of Buckden Palace have been recently published, in 4to. by Mr. Rudge of Bedford.

By the late ecclesiastical alterations, the whole of Huntingdonshire has been transferred from the see of Lincoln to that of Ely. The Bishop of Lincoln has removed for his country residence to Willingham House, near Market Rasen, a modern mansion erected in the year 1790, and formerly the seat of Ayscough Boucherett, esq. M.P. for Great Grimsby.

CAMBERWELL CHURCH, SURREY. Feb. 17.

MR. URBAN, ON the evening of Sunday the 7th instant this Church was destroyed by fire. As one of the few remaining village churches in the neighbourhood of the metropolis, its loss will be a subject of regret; but as the edifice had been for the last fifty years subjected to repairs and alterations from the hands of a succession of parish plasterers and bricklayers, very few of its exterior features remained to attract the notice of the antiquary. In the Gent. Mag. for April 1825, p. 297, a view and description of the edifice, as it then stood, were given from the hands of a gentleman from whom we may shortly expect a regular History of the parish. In this view the character of two successive alterations are shown, exhibiting different varieties of the genuine carpenter's gothic. Since then a still further alteration of the structure had been effected, by which the few remains of the original character were totally obliterated.

In the engraving above referred to, it will be seen that the chancel is a semi-octangular apsis, which, however modernized it had been, still preserved the original form which it had borne from a very early period.

An apsis on a polygonal plan is not absolutely unique, but it is very rarely met with in ancient buildings, and it is not improbable that its adoption in this instance arose from its being founded on the walls of a semicircular Norman chancel. But whatever degree of interest it possessed in its former state was entirely done away with at a reparation which occurred about two years since, when the chancel was taken down, and a square one, with a mullioned window, equally poor in design and execution, was substituted for it.

At the same time this very uncalled for alteration was made, a coat of cement (the direst foe to antiquity) was laid over the walls of the north aisle and tower, which were then made to look as smooth and even as could be wished.

The interior retained more of its original features. In the arches between the nave and aisles were seen the architecture of the fifteenth century, and the eastern end of each was formed into a chantrey. One of these chantries had been effaced when the extreme addition shown in the plate was erected. Since the fire the pillars and arches have been taken down, and the external walls alone have been left

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