71; through Barclay, 46. Proposes to send memorial to Lord Dartmouth demanding satisfaction for injuries to Massachusetts, 75. Dissuaded by Walpole from presenting memorial, id. Proposes in Congress 'Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union," 94. His eyesight failing, 112. Is appointed to negotiate union between the colonies and Canada, 117. Is obliged by illhealth to leave Canada and returns to New York, 125. Advises Washington to permit Joseph Belton to experiment in destruction of enemy's ships, 126. Submits to Congress sketch of propositions for peace between Great Britain and the United States, 128; and is appointed one of the commissioners to the court of France, note. Is appointed by Congress to confer with Lord Howe on subject of reconciliation, 143, and suggests to Lord Howe a meeting at Amboy, 143.
In France: Arrives at Auray in Brittany, 148. Describes voyage and future intentions, 150. Summarizes results of war of independence up to his departure from America, 152. Hears that the French government has secretly shipped field-pieces etc., to United States, 157. Is described by the French police, 169. His feeling about rumors and spies, 170. Demands from Congress remittance of allotment for expenses, 171. Observes Paris fashions, 175. Predicts ruin of England, 177. Willingly defers private grievances to public affairs, 178-180, 347. His opinions on privateering, 182. Describes his own apIs believed to pearance, 185. be author of satirical letter from Count de Schaumbergh to Baron Hohendorf, 191. Refuses mission to Spain, 198, 199. His objections to the United States suing for foreign alli
ances, 201; and occupation of de Chaumont's house at Passy, note. His rules for correspondence with strangers, 203. Discourages French officers from going to United States on the chance of obtaining commissions, 209, 218, 221, 223. His opinions on letters of recommendation, 219, 220; and model of one, note. His opinions on Lord North's bill proposing compromise with colonies, 257259. Proposes a conference with English commissioners in Paris, 259. Is lionized in Paris, 261. Defends himself and Silas Deane against Arthur Lee's charges of negligence, courtesy, etc., 277-284. Refuses to consider a peace with Great Britain which includes offensive alliance against France, 293-296. Declines to permit Lee's supervision of his private expenses, 300. Declines dedication of print in which he thinks himself unduly praised, 308. His opinions on export duties, 323. His notes on his health, 333. His personal-expense accounts with Congress, 350. Describes home at Passy, 427. Is appointed Minister Plenipotentiary France, 429, note. His gratification on appointment, 433. His contentment with life, VIII. 8. Is presented at court as Minister Plenipotentiary, 23. Acknowledges credentials from Congress and announces their presentation at court, 69, 70. Refers to personal abuse by Lee and Izard, 89, 94. His pleasure in society of his grandsons, 96, 100. Describes mecallions and portraits of himself, 98. His printing-house in Virginia sold, 108. His anxiety about granting of supplies by France, 123; and hopes of procuring them, 129. Is bothered for money by various public servants, 132. Will not encourage project to raise foreign
regiment for service of United
States, 150. Is troubled by
continued unexpected drafts,
151. Refers to his popularity
in France and death of old
friends, 152. Desires abolition
of war, 174. Compares social
customs of different countries,
206. Refutes misrepresenta-
tions of British Commissioner
Johnstone, 210-214. Gets tired
of sitting for his portrait, 266.
His remedy for gout, 274. His
instructions from Congress as
Minister Plenipotentiary to
court of France, 331. Tenders
his resignation to Congress, 382.
Is entertained by the Countess
d'Houdetot, 402. His feelings
in favor of free trade, 426.
appointed one of five ministers
to negotiate peace, 434. His
resignation declined by Con-
gress, IX. 20. Is anxious to
recover drafts of his letters
written while in England, 28.
Desires to finish creditably his
financial operations in France,
168. Receives honors from
Academy of Science and Arts
at Padua, 181. His apprecia-
tion of Cowper's poems, 209.
Desires to visit his friends in
England, 213. Reflects on com-
parative merit of animate and
inanimate works of nature, 214.
Regrets his want of time for
scientific studies, 218. Reflects
on the greater use of printing
than oratory, 221. His opin-
ions on the futility of polemics,
225; and of dedications, 226.
