&c.

Contrib. largely to Blackwood's Mag., Dublin Univ. Mag., Anstey, Christopher, 1724-1805, was a son of the Rev. Christopher Anstey, Rector of Brinkeley, in Cambridgeshire. He pub. a number of works, 1766-1804; but his fame rests upon The New Bath Guide, one of the most popular poems of the day, pub. in Lon., 1766. Dodsley gave £200 for the copyright, which Anstey bestowed in aid of the hospital at Bath. The publisher declared that the profits on the sale were greater than he had ever gained in the same period by any other book, and in 1777 he returned it to the author.

"There are a thousand strains of humour in these high wrought Epistles, some of which do not occur to you at the first reading: -si propius, te capiet magis:-the author frequently heightens and enriches his humour by parodies and imitations."-Lon. Monthly Review, 1766.

Smollett has borrowed so largely from Anstey, that Humphrey Clinker may almost be called The New Bath Guide in Prose, so far as characters and situations are concerned.

"But Anstey's diverting satire was but a slight sketch compared to the finished and elaborate manner in which Smollett has, in the first place, identified his characters, and then filled them with language, sentiments, and powers of observation in exact correspondence with their talents, temper, condition, and disposition."

-SIR WALTER SCOTT.

Several authors, who shall be nameless, have committed a grave error in charging Anstey with borrowing from Smollett; whereas The New Bath Guide was published in 1766, whilst Humphrey Clinker was not written until 1770, and was published in 1771.

Anstey, John, son of the preceding. The Pleader's Guide. A Didactic Poem, Lon., 1796. The Poet. Works of the late Christopher Anstey, Esq., &c., Lon., 1808. Anstey, T. C. Guide to the Laws of England affecting Roman Catholics, Lon., 1842.

"This is the only professed treatise upon the laws of Great Britain relative to the Roman Catholics, and contains much valuable information respecting Nonconformists of every denomination. The author has ably discussed the conflict of imperial with local laws-a branch of the conflict of laws that Mr. Justice Story and Mr. Burge have omitted in their treatise upon the Conflict of Laws. He is also of opinion that confessions made to a Catholic clergyman are, upon legal principles, privileged communications. Mr. Anstey's work is a complete and valuable treatise upon the rights and liabilities of Catholics. 24 L. O. 535; E. Jurist, 25 E." Marvin's Legal Bibl.

Lectures on Laws and Constitution of England, p. 8vo. Anstice, Robt. Work on Wheel-Carriages, Lon., 1790. Inquiry into Laws of Falling Bodies, Lon., 1794. Anstie, J. Works upon Commerce, Lon., 1787-1802. Anstis, John, 1699-1745, a learned heraldic writer, and Garter king-at-arms, was born at St. Neot's, in Cornwall, and educated at Oxford, and at the Middle Temple. He was M.P. in the reigns of Anne and George I. He left a number of very curious and laborious works in MS. Of his published essays the most important are, The Register of the most noble Order of the Garter, Lon., 1724, 2 vols. folio; usually called The Black Book, from its black velvet cover. Observations introductory to an Historical Essay on the Knighthood of the Bath, Lon., 1725. Anstruther, Alex. Reports of Cases in the Court of Exchequer from E. T. 32 George III. to T. T. 37 Geo. III., Lon., 1796-97, 3 vols. 2d ed., Lon., 1817.

"Anstruther's Reports are carefully and accurately compiled, and have always been considered a good authority."-Marvin's Legal Bibl.

Anstruther, Sir John. On Drill Husb., Lon., 1796. "He must have possessed a very ample and correct practical knowledge of agriculture."-DONALDSON: Agricult. Biog. Anstruther, Sir W. Essays, Moral and Divine, Edin., 1701.

Antes, J. Obs. on M. and C. of the Egyptians, Lon., 1800.

Anthon, Chas., LL.D., was born in the city of New York in 1797. In 1820 he was appointed adjunct Professor of Languages in Columbia College, New York, and in 1835 he was advanced to the station filled for many years by Professor Moore, and vacated by his resignation. He received the degree of LL.D. from his Alma Mater in 1831. Mr. Anthon's publications have been numerous. His edition of Lemprière's Classical Dictionary, was very favourably received, and immediately republished in England. In 1830 appeared his larger edition of Horace, with various

projected a classical series, which should comprise as well the text-books used in academies and schools preparatory to college, as those usually read in colleges and universiGreek and Latin authors. Dr. A. has pub. larger works ties. This series includes some of the most important on Ancient Geography, Greek and Roman Antiquities, Mythology, Literature, &c., in all about 50 vols.

