and, on behalf of Sancho, king of Navarre, the bishop of Pampeluna, Garsias Bermer, Sancho, the son of Ramiro, Espagnol de Taissonal, Peter, the son of Ramiro, and Ascenar de Chalez. All these were sent to assert their claims, and to answer on behalf of their masters. There came also two knights of wonderful prowess and valor, with horses and warlike arms, one on behalf of the king of Castille and the other on behalf of the king of Navarre, to appeal to wager of battle, at the court of the king of England, if it should be deemed necessary.

Accordingly, on the first Lord's day in Lent, our lord, Henry, king of England, son of the empress Matilda, came to London, for the purpose of holding a general council. At it were present; Richard, archbishop of Canterbury, Gilbert, bishop of London, Hugh, bishop of Durham, Geoffrey, bishop of Ely, Walter, bishop of Rochester, Reginald, bishop of Bath, Robert, bishop of Hereford, John, bishop of Norwich, Bartholomew, bishop of Exeter, Roger, bishop of Worcester, John, bishop of Chichester, Christian, bishop of Whitherne, the bishop of Saint David's, the bishop of Saint Asaph, the bishop of Bangor, and the abbats, priors, earls, and barons of England. These having met together at Westminster, the king ordered the aforesaid envoys from the kingdom of Spain to reduce into writing their claims and charges, and afterwards give them to him; in order that, by means of a translation thereof, he himself and his barons might be able to understand their respective claims and charges; for neither the king nor the barons of his court understood their language. For the purpose of reducing this to writing, there was a space of three days allowed.

Accordingly, on the fourth day they produced a writing, in which was the following statement: "king Sancho the Fat had three sons, Ferdinand, king of Castille, Ramiro, king of Arragon, and Garcias, king of Navarre and Nagara. Ferdinand was the father of king Alphonso, who took Toledo, and was the father of queen Vracha, who was the mother of the emperor Alphonso, the father of king Sancho, whose son was king Alphonso, who married Eleanor, daughter of Henry, king of England. Ramiro, king of Arragon, was the father of king Sancho, who was father of king Peter and king Alphonso. King Peter died without issue, and was succeeded by his brother, king Alphonso, who took Saragossa. Garcias,

king of Navarre and Nagara, was the father of king Sancho, who was afterwards slain at Penafiel: he was the father of Sancho, who died without issue when a child, and was succeeded, in Navarre and Nagara, by king Alphonso, his father's kinsman, who took Toledo, as far as the boundaries of Puente la Reyna and Sangosa: and the said child was succeeded by Sancho, king of Arragon, his father's kinsman, in the remaining portion of Navarre and Pampeluna.

The Treaty and Covenants entered into between Alphonso, king of Castille, and Sancho, king of Navarre.

"These are the treaty and covenants which were entered into between Alphonso, king of Castille, and Sancho, king of Navarre, his uncle, for submitting the points in dispute between them to the judgment of the king of England. For this purpose each of these kings gives three castles in pledge, that he will receive and fulfil the award of Henry, king of England, son of the empress Matilda, and father-in-law of king Alphonso; and he who shall fail so to do, is to lose the castles underwritten. For this purpose king Alphonso gives in pledge Nagara, a castle of the Jews, Arnedo, a castle of the Christians and a castle of the Jews, and Celorigo. In like manner, Sancho, king of Navarre, gives in pledge the castle of Stella, which Peter, the son of Roderic, holds, being a castle of the Jews, as also Funes and Maranon. And for the above purpose envoys from both kings are to appear in the presence of the king of England on the first day of this present Lent, being the beginning of the fast, for the purpose of receiving his decision. And if by chance the envoys on either side shall be detained on the road in consequence of death, infirmity, or captivity, the envoys that precede them are to await them for a period of thirty days beyond the day above-named at the court of the said king of England; and then, those who are well and able are to come to the court and hear the decision. And if all shall be sick, or taken prisoners, or shall die, then the king who has no envoy present is to be the loser. And if all or any of the envoys shall not be detained by any of these causes, and shall not come before the king of England on the day appointed, then the king, whose envoys they are, is to lose the castles abovenamed, and this is to be done in good faith and without evil intent. And if by accident, which God forbid, the king

