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Indeed, they defended their measures by of which Mr. Chateaubriand speaks so asserting that they were consonant to the feelingly and so foolishly; one of the links principles and system of Pitt, and that he in the chain of the "social system," which would have done the same under like cir- has recently been under the hammers of cumstances. This the other party used to so many able artizans at Vienna. The deny. Both parties pretended that they Regular Government of Algiers does not were, and still pretend that they are, the make any prefaces to war. It observes a followers of Pitt. "Ours is his system," | dignified silence till it has actually begun say one party. "No," say the other, and made some progress in the war! Till "it is we who possess his true system." it has made a good haul of the enemy's Like the two convents of monks, who, in ships, before he knows that he is looked their holy zeal, blackguarded each other upon as an enemy. This is the practice of for four centuries, each of them swearing the Regular Government; the "ancient that they possessed exclusively the real cross on which Christ was crucified. A mutual friend to these ghostly brotherhoods, at one time, interfered, recommending aligencer, published at Washingtou; next miracle to make both real crosses. But this did not suit the brotherhood whose cross happened to be in vogue, as they would thereby have let their rivals in for a share of the offerings.

No miracle is, however, necessary in the case before us. The people of England, long ago cured of party delusions; long ago sickened by the professions of hunters after place; long ago disgusted with the wrangling of the OUTS and the INS, whom they have constantly seen unite and cordially co operate against reform; the people are quite willing to give them both credit for possessing the real Pitt system, and to believe, that, if those who are now OUTS were INS, they would do precisely that which is now doing, and that which will be done, by their opponents.

I am, Sir, with great respect,
your faithful and obedient servant,
WM. COBBETT.

and venerable institution, in Algiers.” I shall now insert, first, an account of the grounds of war from the National Intel

the Report of Congress upon the subject;
and last, the Act of Congress declaring
war against Algiers. For, the reader
will observe, that, in the Irregular Go-
vernment of America, war cannot be de-
clared by the Chief Magistrate, without
the consent of the people's real represen-
tatives. I reserve a few remarks to fol-
low the documents.

Grounds of the Wur.-From the National
Intelligencer.

It is probable that many of our readers may not bear in mind the facts on which the recent Declaration of War against Algiers is predicated. We have, therefore, obtained for their information, the Report made on the subject by Mr. Gaston, of the House of Representatives, chairman of the committee, to whom the bill was recommitted in secret sitting.-The documents accompanying the Report, which are too long, and perhaps not proper, for present publication, are so conclusive, as AMERICA AND ALGIERS. to leave no doubt on the mind of any oue As the war, which has now begun be- who hears or reads them, of the impostween the Democratic Rulers" of Ame- sibility of re-establishing Peace with the rica and the "Regular Government" of Dey of Algiers, unless by coercion, exAlgiers, may lead to important conse- cept under the most base and humiliating quences, it is proper to insert here the condition. Our readers may judge of grounds of this war, as far as we can come the inveterate hostility of that barbarian at them. We have the American official tyrant towards us, growing merely out of documents only. America has a tell-tale the most sordid cupidity and natural ferosort of government. It has no state secrets. city and cruelty of temper, by two or It blabs out the proceedings in negocia- three facts, collected from a momentary tions, while the negociators are still assem-glance at the documents accompanying bled. Not so the Regular Government of the Report of the committee.-A person Algiers, which is one of the ancient and was entrusted, as from the American mervenerable institutions" which the Bosto- chants in Spain, with the task of endea nian Noblesse so, much admire; one of vouring to procure the liberation of the the "gems in the crown of ancient glory," eleven or twelve of our citizens captive in

