tired fortune, armed all Europe against him, and | none of the sophistries by which it is pretended exhausted all the means of France, was forced to to be attacked can at all affect it :--2. That abandon his projects, and abdicated power to these reasons remain in all their force, and that save some relics of existence; who, at the mo- the changes which have in fact occurred since the ment when the nations of Europe were giving | Declaration of the 13th of March, have produced themselves up to the hope of a durable tranquil- | no alteration in the position of Bonaparte and of lity, meditated new catastrophes, and by a double France with regard to the Allies-3. That the perfidy. towards the powers who had too gener-offer to ratify the Treaty of Paris cannot on any ously spared him, and towards a government account alter the disposition of the Allies.which he could not attack without the blackest Therefore, the Committee is of opinion that it treason, usurped a throne which he had renounced, would be useless to publish a fresh declaration. and which he never occupied except for the mi- The Plenipotentiaries of the Powers who sery of France and the world. This man has no signed the Treaty of Paris, and who as such are other guarantee to propose to Europe than his responsible for its execution with regard to the word. After the cruel experience of 15 years, acceding Powers, having taken into considerawho would have the courage to accept this gua- tion, and sanctioned by their approbation the rantee? and if the French nation has really em- preceding report, have resolved, that there shall braced his cause, who could any longer respect be made to the Plenipotentiaries of the other the security which it could offer? Peace with a Royal Courts a communication of the minutes of government placed in such hands, and composed of this day. They have further ordered that an exsuch elements, would only prove a perpetual state tract of the said minutes shall be made public.— of uncertainty, anxiety, and danger. No power Here follow the signatures in the alphabetical could really disarm : nations would not only en- order of the Courts:joy any of the advantages of a true pacification; they would be crushed by charges of all kinds; as confidence would no where revive, industry and commerce would every where languish; there would be no stability in political relations; gloomy discontent would sit brooding on every country, and at a day's notice, alarmed Europe would expect fresh explosions. The Sovereigns have certainly not mistaken the interests of their subjects, when they have thought that open war, with all its inconveniences, and all its sacrifices, preferable to such a state; and the measures which they have adopted, have met with general approbation. The opinion of Europe on this great oceasion is pronounced in a manner very positive and | PRUSSIA.-Prince HARDENBERG, very solemn; never could the real sentiments of nations have been more accurately known and more faithfully interpreted than at a moment when the representatives of all the Powers were assembled to consolidate the peace of the world. THIRD QUESTION. AUSTRIA.-Prince METTERNICH, Duke of DALBERG, Count ALEX de Noailles, CATHCART, PORTUGAL.-The Count DE PALMELLA, Baron HUMBOLDT. RUSSIA. Count RASOUMOUSKY, SWEDEN.-Count LOEWENHIELM. their signatures. Is it necessary to publish a new Declaration? The undersigned Plenipotentiaries, approving The observations which the Committee have the whole of the principles contained in the prejust presented, furaish the answer to the last ques-sent extract from the minutes, have affixed to it tion which remains to be examined. It considers, -1. That the Declaration of the 13th of March was dictated to the Powers by reasons of such evident justice and such decisive weight, that Europe than even the wars with which it was tormented. It was thus that he took possession of Piedmont, Parma, Genoa, Lucca, or the States of Rome, of Holland, of the countries composing the 32d Military Division. It was thus at a period of peace (at least with all the continent), that he struck the first blow against Portugal and Spain, and he thought to have finished the conquest of those countries by cumming and audacity, when the patriotism and energy of the people of the Peninsula drew him into a sanguinary war, the commencement of his own downfall, and of the salvation of Europe. Vienna, May 12, 1815. Printed and Published by G. HOUSTON, No. 192, Strand; where all Communications addressed to the Editor, are requested to be forwarded. VOL. XXVII. No. 23.] LONDON, SATURDAY, JUNE 10, 1815. [Price 1s. 705] [706 "The revolutionary ideas of France have already which we now hear the warriors most bit"made but too great a progress in the heartsterly complain of. They have disguised "of men in all countries, and even in the very this for a good while; because, the letting "centre of every capital. If crime be crowned it be seen, that they were at war against "with reward in France, every individual may the kind of government existing in France, "hope that the subversion of order in his own was to give their opponents a powerful country will procure him a situation, if not