Dr. Anthon's Classical Series has proved one of the most successful enterprises of the kind in America. Anthon, Charles E. Pilgrimage to Treves in 1844, N. York, 12mo.

Anthon, Henry. Easy Catechism, N. York, 18mo. Catechism on the Church Homilies; Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, N. York, 18mo.

Anthon, John, b. at Detroit, 1784, an eminent American lawyer and legal writer, brother of Chas. Anthon, LL.D. Essay on the Study of Law; improved and finally prefixed to Mr. A.'s Analysis of Blackstone.

"This essay is worth the perusal of the legal aspirant."-Marvin's Legal Bibl. Notes to Tidd's Practice. Analysis of Blackstone, 2d ed., Phila., 1832, 8vo.

Especially valuable in this country, because it is prepared with peculiar reference to our circumstances." "It cannot fail to be a great favourite with elementary students."-Hoffman's Leg. Stud. 160.

Nisi Prius Cases; 2 edits. The Law Student-American Digest, 1 vol. Edited by J. A. :-Booth on Real Actions; American Precedents, 1821, 8vo, 4th ed.; West Brookfield, 1848, 8vo; Espinasse's Nisi Prius. Shepherd's Touchstone. Oration, July 4, 1812. Coutribution to the American Jurist.

Anthony, Elliot. A Digest of Cases in the Supreme Court of Illinois from 1819 to 1854, Philadelphia, 1855, 8vo. Anthony, Dr. Francis, 1550-1623, a noted empiric and chemist, was the father of the controversy concerning the Aurum Potabile, in which Dr. Gwinne and Dr. John Cotta took part. He declared that he could produce an extract, or honey, of gold, which he calls the "Universal Medicine," from its marvellous effects upon the human system. His first treatise on this subject was published in 1598. In 1610 he pub. Medicinæ Chymicæ et veri potabilis Auri Assertio, &c.

Anthony, John, 1587-1655, son of the preceding. Lucas Redivivus, or the Gospel Physician, prescribing (by way of Meditation) Divine Physic, to prevent diseases not yet entered upon the Soul, and to cure those maladies which have already seized upon the Spirit, Lon., 1656. The Comfort of the Soul, 1654.

So great was the demand for the father's Aurum Potabile, that the son made a handsome living by its sale. Anthony, Susanna, of Rhode Island. Extracts from her writings were pub. by Dr. Hopkins, 2d ed., 1810. Antill, Ed., of N. Jersey. Cultivation of the Vine. Amer. Trans., i. 181, 1789. Method of Curing Figs. Ib. i. 266.

Antisel, Thos. Manual of Agricultural Chemistry, 12mo. 2. Irish Geology.

"These little works are worth notice."-Donaldson's Agricult. Biog. Änton, Robt., a minor poet temp. James I. Vice's Anatomy Scourged and Corrected; or, the Philosopher's Satyrs, Lon., 1616.

"These satires possess little claim on the reader's notice, although there are a few slight notices of the eminent poets contemporary with this almost-forgotten author."-Rose's Biog. Dict.

Antrobus, Benj. Buds and Blossoms of Piety, with some Fruit of the Spirit of Love, Lon., 1691.

Antrobus, J. 1. Clifton; a Poem, Lon., 12mo. 2. Parental Wisdom, 8vo. 3. Pilgrim's Dream, and other Poems, 12mo. 4. Student's Manual, 1840, p. 8vo. 5. Wrongs of Poland; a Poem, 8vo.

Antrobus, R. Brevia Selecta; or, Choice Writs, collected out of the writings of R. Antrobus and T. Impy, Lon., 1663.

Antrobus, Thos., Surgeon, Liverpool. An Amputation of a Leg, without any subsequent Hæmorrhage, Med. Obs. and Inq. ii. p. 152, 1762.

Anvers, Alicia D'. See D'ANVERS.
Anvers, Caleb D'. See D'ANVERS.
Anvers, Henry D'. See D'ANVERS.
Anvers, K. D'. See D'ANVERS.

Anwick. Med. upon God's Monarchie, Lon., 1587.
Anyan, T. Sermons Acts x. 34, 35. Ps. i. 3, Lon., 1612.
Apletre, J. Proposals rel. to Raw Silk, Lon. 1719.

