nience, but promises lasting good, by promoting among ourselves, the establishment of manufactures hitherto sought abroad, at the risk of collisions no longer regulated by laws of reason or morality.-It is to be lamented that any of our citizens, not thinking with the mass of the nation as to the principles of our government, or of its administration, and seeing all its proceedings with a prejudiced eye, should so misconceive and misrepresent our situation as to encourage aggression from foreign nations. Our expectation is, that their distempered views will be understood by others, as they are by ourselves. But should war be the consequence of these delusions, and the errors of our dissatisfied citizens find atonement only in the blood of their sounder brethren, we must meet it as an evil necessarily flowing from that liberty of speaking and writing which guards our other liberties; and I have entire confidence in the assurances that your ardour will be animated, in the conflicts brought on, by considerations of the necessity, honour, and justice of our cause. I sincerely thank you, fellow-citi. zens, for the concern you so kindly express for my future happiness. It is a high and abundant reward for endeavours to be useful; and I supplicate the care of providence over the well being of yourselves and our beloved country.

PORTUGAL.-Account of recent Transactions, published at Oporto, 6th July, 1808, by authority of the partizans of the Prince Regent, now calling themselves the Go

vernment.

The most important occurrence that could elevate the nation to glory and dignity was reserved for our days, which will serve to transmit to posterity the illustrious name of the heroie Portugnese, and to note in the records of this fine and opulent city, the immortal epoch of its restoration, and that she gave the alarm to the whole kingdom.-The most cordial love to the best of princes, stimulated all hearts in Portugal, to oppose the most unjust and most scandalous usurpation. The most unlimited oppressions, the violation of all rights, and the absolute disrespect of the most sacred duties, armed every inhabitant to shake off the tyrannic yoke that oppressed them. But the dispenser of empires had reserved to this city the prerogative of leading the way, and stimulating by its example every body to emancipate this kingdom-For this purpose he raised amongst us persons of genius, resolution, and vigour, capable of atchieving so illustrious a purpose. The fatal day that depri

ved us of our lawful sovereign, whom the hand of the Omnipotent has preserved from the wicked one, who persecuted him, opened the way to the most disastrous events, which, after having overrun the continent with misery, desolation, and death, were about to effect the complete destruction of our happy peninsula, perfidy, simulation, and a combination of all artifices being the forerunner of this oppression and tyrannyviolence and the most daring ambition, its followers of that monstrous man, the produce of the cruel revolutions, which, for these nineteen years, has upset so many thrones, and ruined so many people; who has made a traffic in kingdoms and in men; who has put on the mask of religion the more impudently to profane it; who has displayed to advantage all sorts of crimes, without being impeded by the least glimpse of morality, or kept back by remorse; that celebrated Napoleon, whom vile flattery and its followers, or, with more propriety whom the fear of his tyrannies, has raised to the most elevated unmerited titles; after having announced by his representative Junct to our desolate nation, that he would protect us, dared to conceive in his illusive ideas, and to utter without a blush "that th house of Braganza had ceased to reign in Portugal." Unthinking man! What right, what convention authorizes this iniquity and usurpation? Who constituted Napoleon the universal tutor of kings and of nations? Who devolved on him the succession of thrones wrested by his tyranny from their legitimate possessors? Who entrusted him with that extraordinary and famous protec tion which authorises the spoliation of private property, and the trampling under foot of all rights and privileges, that destroys and confounds all order? The most manifest batred arose in the hearts of the nation, on its observing the accumulation of injustice and barbarity, with the most scandalous indecency; then began the vision of protection to dissolve: forty millions of crusaders were levied on this unhappy country as an extraordinary contribution of war, a country which the absence of its beloved prince, the invasion by numerous troops, the total stagnation of commerce, and the discouragement of industry and arts, had reduced to the greatest distress: but this is not all, those 40,000,000 were for the redemption of all private property; how had this been forfeited? Was it by our unbounded patience in suffering their extortions? by the docility with which, their hard and oppressive yoke was borne by the meekness with which we received our tyrants? Posterity will hardly