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Algiers, for whom he was authorised to and concealing her true American character. give a ransom, not exceeding 3000 dollars In this vessel was taken a Mr. Pollard, who per man. To every attempt of this kind, claims to be an American citizen, and is believed the Dey replied, that not for two mil- to be of Norfolk, Virginia, and who, as an Ame"lions of dollars would be sell his American citizen, is kept in captivity. The govern rican slaves!" In reply to an appli- ment, justly solicitous to relieve these unfortucation, in the most confidential manner, nate captives, cansed an agent, (whose connecto one of the Dey's ministers, to know the tion with the government was not disclosed) to terms which the Dey expected to extort be sent to Algiers, with the means and with infrom the United States (by keeping our structions to effect their ransom, if it could be citizens slaves) in the event of a treaty done at a price not exceeding three thousand with them, it appears, that "it was a set- dollars per man. The effort did not succeed, "tled point with the Dey, from which he because of the Dey's avowed policy to increase "could by no means swerve, that in the the number of his American slaves, in order to "first place, for the privilege of passing the be able to compel a renewal of his treaty, with "streights of Gibraltar, two millions of the United States, on terms suited to his rapa"dollars would be required of the Ame- city. Captain Smith, Mr. Pollard, and the Mas"rican Government, and THEN the stipu-ter of the Edwin, are not confined, nor kept at lations of the late treaty might be re"newed (the old tributary treaty) after paying up all arrears of tribute," &c. &c.

THE REPORT.

The committee to whom has been referred the bill for the protection of the United States "against the Algerine crnizers," with instructions to enquire and report in detail the facts apon which the measure contemplated is predicated, report- That in the month of July, 1812, the Dey of Algiers, taking offence, or pretending to take offence, at the quality and quantity of a shipment of military stores made by the United States, in pursuance of the stipulation in the Treaty of 1795, and refusing to receive the stores, extorted from the American Consul Ge. neral at Algiers, by threats of personal impri. sonment, and of reducing to slavery all Americans in his power, a sum of money claimed as the arrearages of Treaty stipulations, and denied by the United States to be due; and then com pelled the Consul, and all citizens of the United States at Algiers, abruptly to quit his dominions. -It further appears to the committee, that on the. 25th of August following, the American brig Edwin of Salem, owned by Nathaniel Silsbee of that place, while ou a voyage from Malta to Gibraltar, was taken by an Algerine Corsair, and carried into Algiers as prize. The com. mander of the brig, Captain George Campbell Smith, and the crew, ten in number, have ever since been detained in captivity, with the exception of two of them, whose release has been effected under circumstances not indicating any change of hostile temper on the part of the Dey. It also appears, that a vessel, sailing under the Spanish flag has been condemned in Algiers, as laying a false claim to that flag,

hard labour; but the rest of the captives are subjected to the well-known horrors of Algerine slavery. The Committee have not been apprised of any other specific outrages upon the persons or property of American citizens besides those stated; and they apprehend, that the fewness of these is attributable to the want of opportunity and not of inclination in the Dey, to prey upon our commerce, and to enslave our citizens. The war with Britain bas hitherto shut the Mediter

ranean against American vessels, which, it may be presumed will now shortly venture upon it. The committee are all of opinion, upon the evidence which has been laid before them, that the Dey of Algiers considers his treaty with the United States as at an end, and is waging war against them. The evidence upon which this is founded, and from which are extracted the facts above stated, accompanies this report, and with it is respectfully submitted

AN ACT

For the protection of the commerce of the United States against the Algerine cruizers. WHEREAS, the Dey of Algiers, on the coast of Barbary, has commenced a predatory warfare against the United States

BE it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assemble, That it shall be lawful fully to equip, officer, man and employ such of the armed vessels of the United States as may be judged requisite by the President of the United States, for protecting effectually the commerce and seamen thereof on the Atlantic ocean, the Mediterranean and adjoining seas.

Sect. 2. And be it further enacted, That it shall be lawful for the President of the United States to instruct the commanders of the respective

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public vessels aforesaid, to subdue, seize, and make prize of ail vessels, goods, and effects, of or belonging to the Dey of Algiers, or to his subjects, and to bring er send the same into port, to be proceeded against and distributed according to law; and also, to cause to be done, all such other acts of precantion or hostility, as the state of war will justify, and may in his opinion require.