handle against them. At last, however, “honour ble, at least honoured. IT IS NOT they have been driven to suffer this to "BONAPARTE. THAT AT PRESENT take place. They were beaten upon the "FORMS THE DANGER OF EUROPE: personal question, and were compelled to “he is unmasked, IT IS THE NEW OPI.ly to the system. In the published re"NIONS; it is the disorganisation of men's port of the Debate in the House of "minds; it is the making revolt a calculation Lords, it is stated, that the EARL of LI"of private interest; it is the most deadly of VERPOOL aid, that we were "compelled "all contagions, the contagion of immorality, again to have recourse to arms, and to "of false philanthropy, of a perfidious selfrenew the contest against that power, "styled philosophy; from all which the world "and that system, which had been the "requires to be protected. THIS IS THE parent; of such tremendous ca amities: "TRUE HYDRA which must be DE. ❝STROYED, or it will destroy all Europe ❝ The cause of morality is the cause of GOD; "it is the cause of all men, of ail nations, of "ali thrones!!"-TIMES Newspaper, 6 June, 1815. LETTER V. To LORD CASTLEREAGH. On the Debates relative to the Commencement of the War against France. MY LORD, 66 66 66 ..... that the state of things in without the most imminent danger to "France afforded no security for peace other nations: ...... that, with such mated with such a spirit, and acting "a government as that of France, ani"upon such principles, it was impossible "to expect with safety to remain in a state "of peace: . . . . . . .... that he himself was "desirous that France should have a li"mited government, found-d'on princi"ples of a nature similar to those which prevailed in THIS COUNTRY. He knew that it had been a matter of spe"culation how far a free constitution 66 "merous fortresses, and from other causes, "it might be necessary for that country "to keep up even in time of peace. It had been contended by some, that so "large a military establishment was in 66 II. Of the French system of Government." could be maintained in France, together -For a long while it was pretended, that it" with that large military force, which, on was merely Napoleon who was the object" account of her extensive frontier, nuof dread with the Allies. They would not interfere in the domestic affairs of France. They would not presume to say what sort of government the French should have. They did not pretend to deny, that they had no right to forbid the French to compatible with a limited government; have whatever kind of government they "but whether that opinion was well or ill might choose. But, Napoleon; it was "founded, this at least was clear, that merely Napoleon, that they wished to put under such circumstances, it was imdown, because he had broken his treaties" possible that a free Constitution could with them, and because his ambition was 66 exist where the head of the government such, that he would never suffer Europe" was a military chief, who owed his sito be at rest. This was the language for "tuation to the sword, and whose title a long while. But, by degrees, it has 66 arose from, and was founded on the changed; and, it is the French SYSTEM, "sword. There was no individual under 46 66 66 ર of 66 66 66 66 66 "whose sway it was so totally impossible was, whether, under these circumstances, "that any thing like a limited government" it was not incumbent upon you to take "could exist, as that individual whose "advantage of this state of things, and "title depended on the sword, whose oppose ᎦᎾ PERNICIOUS A SYS"fame, whose power, and all that ren- "TEM, whilst the amplest means of "dered him distinguished, arose from," resistance were in your power. . . . . and was connected with war and con- "That we had a right to say, that France 06 quest. At the period of the invasion" shall not have a Governmet which threa"of France, the general impression intens the repose of other nations..... "that country was, that under him there" that we ought not to refuse to join in was no hope of a permanent limited go- crushing one of the greatest evils that vernment; and the common opinion ever existed."-Thus far the PRIME MIC6 was, that so desirable an object would NISTER. Nothing can be more full to the be best secured under the sway of the point. It is the SYSTEM; the sort of old family. There was, in the very cir- Government. This is what the Allies are "cumstance of the Government being in at war with; and, they are at war with "the hands of the old and legitimate fa- Napoleon because he is the Chief of the mily, which formed the best security nation, who have adopted that system.