8vo.

Apperley, T. Observations on Physic, Lon., 1731. Applegarth, H. The Common Law Epitomized, Lon., 1660.

Applegarth, Robt., formerly a Quaker, became a member of the Church of England, and wrote Apology for the Two Ordinances of Jesus Christ, by the Holy Communion and Baptism, recommended to the Quakers, Lon., 1789. Mr. Applegarth pub. some other works on Theology and Political Economy, 1776-92.

Appleton, Mrs. Eliz. 1. Private Education, 1815. "Many practical directions are given in this volume which will

be really useful to those who undertake the education of children." -Lon. Monthly Review.

This lady had been governess in the family of the Earl of Leven and Melville. 2. Edgar; a National Tale, 3 vols. 1810.

Appleton, Jesse, D.D., 1772-1819, was the second President of Bowdoin College. He pub. several sermons,

1797-1818.

Appreece. See RHESE, JOHN David. Apsley, Sir Allen. Order and Disorder; or the World made and undone, Lon., 1679. A Poem.

Apthorp, East, 1732-1816, an Episcopal minister, was the son of Charles Apthorp, a merchant of Boston, New England. He studied at Jesus College, Cambridge, England, and in 1790 became prebend of Finsbury in St. Paul's Cathedral. He pub. a number of Theological works, 1761-86, some of which are held in high estimation. Letter on the Prevalence of Christianity before its civil establishment with observations on a late History of the Decline of the Roman Empire, Lon., 1778.

This is one of the many answers to the illogical insinuations of Gibbon in the above-named work.

"The author has enriched this work with many learned remarks, and especially with a catalogue of civil and ecclesiastical historians, which the reader will find to be very useful."-BISHOP WATSON. Discourses on Prophecy, 2 vols., 1786.

"These discourses were read at the Warburtonian Lectures, at which the celebrated Discourses of Bishop Hurd were also delivered; and are not unworthy of the object which the learned prelate had in view in the establishment of that foundation. The topics embraced by Dr. Apthorp are, the history of prophecy; Canons of Interpretation; prophecies of the birth of Christ; chronological characters of the Messiah; theological characters of the Messiah; prophecies of the death of Christ; of the kingdom of Christ; characters of Antichrist; the mystic Tyre, and the origin and progress of the Reformation. These subjects are discussed with considerable ability and originality, and abound with clear and satisfactory views of the great doctrines of Christianity."-ORME. "A most excellent and highly-esteemed work."-Low NDES. Arbuckle, Jas., 1700-1734. 1. Hibernicus's Letters, pub. in the Dublin Journal, Lon., 1729, 2 vols. 2. Poems. Arbuthnot, Rev. Alexander, 1538-1582, was Principal of the University of Aberdeen. He edited Buchanan's History of Scotland, pub. 1582. His only production is his Orationes de Origine et Dignitate Juris., Edin., 1572. He was very serviceable to the Church of Scotland. James VI. was much displeased at his editing Buchanan's History. See Delit. Poet. Scot. for Latin verses by Thomas Maitland, and an epitaph by Andrew Melvil, both in honour of our author.

Arbuthnot, Arch. Life, &c., of Lord Lovat, Lon., 1746. Life, &c., of Miss Jenny Cameron, Lon., 1746.

Dr. W.'s Account, &c., which at once established his fame. In 1700, he pub. a treatise On the Usefulness of Mathematical Learning, which increased his reputation. An interesting paper On the Regularity of the Births of both Sexes, (a most conclusive proof of a superintending Providence,) procured his election in 1704 into the Royal Society. In 1712 appeared the first part of The History of John Bull, intended to ridicule Marlborough, and dissatisfy the nation with the war. There "never was a political allegory managed with more exquisite humour, or with a more skilful adaptation of characters and circumstances." Swift, in his Journal to Stella, and Pope, in Spence's Anecdotes, both attribute this work to Arbuthnot, and certainly their testimony should settle the question. Arbuthnot published a number of other works, the most celebrated of which was Tables of Ancient Coins, Weights, and Measures; 2d ed.,1727. "Although there are several inaccuracies in it, which could hardly be avoided in so intricate a subject, it is a work of great merit, and has ever since been considered as the standard authority."-Encyc. Britannica.