believe their impudence and immorality could ever reach such a length. The promised protection went on in this way. The patrimony of the temples, the ornaments of the sanctuary, the inheritance of its sacred ministers, were all insufficient for the insatiable thirst of the oppressor of the continent. The national dignity disappeared― | all public employments were given to the less informed and the less worthy, who, discountenanced in their own country, shewed amongst us a matchless effrontery, and who appeared to be influenced by the most insolent pride and the most sordid avarice. Our limits prevent us from tracing the picture of the odious person styled the deputy of police in this city, it is more faithfully engraved in the indignation and remembrance of every one here. The moment of liberty was however approaching; our valourous neighbours the noble Spaniards, at length opened their eyes. The perfidious manner in which the reigning family of Spain were betrayed, roused the vengeance of that nation; and as soon as we were able, we have shewn that we still are what we have been, and what our forefathers have been before us, the most faithful and the most loyal to our prince and the most capable of restoring his wished for empire and our liberty.-At length the evening of the 18th day of June, 1808, offered the most brilliant and pleasing scene to the generous Portuguese. These faithful and valourous men, who were strangers to fear, despised all dangers, and actuated by that energy and faithful character that distinguish our nation, erected the standard of restoration, and in the name of their religion, and in obedience to their sacred oaths, proclaimed anew the most exalted and powerful prince the lord don John, prince regent of Portugal, our lawful sovereign. In this moment of glory, however, we were surrounded by dangers: a column of the French army was marching to this city; without arms, without troops of the line, and only with two hundred artillerymen and some militia, we were in extreme danger; but we had valour and genius equal to our situation. Those who endeavoured to liberate their country, have their eulogium in their own conduct.- Cannon and ammunition had been previously obtained, the necessary dispositions had been made for the defence of the bridge, and the passage of the river Douro: all the points of defence had been reconnoitred, as also all the entrances to the city. The execution of a plan was in contemplation among the Portuguese, and they had to conquer the illusions of some,

and the fear of others, and the more necessity there was for delay, the more the project was menaced with ruin. The signal for the acclamation was given and for arming; the orders were issued and executed with equal ardour in a moment; 30 artillerymen, with four field-pieces, which covered the van and rear of two bodies, of 10 men each, all that remained, prevented all opposition. The arsenals were opened, and the people took arms. Some corps of the militia were for a while irresolute, owing to the unexpected circumstances which had taken place, but these were soon determined; the royal standard was displayed, and the august name of his royal highness sounded from all quarters. All the officers whom they met joined them, and took the oath of honour, which excited enthusiasm and affection: the posts were distributed, and every one was at work; the Major Raymundo José Pinheiro, commander of the fort of St. Joan de Foz at the mouth of the river, known for his fidelity, energy, and love for our prince, concerted the most able dispositions for defence, and for directing the people. The enthusiasm and energy cannot be described; upwards of 50,000 persons were provided with arms and ammunition; and from that night the city was in a state of defence, and waited the enemy with impatience, but he fled.-On the morning of the 19th, the protection of the Almighty being implored, and prayers of thanksgiving having been offered up with as much piety as fervour, in the cathedral of this city, a provisional government was elected, composed of the most excellent and reverend Don Antonio, of St. Joseph and Castro, bishop of the diocese, president, and eight members of the different classes, viz. of ecclesiastics, Doctor Dezembargrador; provizor of the bishoprick, Manuel Lopes Loureiro; and the Doctor Dezembargrador, vicar general; José Dias de Oliveira, of the military; major Ant. de Silva Pinto; and the captain commanding the artillery of the body of magestrature of the relacam, the dezembargrador José de Mello Freire; judge for the crown and the dezem bargrador of Agravos, Luis de Sequeiro de Game Ayala; of the body of the citizens, Antonio Mathews Friere de Andrade, and Antonio Ribeiro Braga; in this junta the supreme authority is vested, until his royal highness shall order to the contrary, or the lawful government shall be restored in the capital; it is its duty to maintain the laws, usages, customs, and privileges of the nation, as far as they are consistent with the present circumstances and defence of the country. The most profound me