--"for the permanence and support of a The report gives to LORD GRENVILLE "limited system. If the restoration of the following expressions upon this point: .. the old family, therefore, would be be-"Was it nothing now to be desired to ૯. neficial to the whole of the rest of Ex-“ sanction a system under which Europe rope, it would be in the highest degree" had so long groaned, with such an army "favourable to France. Then could any " and such a chief at its head? If his dis-one so completely shut his eyes to all "position was said to have undergone "that happened during the last 14 or 15 some change, his situation again was 66 years, as to believe that this country or now changed; and as the army was forદઃ Europe could with safety enjoy a state" merly upheld by spoliation and plunder, repose, while the PLAN and SYSso now, for the same objects, he was re"TEM of Government remained as it was "called by his former instruments, who "at present?...... that in the whole of "alone could maintain him in his regained "Europe there was only one sentiment, and power. As to new constitutions, he was "the Sovereigns had the means and the will" firmly of opinion, that a good constitu 66 to resist a system, the existence of which "tion could only be formed by the adapta "must be destructive of all hopes of secure "tion of remedies from time to time, unand permanent tranquillity.... Thatder the circumstances which required "the Allies wished not to see France aban- "them. That seemed the only means of "doned to the ravages of war, her pro- accomplishing that difficult work. The "vinces or her resources curtailed, but 66 only instance of exception mentioned "only such a government existing in that was that of America: but that did not "country as would afford security to the "appply. The founders of that constitu rest of Europe. In this view he thought "tion acted with great wisdom. It was "it would be generally admitted, that the "framed so as to produce as little change "restoration of Louis XVIII. to his as possible in the existing laws and man-"throne was an object dear to the heart, "ners under the altered form of govern "not only from feelings of SYMPATHY, "ment, which, though a republic, was but from a principle of general expedi-constructed as nearly as the difference ency. . . . . . . That the argument, then, "would almit, on the monarchical form was this in the first place, you clearly" of our OWN CONSTITUTION”“had a just cause of war against THAT "SYSTÈM OF GOVERNMENT IN "FRANCE, which experience had deci"dedly proved to be incompatible with the 66 peace and independence of the nations of "Europe: next, you had, at present, tr means of opposing that system which 66 you could not reasonably hope to possess at a future time; and the question 66 36 66 How odd it is, my Lord, that we should always be wanting other peopleto imitate our invaluable Constitu-tion! However, this is another man's matter, as the saying is. It shall be my business, in a seperate address to Lord Grenville, to shew him how "nearly" the Americans have constructed their Government upon our plan: that shall be my business, and shall be fully discharged in "firm in the heart of Europe a military the next number of the Register.-But, "domination founded on triumph over to return to the French SYSTEM, the "civil rights, and which had made the exreporter makes your Lordship say: "that"periment of governing a great nation in this case it is impossible to seperate without any religion, and which aimed the Government from the nation."Mr." at governing Europe by means of breakJ. SMITH is reported as having called" ing oaths and deposing Kings? (Hear) the French system a system of Plunder and "If they would agree to confirm that to have called the French army banditti.“system,-if they would degrade the hoDid the gentleman never hear of any other "nour of England-if they would forplunderers? I have a great mind to send "get the value of morals, and despise him a file of American newspapers! The "the obligations of religion,-if they truth is, that we do take the liberty to "would astonish all our allies by such look upon ourselves as exempt from all 66 a confirmation, would not Europe exthe moral obligations which we apply to "claim against us, and say, 'You have the conduct of others. We are like But-"kindly assisted and generously contriler's Saints, who insisted, that fiddles, "buted to our deliverance; and do you race-horses, whores, and dice were their" at the most urgent moment fall back? exclusive property, and were, in part, un- "In vain have you so long opposed and justly detained from them by the wicked."born up against the flying fortunes of —Mr. GRATTAN'S words are next given the world, in vain have you taken the by the reporter, who makes that gentle-"eagles from the hands of the invaders, man say: 66 that the French Government"in vain have you snatched invincibility " is a stateocracy: that the French Consti- " from the standards of the foe! Now, "tution was war, and that Bonaparte was "when all Europe is ready to march, "the man best calculated to support it :.. 666 are you, who were in the front before, .that with Mr. Burke's authority, with "the foremast to take the lead in deMr. Fox's practice, and with the opini-sertion?'