2 vols. in 1751, were publicly denied by his son to be his The "Miscellaneous Works of Dr. Arbuthnot," pub. in father's productions.

"Positive as is this assurance, and though some few may be spurious, the style and character of many fully prove them to be genuine."-Rose's Biog. Dict.

Arbuthnot and his intimate friends, Pope, Gray, and Swift, The celebrated Scriblerus Club was formed in 1714. together with Harley, Atterbury, and Congreve, were members of this brilliant circle. The object of these wits was to "ridicule all the false tastes in learning, under the character of a man of capacity enough, that had dipped into every art and science, but injudiciously in each."-POPE. fruits, The First Book of Martinus Scriblerus, The Travels The club was not of long continuance, but we have as its of Gulliver, and The Art of Sinking in Poetry.

"There seems to be every reason to believe, that of the three

pieces. Arbuthnot was the sole author of the first, Swift of the

second, and Pope of the last."—Retrosp. Review.

Dr. Johnson has asserted that no one was ever wiser, better, or merrier for reading the Memoirs of Scriblerus. During the last illness of Queen Anne, in 1714, Doctors Arbuthnot and Mead attended her majesty: to this Gay alludes in the Prologue to the Shepherd's Week:

"This leach Arbuthnot was yclept,

Who many a night not once had slept, But watched our gracious sovereign still; For who could rest while she was ill?" Swift replied to a lady who desired to know his opinion concerning Arbuthnot, "He has more wit than we all have, and his humanity is equal to his wit." In one of his poems, he laments that he is

"Far from his kind Arbuthnot's aid, Who knows his art, but not his trade." Dr. Johnson, when talking of the eminent writers in Queen Anne's reign, observed:

"I think Dr. Arbuthnot the first man among them. He was the most universal genius, being an excellent physician, a man of deep learning, and a man of much humour.""

Pope declared that he was fitter to live or die than any man he knew:

"His good morals were equal to any man's, but his wit and humour superior to all mankind."

"Oh if the world had but a dozen Arbuthnots in it, I would burn my travels! but. however, he is not without fault. There is a passage in Bede highly commending the piety and learning of the Irish in that age, where, after abundance of praises, he overthrows them all, by lamenting that, alas! they kept Easter at a wrong time of the year. So our doctor has every quality and virtue that can make a man amiable and useful, but, alas! he hath a sort of slouch in his walk."-DEAN SWIFT.

This slouch in the doctor's walk is noticed in a letter from Pope to Mr. Digby, in which, after recommending Arbuthnot to Mrs. Mary Digby, he says:

"But, indeed, I fear she would not walk with him, for, as Dean Swift observed to me the very first time I saw the doctor, 'He is a man that can do every thing but walk.'"

"Although he was justly celebrated for wit and learning, there was an excellence in his character more amiable than all his other

"This is the leading work on practice in England. In the United States, Tidd's Practice is probably in more general use than any other English book upon the common law practice, and 'has been universally allowed to be a model of completeness and accuracy. The reputation of Mr. Archbold's treatise, is mainiy attributable to its excellent arrangement and perspicuous style. 1t had passed through two editions, when Mr. T. Chitty frst edited the book, into which he has incorporated the changes made in the English practice, by the Uniformity of Process Act,' and the rules and decisions consequent upon its passage. Warren's Law Stu dies, 752; 1 Jurist, 46."-Marvin's Legal Bibl.

2. The Law and Practice in Bankruptcy, as founded on the recent statutes, 9th ed., by J. Flather, 12mo, Lon., 1842; 10th ed., 1844; 11th ed., by John Flather, 1858, 12mo. 3. A Summary of the Law relative to Pleading and Evidence in Criminal Cases, with the statutes, precedents of indictments, &c., and the evidence necessary to support them; 9th ed., by Sir J. Jervis, Knt., 12mo, Lon., 1843; 11th ed., by W. N. Welsby, 1849; 18th ed., by Welsby, Lon., 1856; 4th American ed., 8vo, New York, 1843; 5th, from 10th Lon. ed., 1846.

"Trifling as it may seem, it has cost me much time and great abour. I have taken infinite pains to simplify my subject; to reject every thing redundant or irrelevant; to compress the whole into the smallest possible compass consistent with perspicuity; and to clothe it in language plain, simple, and unadorned." "This treatise is a standard work of great practical utility in England and America."-Marvin's Legal Bibl.