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of England should die in the meantime, then in the same manner as above-mentioned they are to proceed to the king of France to receive his decision, and are to receive his decision as though that of the king of England, and to comply therewith. For this purpose, Sancho, the king of Navarre, through his knight and his deputy, 7 is to receive possession of these three castles, and is to give Nagara and Celorigo in charge to Peter, the son of count Roderic, and is to give Arnedo in charge to one of the counts of his dominions, and they are to do homage to him for the same. In like manner Alphonso, the king of Castille, through his knight and his deputy, is to receive possession of these three castles, and is to give Stella in charge to Peter, the son of Roderic of Arragon, Funes to S., the son of Ramiro, and Maranon to R., the son of Martin, and they are to do homage to him for them. And if either of the kings shall wish to take the castles aforesaid from the knights in possession of them and to give them to another, then Sancho, king of Navarre, is to give them to Peter, the son of Roderic, or to G., the son of Vermund, or to S., the son of Ramiro, or to I., the son of Felez, or to R., the son of Martin, or to E. or to S., the sons of Almoran, or to E., the son of Ortiz, or to P., the son of Ramiro, or to G. or to P., the sons of Ortiz. In like manner king Alphonso is to give the said castles to count N. or count P., or count G. or to count Gomez, or to R., the son of Gurtez, or to P., the son of Arazuri, or to D., the son of Senez, or to G. or to Ordonez, the sons of Garcias, or to G., the son of Roderico de Aragra, or to P., the son of Gunter, or to L., the son of Roderico de Agafra; but those who shall be holding them are not to give up the said castles until those who ought to receive them shall have done homage for them to the other king, in manner above-mentioned. And the whole that king Alphonso holds of the king of Navarre he is to improve with his own means as far as he shall be willing and able. In like manner, Sancho, king of Navarre, is to improve with his own means as far as he shall be willing and able, the whole that he holds of king Alphonso. And for the purpose of hearing this decision, the kings have chosen four trustworthy persons, namely, John, bishop of Tarragona,

87 Portarius." The officers who were so called, had probably somewhat similar duties to those of our sheriffs; in seeing that the royal commands were properly fulfilled. They were peculiar to Spain.

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Peter de Areis, Ar- de Torrela, and Gunter,s son of de Rinoso; and two or three or all of these are to proceed with the envoys to the court of the king of England, and are to explain before him the complaints of both kings, and when the claims have been heard, then those are to speak whom the king shall order first to plead their cause. And, upon the word of these same trustworthy persons, who shall have heard the judgment pronounced by the king of England, each of the kings are to comply with and perform the above-mentioned covenants in such manner as is contained in this instrument, and the knights who have done homage for the aforesaid castles, according to the report of the said trustworthy persons, are to comply with and perform the treaty aforesaid in good faith and without evil intent. In addition whereto, both of the kings above-named, each upon his own plighted faith, have agreed upon and concluded a good and safe truce for liegemen, for castles, for lands, and for all other things, for a period of seven years; and that the same shall be firmly kept, Sancho, king of Navarre, places Erga in pledge, and king Alphonso pledges Calahorra; and if the army of either of these kings, either with him or without him, shall enter the kingdom of the other, he whose army does so, is to lose the fortified place abovenamed. And if by chance any vassal of these kings shall break this truce in the kingdom of the other, or shall chance by force to take a fortified place, then the king of whom he shall be the vassal shall within forty days deliver up his castle to the other king. And if he shall not do so, the knight who holds the castle that has been so placed in pledge, is to give up the said castle to the king so complaining, and he is to hold the same in pledge until he recovers his own castle. And if any person in these kingdoms, who is not a vassal of those kings, shall by any chance take a castle in the kingdom of the other, then both the kings are to come against him with their people and besiege him, and are not to depart thence until it is taken. It has also been agreed that all the vassals of both kings who have lost their hereditaments since the time of the

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88 It will be seen, on comparison with the list of names previous, and in page 439, that Gunter is mentioned as one of the envoys and Peter de Rinoso as another, and no mention is made of de Torrela: here, however, Gunter is made the son of de Rinoso, and de Torrela is the fourth envoy. Perhaps Ergavica, or Ergavia, towns of Spain in the middle ages.

commencement of the war, shall recover the same, in such manner as they were holding them on the day on which they lost them, and for misdeeds on their part, or on accusations for what they have previously done, they are not to lose them, nor are they to make answer to any one on any complaint made against them within the last seven years. And if hereafter any complaint on fresh grounds, or any litigation shall arise between them, they are to have recourse to arbitration, and whatever judgment shall be pronounced, they are to be satisfied with the same. Also, all men of both kingdoms shall go and return from kingdom to kingdom in security, with the exception of known murderers. And if either of the kings shall be unwilling to restore the hereditaments as above-mentioned, then he is to give up the above-named castle to the other king, who is to hold the same in pledge, until he shall recover the hereditaments and the whole thereof that he shall have demanded. Also, all vassals of either king are to be included in this treaty of peace as to all men, castles, hereditaments, and all other things that they may possess in whatever land they may be; and all the above is to be kept and observed in good faith and without evil intent. Also, Alphonso, king of Arragon, is to be included in this truce, if it shall so please him, and if perchance it shall not please him to be included therein, nevertheless the said truce as abovementioned is to be strictly observed between the kings abovenamed. This instrument was made between Navarre and Logrono, in the year 1214, on the eighth day before the calends of September."

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An [earlier] Charter of Peace and Reconciliation between the king of Castille and the king of Navarre.

"This is the charter of peace and reconciliation which was made between Alphonso, king of Castille, and Sancho, king of Navarre, at the abbey which is called Siterio. It has pleased both of the said kings that a peace and reconciliation should be made between them for ten years, which has been made accordingly; and it has pleased them that they should ratify the same by oath, and that they and the barons of them both should make oath upon the altar and upon the four Evange

90 This date is according to the Spanish era, which began from the conquest of Spain by Augustus, in the year B.C. 38.