Believes militia preferable to
standing army, 239; and that
after peace the United States
will disband regular troops,
240. His journal of the nego-
tiations for peace with Great
Britain, 248. Receives Mr.
Oswald, Lord Shelburne's rep-
resentative, 253.. Introduces
him to Count de Vergennes,
254. Writes to Lord Shelburne
account of interview with Mr.
Oswald and Vergennes, 256.
Notes for conversation with
Oswald, 262. Introduces Mr.
Thomas Grenville to Count de
Vergennes, 286. Their inter-
view, id. Anecdote of visit to
Count du Nord, son of the Czar
of Russia, 299. Necessary and
advisable provisions of treaty
of peace stated to Oswald by,
375, note. Of the misunder-
standing with Count de Ver-
gennes over the conclusion of
the preliminary articles of
peace by the American commis-
sioners without consulting
French ministry, X. 49-57.
Proposes to abolish privateer-
ing and neutralize non-com-
batants and their property, 69.
Justifies signature of prelimi-
naries of treaty without know-
ledge of French ministry, 132.
Desires to be permitted to re-
sign, 140. Writes to Jay and
Adams for vindication from
accusation that he had favored
French opposition to full grant
of rights of fishery to Americans
in treaty, 169. Jay's reply, 179.
Adams' reply, 184. Note on
this subject, 169. His opinions
on fishery question, 183. Af-
flicted by the stone, 216. Of
his desire to be recalled, 234,
294. His interviews with Mr.
John Baynes and Sir Samuel
Romilly, 240. Of his enemies,
261; has none as a man, id.
Appointed by king of France
to investigate the theories of
Mesmer, 297, note. Replies to
British objections to form of
ratification of treaty by Con-
gress, 333. Is chosen member
of the Royal Academy of His-
tory at Madrid, 360, 381. Sug-
gests air-tight compartments in
packet boats sailing between
England and America, 364, 365.
Renews correspondence with
his son William, 403. Receives
from Congress leave to return
to America, XI. 25, 35. Ac-
count of an electric shock re-
ceived by, in 1774, 34. Requests
Count de Vergennes to present
his farewell to king of France,
35. Of his salary and accounts
with Congress, 59. Is chosen
an associate of the Academy of
Sciences, Belles Lettres, and
Arts at Lyons, 70. Leaves
Passy for Havre and arrives at
Southampton, 81, 82. On re-
turn home receives address of
Pennsylvania Assembly, and of
University of Pennsylvania, and
replies, 182-185. Account of
his journey from Paris to South-
ampton in 1785, 194. Receives
further addresses, and replies,
202. Rumor of his capture by
the Algerines, 206. Of a million
of livres loaned by France and
unaccounted for, 258, 268, 278-
280; paid Beaumarchais, 300,
note. Is chosen President of
Pennsylvania, 212; chosen a
second time, 308, 312. His
health and public life in 1787,
309. Expects to take part in
constitutional convention, 313.
His constant attendance at
convention, 353, 390. Third
time President of Pennsylvania,
391, 408. His health and cir-
cumstances in 1788, 418. Fa-
vors Washington for first Presi-
dent, 431. Comments on con-
stitutional term of President of
United States, 443; on his
health, XII. 3, 4; on the con-
tinuation of his memoirs, XI.
444, XII. 7. Mentions loss of
papers and letters, XII. 17.
Complains of ill-treatment from
Congress, 20. Enumeration of
his services to the United
States, 23. Requests a settle-
ment of his accounts by Con-
gress, 29-31, note.
His happy
life in 1789, 65. Health breaks
and he is unable to finish me-
moirs, 128. Further reference
to ill-health, 137, 145. Chosen
member of Academy of Sciences
at St. Petersburg, 152. His por-
trait desired for Yale College,
183. His religious opinions,
185. His death, 195, note; pro-
ceedings in Congress thereupon,
199, note; in the National As-
sembly in France, 200. His
funeral and will, 199, 200. His
epitaph, 224. His desire to
live in England permanently,
290. Predicts that reign of
George III. will be happy and
glorious, 291; vindicates him-
self from charge that he ob-
structed his Majesty's service
in America (1764), 294. His
services to Braddock, Shirley,
and Loudoun, id. Anger and
malice of Proprietary party
against, 296. His feelings in
regard to attack upon him be-
fore privy council, 337.