4. A Digest of the Law relative to Pleadings and Evidence in Civil Actions; 2d ed., 12mo, Lon., 1837; 2d Amer. ed., from the 2d Lon. ed., N. York, 1838. 5. The New Practice of Attorneys in the Courts of Law at Westminster; with forms, including the recent statute as to attorneys; also an appendix, comprising questions of practice, 2 vols. 12mo, Lon., 1844; 3d ed., 1846, 1847.

"The author, feeling himself aggrieved at the liberties taken by Mr. Chitty, as editor of his treatise upon The Practice of the Court of Queen's Bench, appears to have prepared this book of Practice as a rival work to that altered by T. Chitty, 2 Jurist, 571."-Marvin's Legal Bibl.

6. Peel's Acts, and all other Criminal Statutes, passed from 1 G. IV. to the present time, including the criminal clauses of the Reform Act, with the forms of indictments, &c., and the evidence necessary to support them; 3d ed., 2 vols. 12mo, Lon., 1835.

"Peel's Acts, and the Statutes subsequently enacted upon the subject of the Pleas of the Crown, now form nearly an entire body of Crown Law; all the great offences (with the exception of High Treason) and many of the minor offences have been made the subject of their provisions. The present edition contains the whole of the Criminal Statutes passed since the 60th George III; and each section, defining an offence, is followed by the form of the indictment, &c., and the evidence necessary to support it."-Marvin's Legal Bibl.

7. Collection of Forms and Entries in the Courts of K. B. and C. P.; 2d ed., 12mo, Lon., 1828. 8. The Jurisdiction and Practice of the Court of Quarter Sessions, with forms of indictment, notices of appeals, &c., 12mo, Lon.,

1836.

"This production is in part compiled from the author's previous publications. Dickinson's treatise upon the same subject, written many years since, in consequence of the many changes in the law. has now little practical value. Mr. Archbold's book will be of great assistance to every professional man practising in the Court of Quarter Sessions, 1 Jurist, 61."-Marvin's Legal Bibl.

9. Digest of the Laws relative to offences against God and Religion, with the Laws which affect Protestant Dissenters and Roman Catholics, with the Toleration Act, 8vo, Lon., 1813. 10. Digest of the Pleas of the Crown, 8vo, Lon., 1813. "This is one of three volumes of a Digest of Criminal Law, that Mr. Archbold had prepared for the press, but about the time this volume was published, several similar books were issued, and the two remaining volumes never appeared. However, he has incor porated these parts of his unpublished Digest into his Summary of Pleading and Evidence in Criminal Cases, 9. V."-Marvin's Le gal Bibl.

11. Law relative to Commitments and Convictions by Justices of the Peace, with forms, 12mo, London, 1828. 12. Recent Criminal Statutes, with forms of indictment, notes, and index, 12mo, Lon., 1837. 13. The New Bankrupt Act, 5 and 6 Vict. c. 122, with observations, showing the alterations effected in the law and practice, arranged on the plan of, and intended as a supplement to, the 9th ed. of Archbold's Bankruptcy, &c. By John Flather, 12mo, Lon., 1842. 14. Justice of the Peace and Parish Officer, comprising the Law relative to their several duties, with all the necessary Forms of Commitments, Convictions, Orders, &c., 3d ed., 3 vols. 12mo, Lon., 1845; 4th ed., 1846; continued to 1850. The third volume of this work is also published separately under the title of Archbold's Poor Laws. 15. The Poor Laws. Comprising all the authorities to 1844; 4th ed., 8vo, Lon., 1845.

"Mr. Archbold has long since earned a fair and deserved reputa tion for the work of which this is the fourth edition. We think

it, upon the whole, the best of the Archboldiana. ... Its com

plained-of defects are the citing of manuscript cases, without re ferring to the volumes in which they were subsequently printed, unnecessarily increasing the perplexing distinctions which beset this vexed branch of the law, and the omission of the Title Bastardy."—Marvin's Legal Bibl.

"Notwithstanding its occasional sins of omission and hardihood, we find far more in this book to praise than to criticise, and pro nounce it, in every sense of the word, a useful work."-2 London Law Mag., N. S. 198.

16. The Law of Nisi Prius; comprising the Declarations and other Pleadings in Personal Actions, and the Evidence ed., 1845; 3d Amer. ed., annotated by Hon. J. K. Findlay, necessary to support them, 2 vols. 12mo, Lon., 1843; 2d Phila., 1853, 2 vols. 8vo.