these latter were entering upon war with US! some of our modest and honest gentlemen; some of our most honourable men, have called America an assassin, because she made war against us, while we were at war with Napoleon. What will they say now of the venerable head of this African state? The same honourable worSvc. 3. And be it further enacted, That on the thies have said, that because America application of the owners of private armed ves- went to war with us, while we had to sels of the United States, the President of the fight Napoleon, she was the slave of NaUnited States may grant them special commis-poleon. But I hope they will not apply sions, in the form which he shall direct under the this reasoning to the present war between seal of the United States; and such private armed America and Algiers: I fervently hope, vessels, when so commissioned, shall have the like that no one will pretend, that, because authority for subduing, seizing, taking, and bring. Algiers went to war with America while ing into port any Algerine vessels, goods or ef- America had to fight us, Algiers was the fects, as the above-mentioned public armed vesslave of England!—As to the result of sels may by law have; and shall therein be sub- the war, I have no doubt, that the Dey ject to the instractions which may be given by will not have to rejoice much at the sucthe President of the United States, for the regustead of millions of dollars are likely to be cess of his undertaking. A dry blow inlation of their conduct, and their commissions

shall be revocable at his pleasure: Provided,

That before any commission shall be granted as aforesaid, the owner or owners of the vessel for which the same may be requested, and the com

mander thereof for the time being, shall give

bond to the United States, with at least two res

ponsible sureties, not interested in such vessels,

in the penal sum of seven thousand dollars, or if such vessel be provided with more than one huudred and fifty men, in the penal sum of fourteen thonsand dollars, with condition for observing the treaties and laws of the United States, and the

instructions which may be given as aforesaid, and also for satisfying all damages and injuries which shall be done contrary to the tenor thereof, by such commissioned vessel, and for delivering up the commission when revoked by the President of the United States.

his portion. As an Englishman, Í must wish, that the Algerines may be beaten by those, who have, unfortunately, so often beaten my own countrymen.-The TIMES that the Algerine war is, with America, a has told us, that it is suspected, newspaper PRETEXT for increasing her navy. Indeed, Doctor! and, in what civilian have you discovered, that America is restrained from augmenting her navy at her pleasure? What need has she of pretexts? I know, indeed, that, amongst your other follies, you did, during last summer, insist upon it, that, in making peace with America, she should, at last, be compelled to stipulate not to have any ships of war beyond a certain size and number. But, the stipulation was not obtained; and now, instead of big menaces, you throw out your Sec. 4. And be it further enacted, That any Al-suspectings for the cogitations of the wise gerine vessel, goods or effects, which may be so John Bull.-Away driveller! and await captured and brought into port, by any private a similar fate to your predictions as to the armed vessel of the United States, duly commis- humiliations of France. sioned as aforesaid, may be adjudged good prize, and thereupon shall accrue to the owners, and officers, and men of the capturing vessel, and shall be distributed according to the agreement which shall have been made between them; or, in failure of such agreement, according to the discretion of the court having cognizance of the capture.

There is one circumstance connected with this Algerine war, which I think worthy of particulur notice; and that is, this regular government began, it appears, its depredations on the Americans, just as

OVERTURES OF PEACE FROM THE
EMPEROR NAPOLEON.
LETTER FROM M. CAULAINCOURT TO VISCOUNT
CASTLEREAGH, DATED PARIS, 4th APRIL,

1815,

My Lord-The Emperor was anxious to express directly to his Royal Highness the Prince Regent the sentiments which inspire him, and to make known to him the high value which he places on the maintenance of the peace happily existing between the two countries. I am commanded in consequence, my Lord, to address to

you the annexed letter, and to beg your Excel-
lency to present it to his Royal Highness-The
first wish of the Emperor being, that the repose of
Europe should remain inviolate, his Majesty has
been anxious to manifest this disposition to the
Sovereigns who are still assembled at Vienna, aud
to all other Sovereigns. I have, &c.
(Signed)

plishment of his noblest intentions. With a disposition to respect the rights of other nations, his Majesty has the pleasing hope, that those of the French, nation will remain inviolate. The maintenance of this precious deposit is the first, as it is the dearest of his duties. The quiet of the world is for a long time assured, if all the othrr

CAULAINCOURT, Duc de Vicence Sovereigns are disposed, as his Majesty is, to

make their honour consist in the preservation of

LETTER FROM M. DE CAULAINCOURT TO VIS-peace, by placing peace under the safeguard of COUNT CASTLEREAGH, DATED PARIS, APRIL 4, 1815.