FRANKLIN, JAMES, establishes
New England Courant, I. 55.
Is censured and imprisoned, 58.
Resents Benjamin's visit, 72.
FRANKLIN, JANE. See MECOM,
JANE.
FRANKLIN, JOHN, death of, III.
FRANKLIN, JOSIAH, Benjamin's
father. His birthplace at Ecton
visited, III. 237.
FRANKLIN, PETER, brother of
Benjamin, III. 259. His death,
IV. 239.
FRANKLIN, SAMUEL, nephew of
Benjamin, IV. 300.
FRANKLIN, SARAH, daughter of
Benjamin, of her proposed
marriage, IV. 297. Her mar-
riage to Richard Bache, 302,
note. Her patriotism, VIII.
363.
Franklin, State of, named after
Dr. Franklin, XI. 257, 273;
who is consulted by Sevier in
dispute between North Caro-
lina and, 304.
Franklin Stove.
Pennsylvania.
FRANKLIN, THOMAS, uncle of Ben-
jamin, account of, III. 238.
Franklin, town of, receives pres-
ent of books from Dr. Franklin,
XI. 20, 21, note, 24.
FRANKLIN, WILLIAM, son of Ben-
jamin, account of, by his father,
II. 270.
William Strahan's
opinion of, III. 205. Summary
of his career, 429, note. Ap-
pointed governor of New Jer-
sey, 429. His sentiments on
the colonial disputes, VI. 222.
Remains a royalist, VII. 349.
Renews friendly correspond-
ence with his father, X. 403.
Reported removal from gov-
ernorship of New Jersey, XII.
331, 337.
FRANKLIN, WILLIAM TEMPLE, in-
herits his grandfather Benja-
min's papers and MSS., I. vi.
and XII. 198, 209. Is accused
of accepting money from Brit-
ish government for withholding
his grandfather's MSS., with
correspondence, refutation of
charge and criticism, I. viii.-
xviii. His edition of Franklin,
xviii. His disposition of ori-
ginal MSS., marriage and
death, xx. His affection for his
grandfather, VIII. 96. Is re-
commended for diplomatic po-
sition by his grandfather, 384.
Of his compensation as private
secretary to his grandfather in
France, IX. 418. Further ef-
forts of his grandfather to ob-
tain diplomatic position for, X.
236, 328-331.
Free Blacks, plan for transacting
business of the Society for the
Relief of, XII. 135.
Free Trade, Franklin's views on,
as between England and Ire-
land, XI. 27.
GAGE, General, his treacherous
conduct towards people of Bos-
ton, VII. 81. His perfidy to
the people of Boston, XII. 116.
GALLOWAY, JOSEPH, preface to
speech of, on petition to king
to change form of government
of Pennsylvania, IV. 72. His
statement of evil results of pro-
prietary government, 406. His
plan of reconciliation before the
Continental Congress, VI. 430.
Franklin's criticism of plan, id.
GARANGER, Mr., introduced by
Franklin to Board of War, VII.
196.
GARDOQUI, M., sent by king of
Spain as Chargé d'Affaires to
United States, X., 422.
Gazette, Pennsylvania, dialogue
on public men appears in, I.
409. Letter from Celia Single,
418. Letter from Anthony
Afterwit, 421. Essay on Self-
denial not the essence of virtue,
426; On the usefulness of mathe-
matics, II. 3.; On true happiness,
7: On government, 10, 14; On
discoveries, 17; on Waste of life,
22; on Causes of earthquakes, 49.
GEBELIN, Count de, sketch of,
VIII. 409, note.
Gentleman's Magazine, Franklin
undertakes distribution of, in
America, XII. 269, 272.
GEORGE III., extract from his let-
ters to Lord North about hiring
of German mercenaries, VII.
193, 217, note; and from one
expressing his conviction that
Franklin was his most formid-
able enemy, 259, note. Frank-
lin's prediction in 1763 that
reign of, would be happy and
glorious, XII. 291.