The plan of this work is, to give under each head precedents of the various pleadings in strict accordance with the new system; the evidence necessary to support the various issues taken; and a concise and correct statement of the general law on all the topics treated of in the work.

"Mr. Archbold has no superior as a writer of practical works, whether we regard their number, or utility, and but one equal, Mr. Chitty. This treatise is more compressed than Mr. Stephen's Nisi Prius, treating only of personal actions, as assumpsit, account, debt, &c. This work is well arranged, and valuable as far as it goes. Warren's Law Stud. 772; 26 L. O. 31."-Marvin's Legal Bibl.

17. The Magistrate's Pocket Book, or an epitome of the duties and practice of a Justice of the Peace out of Sessions, alphabetically arranged, with forms of commitments; to which is added a copious and general index; 4th ed., (W. Robinson,) 1842, 12mo. 18. Practice in the Crown side of the Queen's Bench, with forms, &c., 12mo, Lon., 1844. "This work fully sustains the reputation of Mr. Archbold, and higher praise could not well be given."-Law Times.

19. Act for the Amendment of the Poor Laws 4 and 5 Wm. IV. c. 76, with a practical introduction, notes, and forms; 5th ed., 12mo, Lon., 1839. 20. Summary of the Law relative to Appeals against orders of removal, against rates, and against orders of filiation; together with the Practice of the Court of Quarter Sessions in Appeals; 2d ed., 2 vols. 12mo, Lon., 1831. New System of Criminal Procedure, &c., 1852, 12mo; Amer. ed. by T. W. Waterman, N. York, 1852. In 1811, this useful writer published an edition of Blackstone's Commentaries, with notes, in 4 vols. royal 8vo. He is the author of several legal compilations, &c., in addition to those above noticed. For Mr. Archbold's invaluable labours the thanks of the profession, and the gratitude of the public at large, are eminently due.

Archbold, John. Serm. on 1 Pet. i. 16, Lon., 1621. Archdale, John. A new Description of the fertile and pleasant Province of Carolina, Lon., 1707. This gentleman was governor of Carolina, 1695-1701?

"A captain of a vessel from Madagascar, on his way to Great Britain, anchored off Sullivan's Island, and made a present to the governor of a bag of seed rice, which he had brought from the East. This rice the governor divided among some of his friends, who agreed to make an experiment. The success equalled their expec tation, and from this small beginning arose the staple commodity of Carolina."

Archdall, Mervyn, 1723–1791, an "exemplary Protestant divine and learned antiquary," was a native of Dublin. He prepared himself, by forty years of zealous labour, for the compilation of his Monasticon Hibernicum; or, an History of the Abbeys, Priories, and other Religious Houses in Ireland, Dublin, 1786.

"It contains many particulars which will gratify the antiquary's curiosity. . . . It is the more valuable on account of its being compiled from authentic official records, the truth of which cannot be called in question."-Lon. Monthly Review, 1786.

"The late learned Dr. Pocock. Bishop of Ossory and of Meath, pointed out the method here adopted, procured many necessary documents, and had the goodness to encourage the author with solid favours. . . . We sincerely congratulate the sister kingdom on such a compilation."-Lon. Gentleman's Magazine, 1786.

In 1789 our learned author pub. an edition of Lodge's Peerage of Ireland, which he increased from four to seven volumes.

"The cause of the extension of the latter work, however, is attributed to Mrs. Archdall's skill in deciphering the short-hand notes of Mr. Lodge."-Rose's Biog. Dict.

Let Mrs. Archdall's name be handed down from antiquary to antiquary to the end of time!

Archdekin, (called also Mac Gilla Cuddy,) Richard, 1619-1690? a Jesuit, was a native of Kilkenny. He pub. several theological works, which enjoyed extensive popularity. His Essay on Miracles was pub. (Louvanii) 1667. The Theologica Triparta Universa reached the eleventh edition in 1700. "At the time the eighth edition was undertaken, there were 16,000 copies of this work disposed

of, and a great demand for more."

Archer, A. Serm. on Victory at Blenheim, 1704. Archer, C. Observ. on the Effect of Oxygen, &c.,

Lon., 1798.

"Armstrong was a man of genius; but his attempted contempt of learning much disfigures his orations. He never failed to embrace any opportunity to hold up to ridicule the learning of schools and colleges, and to treat with neglect the claims of learned practitioners."-Rose's Biog. Dict.