...... MR. C. WYNNE "ons and conduct of others whom it would "quoted a number of historical facts, "wear out a day to name, he was against" to shew that it had always been neces"a treaty founded on the chances of Bo-" sary to curb the ambition of FRANCE, "naparte's giving liberty to France, at" and contrasted the approaching meeting "the certain hazard of the independence of" in Paris, to accept the new constitution, "Europe. If we had no right to dictate" under the influence of a military des"a Government to France, we had a "potism, with the FREEDOM OF ELEC"right to say to France, You shall not "choose a Government, the object of "which is to raise all your strength "against Europe.' As to the Govern"ment of Louis the Eighteenth, which he "should rather speak of as interrupted than subverted, it was mildness itself "compared to that of Bonaparte. It was "free under it to discuss all questions of "church or ministry, or political or re"ligious intolerance, and the science of "Government and philososphy, and in"toleration advanced under it, and there 66 was at least an amenity in France that "rendered a great nation amiable. It was now proposed to subject that race "of people to a pure oriental despotism. "There was a sort of monstrous unreality "in the revived system of Government, "that stated nothing as it is; and every "thing as it was not. (Hear.). The "whole state was corrupted. He would "ask whether by treaty they would con 6 66 TION IN ENGLAND, where all the troops "were removed from the spot at which it “took place."-This is very true, my Lord. I dare say there were no army present at the election of Mr. QUINTIN DICK; nor did I ever hear of any being employed at Sarum, Gatton, Reygate, Appleby, Bamber, Queenborough, Newton, and a long list of fine places in Cornwall, Scotland, Ireland, and, indeed all over the kingdom; though I do recollect, I think, something about soldiers being employed at Bristol.- -Here, my Lord, I conclude as to this point; and, I think, that it will never, after this, be denied, that the war is now, as it was in 1791, 1792, 1793, and the succeeding years, 'till 1814, a struggle between republican principles, or, as they are sometimes called jacobin principles, and the principles of aristocracy and monarchy. Which are the best and which the worst of these principles, we are not now dis cussing. It is the fact, that I am anxious to record the proof of: namely, That the war is a war against the system of government, which the French have adopted; a system, of government, which recognizes the right of the people to choose their own Chief Magistrate; which acknowledges. 110 feudal titles or privileges; which knows of no tithes, no predominant Church, Clergy, or Religion; which takes tacation as the basis of representation; which knows nothing of Boroughs or their patrons.-Pray, my Lord, look at the motto to this Letter. III. Of our present situation with regard to France. This, my Lord, is a great point. Because, we have been about 22 years at war; and, if we find the members of both houses of parliament insisting, that WE ARE NOW IN SUCH A STATE with regard to France; that another war is absolutely necessary to save us from destruction, is it not time for us to begin to ask what we have had 22 years of war for? The whole of this thinking, "this most thinking people" were drunk; they were mad with joy, last year. They boasted, and were applauded for boasting, that they had, by their perseverance in submitting to taxation, at last, won peace and safety for themselves and for their children.-Now, then, let us hear what the members of the two houses of parliament are reported to have said upon the subject of our present situation, that is to say, our situation at the end of about eleven months from the time when that boasting took place. It was said By the EARL of LIVERPOOL: "Indeed, "what other alternative was left but 66 car, or an armed peace almost "equivalent to war in point of ex"pence, and leaving the country in a feverish state of anxiety as to "defence? Supposing a treaty with "Bonaparte, could any man con template a peace establishment in "the old sense of that phrase? The "country could only have a feverish "and disturbed repose. The system "of armed defence was calamitous in "itself, and one of which the country "had had no experience. He admit"ted that circumstances might exist "in which an armed peace might be preferable to war;-if for instance "the powers of Europe had not been 66 By By By means calculated to avert the great"est dangers. No words of which "he was master; nothing that the "page of history recorded, appeared "adequate to impress on their Lord"ships minds the situation in which .. ، 66 were now placed. If such means were required from any, to "place in full view the dangers of "removing the barriers against "French ambition and aggression, "and the necessity that must exist if they were not removed, he should despair." MR. GRATTAN, 66 that, as to the ability "of opposing aggression, he hoped 66 none would live to see the time "when England, together with the "rest of Europe, would be obliged "to truckle before France, and when "these islands should seek an humble “situation under the French Impe"rial Eagle. What would be our "situation if we abandoned our al"liance? State it as you please, it "must be first of all an armed peace. "No Minister would venture to "disarm the country in such a case. "This armed peace would be follow"ed by the evils of a corruption of manners, and a vastly increased "expenditure; and that would be "followed by a renewal of war. "You might then have no alliance, certainly not so strong an alliance as you have; while your enemy 66 66 |