My Lord-The expectations which induced his Majesty the Emperor, my August Sovereign, to submit to the greatest sacrifices, have not Been fulfilled: France has not received the price of the devotion of its Monarch: her hopes have been lamentably deceived. After some months of painful restraint, her sentiments, concealed with regret, have at length manifested themselves in an extraordinary manner: by an universal and spontaneous impulse, she has declared as her deliverer, the man, from whom alone she can expect the guarantee of her liberties and independence. The Emperor has appeared, the Royal Throne has fallen, and the Bourbon family have quitted our territory, without one drop of blood having been shed for their defence. Borne upon the arms of his people, his Majesty has traversed · France, from the point of the coast at which he at first touched the ground, as far as the centre of his capital, to that residence which is now again, ás are all French hearts, filled with our dearest remembrances. No obstacles have delayed his Majesty's triumphal progress; from the instant of his re-landing upon French ground, he resumed the government of his empire. Scarcely does his first reign appear to have been for an instant interrupted. Every generous passion, every liberal thought, has rallied around him; never did any nation present a spactacle of more awful unanimity. The report of this great event will have reached your Lordship. I am commanded to announce it to you, in the name of the Emperor, and to request you will convey this declaration to the knowledge of his Majesty the King of Great Britain, your August Master. This Restoration of the Emperor to the Throne of France is for him the most brilliant of his triumphs. His Majesty prides himself above all, on the reflec⚫tion, that he owes it entirely to the love of the French people, and he has no other wish than to repay such affections no longer by the trophies of vain ambition, but by all the advantages of au honourable repose, and by all the blessings of a happy tranquillity. It is to the duration of peace that the Emperor looks forward for the accom

honour. Such are, my Lord, the sentiments with which his Majesty is sincerely animated, and which he has commanded me to make known to your Government. I have the honour, &c.

(Signed) CAULAINCOURT, Duke of Vicence. His Excellency Lord Castlereaghi, &c.

LETTER FROM VISCOUNT CASTLEREAGH TO M.
CAULAINCOURT, DATED, DOWNING STREET,
APRIL 8, 1815.

SIR-I have been honoured with two letters
from your excellency bearing date the 4th inst.
from Paris, one of them covering a letter ad-
dressed to his Royal Highness the Prince Regent.
I am to acquaint your Excellency, that the Prince
Regent has declined receiving the letter addressed
by your Excellency to me, to Vienna, for the
information and consideration of the Allied So-
vereigns and Plenipotentiaries there assembled.
I am, &c.
CASTLEREAGH.

VISCOUNT CASTLEREAGH TO THE EARL OF
CLANCARTY, DATED FOREIGN OFFICE, 8TH
APRIL, 1815.

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MY LORD-I herewith inclose a copy of an Overture this day received from M. de Caulaincourt, with the answer returned. You will communicate the same to the Allied Sovereigns and Plenipotentiaries at Vienna, for their information. I have the honour to be, &c. (Signed)

Earl of Clancarty, &c.

--

CASTLEREAGH.

THE EARL OF CLANCARTY TO VISCOUNT CASTLE-
REAGH, DATED VIENNA, MAY 6, 1815.
MY LORD-Adverting to your Lordship's dis-
patch, No. 3, and to its several inclosures, con-
veying a proposal made by the existing Govern-
ment in France, and your Lordship's answer
thereto, I have the honour to acquaint you, for
the information of his Majesty's Government, that
at a conference held on the 3d inst. his Highness
Prince Metternich acquainted us, that a M. de
Strassant, who had been stopped on his way
hither, at Lintz, from not having been furnished
with proper passports, had addressed a letter to
his Imperial Majesty, and therewith forwarded.

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Enrope to renewed scenes of pinnder and devasta. tion. However general the feelings of the Sove. reigns may be in favour of the restoration of the King, they no otherwise seek to influence the proceedings of the French in the choice of this or of any other dynasty, or form of Government, than may be essential to the safety and permanent tranquillity of the rest of Europe; such reasonable security being afforded by France in this