ditation could not produce a more judicious election, wisdom, dexterity, energy, disinterestedness; the most marked fidelity and most acknowledged patriotism, are the distinguishing qualities that compose the character of the most excellent and reverend president, and the respective members of the supreme council. The most efficient measures have been taken for the uninterrupted security within, and defence without. The love of our sovereign and country is expressed by every tongue. The general emotion amongst the inhabitants, the continual chiming of the bells, and a splendid illumination in every quarter of the city for three nights, all announced the satisfaction with which every heart overflowed. Contributions have been voluntarily offered -valiant young men flock to the royal standard from all parts-the secular and regular clergy present a fresh and glorious testimony of their religious and social virtues; they form the corps for the defence of the state, and the guard of the city is under the command of the illustrious dean. The best order and harmony prevails amongst the inhabitants of every description, energy and valour increase every instant; these virtues 'must have their effect on the common enemy; be well knows that general Loyson, after crossing the Douro, has been chased by the people of Guimaraens, Braga, and Tras os Montes, that he flies with precipitation, but cannot avoid the valorous Trans Montanos, who still follow him, making great havock in his disbanded division, killing his superior officers, and taking from him important spoils. We shall give a more circumstantial account of these successes; they strengthen as in our confident hopes that the empire of usurpation, perfidy, and seduction, will be annihilated, and that the better cause will have the better end, and that the restoration of our amiable prince will crown our wishes and bring back those days of felicity so violently interrupted.-Great are the presages of our prosperity, from the prompt re-establishment of public order, the absence of crimes, the moderation and peace that prevail among all. The government that directs us spares no pains to complete our happiness. A wise and vigilant magistrate presides in the police department, who punishes the wicked and protects the good subjects of his royal highness. It becomes us to observe a corresponding demeanour, by obeying, by confiding in our government, and by uniting amongst ourselves. Our objects are no less than the glorious re-establish'ment of our religion, and the restoration to the throne of our lawful sovereign. It is

therefore necessary that the characteristic marks of these two enterprises should be kept as distinct as their ends are oppositethat as crimes rendered the French revolution abominable, so virtues shall signalize our restoration. That we may breathe nothing else but the love of our sovereign and our country, taking care not to pollute the glo rious end we propose to ourselves, that of calling back to us our august sovereign.-On the 18th day of June last, the most excellent Bernardino Freire de Andrade arrived in this city, who had been nominated governor of the arms and of its district by the prince regent, and who had suspended this employment in consequence of the absence of our sovereign. He comes forth, however, as soon as his royal government is restored, and the defence of the state gives him an oppor tunity of displaying his fidelity, and of augmenting the glory of the royal service. PORTUGAL.-London, 22d July, 1808

Extract of two Letters received by his
Excellency the Portuguese Minister, from
Mr. Patrick Farral, the Portuguese Agent
at Gibraltar, June 30.

I have the honour to inform your excellen cy, that on the 16th of this month the whole kingdom of Algarva rose against the French proclaiming his royal highness the prince regent, our master, for their only true and legitimate sovereign: the French governor, and all those of that nation, holding public situations under him, were made prisoners. Many of the French were killed; the rest throwing down their arms, sought their safety in a shameful flight. A supreme junta is already established in Faro, the capital of that kingdom, in the name of his royal highness, which is composed of the following persons-President-His Excellency the Count of CASTRO MARIM. Vice-President

His Excellency the Bishop of ALGARVA, For the Clergy-The Rev. the ARCH DEAN of the SER, and Rev. ANTONIO LUIS DE MACEDO. For the Nobility-DEZEMBER GADOR JOSÉ DUARTE DA SILVA NEGRAO. JOSÉ BERNARDO DE GAMA, and JOAQUIM FELIPE DE LANDRESETE. For the People -MIGUEL de O. the younger, captain of the ordenancas, and JOAO ALEIXO. Secretary - Doctor VENTURA.