Contributed to Edin. Med. and Surg. Jour.; Med. Intel.; and Trans. of the Associated Apothecaries of England and Wales. Published Ann. Rep. of the Fever Hospital alternately with Dr. Cleverley. His Lectures appeared in The Lancet, 1825; and again, after his death, in a separate form, edited by one of his pupils. Lectures on the Morbid Anatomy, Nature, and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Discases, by the late John Armstrong, M.D.; edited by Joseph Rix, 8vo, Lon., 1834. See Mem. of the Life and Medical Opinions of J. Armstrong, M.D., and by Francis Boot, M.D., vols. 8vo, Lon., 1834.

Armstrong, John. Hist. of the Is. of Minorca, 1752. Armstrong, John, Vicar of Tidenham. The Pastor in his Closet, or, A Help to the Devotions of the Clergy, Oxf., 1847.

Armstrong, Col. John. History of the Navigation of the Port of King's Lyn and of Cambridge, &c., Lon. 1725. "In 1766, the old title, prefaces, and contents, were cancelled, and new ones printed, and after the table of contents is an addition of an Abstract, consisting of two pages."-LOWNDES.

Armstrong, John, 1771-1797, pub. Juvenile Poems, &c., Lon., 1789. Under the fictitious name of Albert, he pub. 1. Confidential Letters from the Sorrows of Werter, Lon., 1790. 2. Sonnets from Shakspeare, Lon., 1791.

Armstrong, John, General in the U. S. army, 17581843, a native of Carlisle, Penna. Newburg Addresses. Treatise upon Gardening. Treatise upon Agriculture. Review of Genl. Wilkinson's Memoirs. War of 1812, 2 vols. Biographical Notice. Gen. A. had partially prepared a History of the American Revolution.

Armstrong, John, D.D., late Lord-Bishop of Grahamstown, d. 1856. 1. Parochial Sermons; 2d ed., Lon., 1857, fp. 8vo. 2. Pastor in his Closet; 2d ed., 1857. fp. 8vo, 3. Sermons on the Festivals, 1857. 4. Essays on Church Penitentiaries, 1858. 5. Tracts for the Christian Seasons; 1st and 2d Series, 8 vols. 6. Sermons for the Christian Seasons, 4 vols. 7. Tracts for Parochial Use, 7 vols. 8. National Miscellany, 4 vols. 8vo. See Life by Rev. T. T. Carter, M.A., Rector of Clewer; with an Introduction by Samuel, Lord-Bishop of Oxford, fp. 8vo, 1857.

Armstrong, Leslie. The Anglo-Saxons, Lon., 1806. Armstrong, M.J. Geographical Works, Lon.,1776-91. Armstrong, Macartney, and Ogle. Reports of Cases Civ. and Crim., 2 B. C. P., &c., Dublin, 1843. Armstrong, R. A. Gaelic Dictionary, Lon., 1825. Armstrong, Robt. El. of the Lat. Tongue, Lon., 1798. Armstrong, Simon, M.D. Con. to Annals of Med., vi. 370, 1801.

Armstrong, Wm. Work on Military Tactics, Lon.,

1808.

Armstrong, Wm. Theolog. Treatises, 1796-1812. Arnald, Richard, 1696?-1756, a Fellow of Emmanuel College, Camb., pub. a number of works, chiefly theological, 1726-1752. He is best known as the author of the Commentary on the Apocryphal Writings, which generally accompanies the Commentaries of Patrick, Lowth, and Whitby.

"A judicious and valuable work."-LOWNDES.

"This valuable commentary is deservedly held in high estimation."-T. H. HORNE.

"The five volumes by Patrick. Lowth. and Arnald contain the

best commentary on the Old Testament and the Apocrypha which we have in the English language."-BISHOP WATSON.

In the 2d edition, Arnald's Commentary was enriched by the notes of Jeremiah Markland, for an account of which, and of the literary character of Arnald, see Nichols's Literary Anecdotes.

"The Commentary of Arnald, which was published at first in separate parts, is the only English work on the subject. It is gene rally judicious, and affords considerable assistance in understand ing these books."—ORME.