some unopened letters which the Emperor had di- | lishment of an individual as the head of the French rected him to unseal in the presence of the Ple-Government, whose past conduct has invariably nipotentiaries of the Allied Powers. These demonstrated, that in such a situation he will not proved to be a letter from Bonaparte, addressed suffer other nations to be at peace-whose restto his Majesty, professing a desire to continue at less ambition, whose thirst for foreign conquest, peace, to observe the stipulations of the Treaty and whose disregard for the rights and independof Paris, &c. and à letter from M. de Canlainence of other States, must expose the whole of court to Prince Metternich, containing similar professions. After reading these Papers, it was considered whether any, and what answer should be made thereto, when the general opinion appeared to be, that none should be returned, and no notice whatever taken of the proposal. Upon this, as indeed upon all other occasions subsequent to the resumption of anthority by Bonaparte, wherein the present state of the Continental Powers, with regard to France, has come un-respect, as other states have a legitimate right der discussion, but one opinion has appeared to to claim in their own defence, their object will direct the Councils of the several Sovereigns. be satisfied; and they shall joyfully return to that They adhere, and from the commencement have state of peace, which will then, and then only, be never ceased to adhere, to their Declaration of open to them, and lay down those arms which the 13th of March, with respect to the actual they have only taken up for the purpose of ac Ruler of France. They are in a state of hostility quiring that. tranquillity so eagerly desired by with him and his adherents, not from choice, but them on the part of their respective Empires.-from necessity, because past experience has Such, my Lord, are the general sentiments of the shewn, that no faith has been kept by him, and Sovereigns and of their Ministers here assem that no reliance can be placed on the professions bled; and it should seem, that the glorious forof one who has hitherto no longer regarded the bearance observed by them, when masters most solemn compacts than as it may have of the French capital in the early part of the suited his own convenience to observe them, last year, ought to prove to the French, that whose word, the only assurance he can afford for this is not a war against their freedom and his peaceable disposition, is not less in direct op-independence, or excited by any spirit of abiposition to the tenor of his former life, than it is to the military position in which he is actually placed. They feel that they should neither perform their duty to themselves or to the people committed by Providence to their charge, if they were now to listen to those professions of a desire for peace which have been made, and suffer themselves thus to be lulled into the supposition that they might now relieve their people from the burthen of supporting immense military masses, by diminishing their forces to a peace establishment, convinced as the several Sovereigns are from past experience, that no sooner should they have been disarmed, than advantage would be taken of their want of preparation, to renew those scenes of aggression and bloodshed, from which they had hoped that the peace so gloriously won at Paris, would long have secured them. They are at war, then, for the purpose of obtaining some security for their own independencé, and for the re-conquest of that peace and permanent tranquillity, for which the world has so long panted. They are not even at war for the greater or less portion of security which France can afford them of future tranquillity, but because France, under its present chief, is unable to afford them any security whatever. In this war, they do not desire to interfere with any legitimate right of the French people; they have no design to oppose the claim of that nation tó choose their own form of Government, or intention to trench, in any respect, upon their inde pendence as a great and free people: but they do think they have a right, and that of the highest nature, to contend against the re-estab

tion, or desire of conquest, but one arising out of
necessity, urged on the principles of self-preser-
vation, and fonuded on that legitimate and incon
trovertible right of obtaining reasonable security
for their own tranquillity and independence-to
which, if France has on her part a claim, other
nations have an equal title to claim at the hands
of France. I-this day laid before the Plenipoten.
tiaries of the Three Allied Powers in couference,
the Note proposed to be delivered upon the ex-
change of the ratifications of the Treaty of the
25th March. After the opinions which I have
detailed as those with which the Allied Sove-
reigns are impressed, with respect to the object
of the war, it is scarcely necessary for me to add,
that the explanation afforded in this Note,
as the construction put by his Royal Highness
the Prince Regent on the eighth article of that
Treaty, was favourably received. Immediate
instructions will consequently be issued to
the Ambassadors of the Imperial Courts of
Austria and Russia, and to the Minister of his
Prussian Majesty, to accept of this Note on the
exchange of the ratifications of the Treaty in
question. In order to be assured that I have ad-
vanced nothing in this dispatch, which does not
accord with the views of the Cabinets of the Al-
lied Sovereigns, I have acquainted the Plenipo-
tentiaries of the high Allied Powers with the
contents thereof, and have the honour to inform
yon, that the sentiments contained in it entirely
coincide with those of their respective Courts.
I have the honour to be &c.
(Signed)

CLANCARTY.

Printed and Published by G. HOUSTON, No. 192, Strand; where all Communicatious addressed to the Editor, are requested to be forwarded.

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