The Junta is occupied in preparing with the greatest activity the means of completing this heroic undertaking. An express bas just arived here from Tavira, from his Excellency the Count of CASTRO MARIM, requesting arms, &c. from the Governor of this place, who sent what arms, powder, and shot he could spare, having sent large quantities to Spain. Messengers have also

SPANISH REVOLUTION.-(Continued from p. 159.)-Edict published in the Island! of Majorca.

Don Ferdinand VII. king of Spain and adjacent islands, &c. and in his royal name his excellency the Captain General of his army and kingdom, I make it known to the faithful and loyal inhabitants of this island, that last night I convened in my palace a meeting composed of all the constituted authorities, to lay before them the course which ought to be pursued under the existing circumstances, in which both my loyalty and the unanimous wish of the people require that we should continue to acknowledge Ferdinand VII. as our lawful Sovereign; in consequence whereof, it was ananimously agreed upon, that these islands. shall continue faithful to his majesty Ferdinand VII.; to which end, and that we may have the benefit of the full exercise of the rights of sovereignty in his name, as far as required, a board was appointed, which will begin this very evening to exercise the same, and publish what may be deemed conducive to the prosperity of this island. A Te Deum shall be sung, and then shall be a levee, royal salute, and illumination.-DoN JUAN NIGUEL DE VIVES. By command of his excellency, and as ecretary authorised by the board.-BARTOLOME JOSIAS. Royal Castle of Palma, May 30, 1808.

The supreme board has sent me the folowing letter: Most Serene Sir,-Don Dionisis Capaz, member of this board, and n ensign in the navy, accompanied by the Portuguese captain Don Sebastian Martinez, $ going in the name of this board to inform our most serene highness of the occurrenes which have lately taken place, and as hey are thought important, it has been lermed requisite that he should give you a Herbal account of the same, that you may ake the resolutions, and send us the asstance which we stand in need of---May God, &c. &c. THE MARQUIS DE CAISIR. Ayamonte, June 20, 1808.

The purport of this verbal information

that the French have been driven from the forts on the right banks of the Guadiana, opposite to Ayamonte. The inbabitants of the left, assisted by a few regu

armed Portuguese, have beaten the French by which they were garrisoned, and hoisted the Spanish flag in every one of themThe loss of the enemy amounts to 91 prison. ers, and several killed -The whole of the kingdom of Algarva is in a state of insurrection; Villa Real and Castromarin, as well as the batteries of Carnasquera and St. Anson have been taken possession of The rebel Mallet has been handcuffed, and let down into a dry well with twenty-six other individuals: the remainder of the French troops have fled to the mountains. Taviro, Faro, and Aillon, are up in arms, and the military chests of the French have been seized: the Spanish troops above mentioned consisted of Catalonians, provincials, and a small number of Murcians. -A Portuguese captain is come to inform the board, that Algarva and the whole kingdom wish to be under its protection, in the name of Ferdinand VII.

Manifesto of the Junta at Seville, June 14,

1808.

The supreme council of government gives notice to the inhabitants of this city, and of all the districts under their command, that by several deserters who have arrived ' here from the French army, encamped in the environs of Cordova, intelligence has been received, that there are a great many among those troops who are desirous to come over to us, moved by the justice of our cause, but that they dare not do it from fear of being murdered in our roads and places, on account of the hatred, which, they suppose, is universally entertained against the French, and also against the Swiss, and other foreigners, who do not distinctly speak our language. The great

mischief occasioned by rumours of this description ought the more to be obviated, as if we succeed to refute them, we shall not only increase our own forces, but also diminish those of the enemy, and compel them to surrender, as we shall then be thoroughly informed of the state, situation, and position which they take, and then be able to attack them with advantage, and out off their retreat. The supreme council accordingly ordains and directs, that the said deserters shall be received with the utmost kindness, and furnished with provisions and other necessaries which they may stand in need of, directing them to be sent to the justices of the respective districts, and of our nearest military commanders, who will send them to this supreme council, or to the captain general of our army, should he be nearer, who will, in that case,