The Commentaries of Patrick, Lowth, Whitby, Lowman, and Arnald have been published together in four royal 8vo volumes, and form a valuable manual for the

musical composer, is of interest to literary men from his Arne, Thos. Augustine, 1710-1778, a celebrated being the son of Thomas Arne, the upholsterer, the person supposed to have been intended by Addison in his character of the Politician, in Nos. 155 and 160 of The Tatler. In 1738 Arne produced music for Milton's masque of Comus. "In this masque he introduced a light, airy, original, and pleasing melody, wholly different from Purcell and Handel, whom all English composers had hitherto pillaged or imitated. Indeed, the melody of Arne at this time, and of his Vauxhall songs afterwards, forms an era in English music; it was so easy, natural, and agree able to the whole kingdom, that it had an effect upon our national taste."-Dr. Burney.

The well-known song of "Rule Britannia" was first introduced in Mallet's masque of Alfred, set by Arne in 1740. "The general melody of our countryman, if analyzed, would perhaps appear to be neither Italian nor English, but an agreeable mixture of Italian, English, and Scots.... From the death of Purcell to that of Arne-a period of more than fourscore yearsno candidate for musical fame among our countrymen had appeared,

who was equally admired by the nation at large."-DR. BURNEY. Arnett, J. A. An Inquiry into the Nature and Form of the Books of the Ancients; with a History of the Art of Bookbinding, Lon., 1837.

The

Arnold, A. C. L. History of Free Masonry, 1854. Arnold, C. Poetical Essays: Distress, 1751. Mirror, 1755. Bookbinders' School of Design, 4to. Arnold, C. H. Hist. of N. and S. America, &c., 1782. Arnold, Edmund. Sermons, 1740-45. Arnold, Edwin, M.A. 1. Poems, Narrative and Lyrical, Lon., 12mo. 2. Griselda, a Tragedy; and other Poems, 1856, fp. 8vo. 3. The Wreck of the Northern Belle, 1857, 8vo.

Arnold, Fred., Curate of St. Mary de Crypt, Gloucester. Sermons, Lon., 1840.

Arnold, John. Works upon Chronometers, Lon., 1780-82.

Arnold, Josiah Lynden, 1768-1796, of Providence, Rhode Island, was the author of some poetical essays.

Arnold, Matthew, a son of Dr. Thomas Arnold, of Rugby, b. Dec. 24, 1822, at Satcham, near Staines, Middlesex, England, educated at Winchester, Rugby, and Oxford, and elected a Fellow of Oriel College in 1845. In 1847 he became private secretary to Lord Lansdowne, and he retained that position until his marriage in 1851, when he was appointed to the post which he now occupies,-Lay Inspector of Schools under the Committee of the Council of Education. He was elected Prof. of Poetry in Univ. of Oxford, 1857. 1. The Strayed Reveller, and other Poems, by A., Lon., 1848. Commended in the London Athenæum, 1848, 982. 2. Empedocles on Etna, and other Poems, 1853. 3. Poems, June, 1854. 4. Poems; 2d Series, Dec. 1854, Bost., 1856; 1st Series, 3d ed., 1857. "For combined culture and fine natural feeling in the matter of versification, Mr. Arnold has no living superior. Though sometimes slovenly in the versification of his smaller poems, when he is put upon his mettle by a particular affection for his subject, he manages the most irregular' and difficult metres with admirable skill and feeling."-Edin. Rev., Oct. 1856, q. v.

4. Merope; a Tragedy, fp. 8vo. See Lon. Athen, No. 1575, Jan. 2, 1858.

"His narrative poems are better than his lyric. In more than one of the latter he has aimed at a simplicity which, on proof, turns out to be puerility."-Lom. Athen., 1854, 305.

Arnold, R. Writing, Arithmetic, and Mathematics, 1792.

chronicler, compiler of a work, the first edition of which Arnold, or Arnolde, Richard, an ancient English is very rare: The Names of the Balyfs, Custos, Mayres, and Sherefs of ye Cite of London from the Tyme of Kynge Richard the first, &c., (1502?) This book is commonly called Arnold's Chronicle. The second edition, published circa 1521, is also of rare occurrence; a copy sold at the sale of George Mason's library, in 1798, for £15 158. 6d. The basis of the Chronicle is supposed to be the MS. in the town-clerk's office, (London,) known as the Liber de Antiquis Legibus. An edition was published in 1811, (London,) with introductory matter entitled, The Customs of London, otherwise called Arnold's Chronicle. See this preface, by