Georgia, Franklin appointed agent
for, IV. 20. Parliamentary
grants to, VI. 57. Proceedings
in legislature of, on reappoint-
ment of Franklin as agent in
1774, 302, 327. Reference to
British force in, VIII. 13. Brit-
ish capture Savannah in, 20.
GERARD, M., appointed by France
Minister to Congress, VII. 277-
279; and Mr. Lee's objections,
Germans, undesirable emigration
of, to Pennsylvania, II. 233.
Observations on emigration of,
to Pennsylvania, and on the
character of the emigrants, 413.
Fears that they would out-
number the English, 414.
Princes of, hire soldiers to Brit-
ish for service in America, VII.
216; and George the Third's and
Frederick the Great's opinion
of their trade in mercenaries,
note.
GILLON, Commodore, his trouble
with Colonel Laurens, VIII.
442-443, note. Difficulties in
Holland about goods purchased
by, IX. 131, 145. Commands
the South Carolina frigate, X.
424, note.
Glass, qualities of, in relation to
electricity, II. 241. Whole
force of Leyden bottle in, 242.
Electrical battery made of, 243.
Great quantity of electrical
force and fire in, 249. An elec-
tric per se or non-conductor,
305. Strongly attracts electric
fluid, but resists the passage of
it, id. These qualities recon-
ciled and explained, 305-313.
Of the pores of, III. 69. Imper-
meability of, by electricity, 76.
Permeable when heated, 374-
376. Qualities necessary for
Leyden experiment, VI. 95,
121. More or less permeable by
electricity according to quality,
95. Importance of chemical
examination of, 95, 141.
Gnadenhut, fort built at, I.
280-282; and III. 119-121.
Franklin's account of military
and defensive operations at,
123.
Gordon Riots in London described,
VIII. 253, 256.
Government, essays on, II. 10, 14.
Governors, colonial, of the char-
acter and conduct of, IV. 382.
Of the proposal to make them
independent of colonial assem-
blies, V. 253, 280.
Franklin's
proposition for support of, in
'Hints of Terms to Secure Re-
conciliation," VII. 6.
GRAND, FERDINAND, banker for
United States in Paris, VII.
300. His family and friends,
338, note. Is accredited to dis-
cuss loan to United States with
M. Vergennes, 447. Proposition
to withdraw United States
business from, IX. 15; but not
acted on, 62.
GRANVILLE,
Lord, instructs
Franklin on duties of colonists,
I. 308, 309.
Grass, of the cultivation of, on
Franklin's farm, II. 193.
Great Britain, advantages to, of
union with colonies, VI. 158.
Inattention of people in, to
colonial matters, 170. Device
or picture emblematical of re-
sult of her colonial policy, 411,
note. Compared with United
States in regard to basis of
credit, VII. 159-167. Restitu-
tion of vessels by, demanded,
181. Concerning the hire of
foreign soldiers by, 192-195,
note. Opinion of Franklin ex-
pressed by king of, and com-
missioners to negotiate peace
appointed by him, 259, note.
Interferes with transport of
American products in French
vessels, 320. War between
France and, imminent, 327.
Indiscretion of her commis-
sioners in America, 344. Her
people's hatred of America,
424. Descent on her coast
towns contemplated, VIII. 14;
and plan abandoned, 43, note.
Speculations on invasion of,
115. Has no friends in Eu-
rope, 133, 190. Franklin re-
quested to support Catholic
petitioners in, 264. Franklin's
opinions about honesty of her
parliaments, 310. Low rate of
bills of exchange in, 444. Re-
fuses to treat equally with
United States, IX. 44. Her
parliament considers cessation
of war with America, 154. Her
people opposed to war, 156.
Change of ministry rumored,
159. Secret efforts of, to make
peace with France, 186, 190,
194. Her ministry proposes
peace to Holland, 191. Ab-
stract of preliminary articles of
peace with France, X. 42. Pre-
liminaries of peace with United
States agreed upon, 34; with
France and Spain, 76. Defini-
tive treaties with United States,
France, and Spain signed, 171.
Grenada, government under name
of, established by royal procla-
mation, VI. 49.
GRENVILLE, GEORGE, proposes to
raise revenue from America by
issuing paper money to colonies
IV. 290. His motion in regard
to publication in Boston Gazette,
336. Anecdote of his tilt with
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