give them such destination as shall appear most expedient; it being well understood, that if from an indiscreet zeal, or other motive, this useful ordinance should not be complied with, the offenders shall be punished with the utmost severity, as all the people ought implicitly to rely on the vigilance of this supreme council, and on their great and gallant army. The supreme council further directs, that all Frenchmen, who reside among us, after they shall have taken the oath of allegiance, and obtained letters of safeguard, shall not be any ways molested, but shall, on the contrary, be left in tranquil possession of their property, commerce, and trade, a proceeding dictated both by equity and justice, and by a proper attention to the public cause; the justices of the different districts being nevertheless obliged to watch their conduct And, in order that this manifesto may be universally known, it shall be posted in the usual places, and transmitted to all the justices of the different places, that they may be able to attend to the strict performance thereof. -Given in our royal palace of Alvazas, in Seville,-JUAN BAUTISTA PARDO, Sec. General Palafox's Proclamation after the Battle of Saragossa, 17th June, 1808. Conquerors of the haughty French! Aragonese!-You have proved yourselves to be worthy of your name. That multitude of proud warriors, triumphant in every other part of Europe, ceased to retain the character of conquerors when they came before you. You are inferior both in discipline and numbers; because one-twentieth part of our forces have not entered into action, having been incapable of uniting. But your zeal has overcome every difficulty. The musketry in which your enemies place so much confidence, are weak instruments of their power when you appear before them you look at them with courage, and they fall at your feet.-Aragonese! the result of our first attempt has been to leave on the field of battle 18,000 enemies, composing a complete army, which had the audacity to provoke our resentment. We have had the good fortune to get possession of all the property and baggage, of which the people have been infamously plundered, in the countries through which this army pas sed. Our loss consists only from 1700 to 2000 killed, and an equal number wounded: a loss bearing no comparison to the triumph we have obtained. Their precious blood is shed in the field of glory, on their own territory; and these blessed martyrs demand new victims; let us prepare for the sacrifice -Aragonese! be not impatient. The ene

my against whom we fight is rash, and will afford frequent opportunities for you to exercise your skill and your courage. If, especially, the lawless bands which violate our city of Madrid, and their commander Murat, should venture to approach us, should receive the intelligence with the highest satisfaction; we would anticipate their expectations, and meet them half way.Aragonesel if the battle of Saragossa had been gained by these intruders, we should have heard their babbling of the victories of Marengo, Austerlitz, and Jena, acquired by the same valour. Although the conquest we have effected has been sanguinary, yet it has been glorious. Do you consider it a a trifling commencement of your future triumphs, under the powerful assistance o your illustrious leader and patron? Proclamation of King Joseph Napoleon Bayonne, 20th June, 1808.

JOSEPH. KING OF NAPLES AND SICILY

TO THE PEOPLE OF THE KINGDOM OF
NAPLES:

Providence, whose designs are inscruta ble, having called us to the throne of Spai and the Indies, we have found ourselves i the cruel predicament of withdrawing our selves from a people who had so many claim to our attachment, and whose happiness wa our most gratifying hope, and the only ot ject of our ambition. He who alone ca read the hearts of men, can judge of th sincerity of our sentiments, in opposition which we have yielded to their impressions and accepted a kingdom, the governmer of which has been put into our hands, virtue of the renunciation of the rights t the crown of Spain, which our illustriou brother, his majesty the emperor of th French and king of Italy, had acquired.In this important situation, considering th institutions are alone capable of duration we reflected with regret, that your social con stitution was still imperfect, and thoug| that the further we had removed from you so much the more incumbent upon us w it to secure your present and future welfa by all the means in our power. For the reasons we have put the last hand to of labours, and fixed the constitutional statu upon principles already partially adopte and which are more conformable to the a in which we live, the mutual relations the neighbouring states, and the dispositio of the nation, which we have employ ourselves to ascertain ever since we called to rule over it.-The principal objec which guided us in our labours, were:The preservation of our holy religion.The establishment of a public treasury,

We