The Body Language of Trees: A Handbook for Failure AnalysisH.M. Stationery Office, 1994 - 240 páginas This book is dedicated to the potential hazards of trees. It shows the reader how a tree breaks, why it breaks, why perhaps it breaks too soon, and how it gives out a warning. In most cases the tree gives out a silent sign in its body language. It draws attention to many types of potential fracture points by producing symptoms. This book introduces the reader to this body language, and teaches the reader how to interpret and evaluate these symptoms biomechanically. This book provides new and needed information with diagrams. Readers should be able to understand the trees around them better, to recognise their warnings and to assess their safety more reliably. |
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acts angle annual rings applied assessment authors bark base becomes bending branch breaking buckling caused cavity close COMPRESSION compressive stresses concerned core Court cracks cross-section crown damage danger decay defect described detailed determined develop direction effect evaluation examination example external fail failure fibres field flattening force formation Fractometer fracture friction give ground growth hazard beam hollow increase indicate inspection judgement junction kinking later leaning less longitudinal material means measured mechanical methods natural normal occur particular pipe possible present pressure principle pulling radius reduced remaining Research resistance responsible result ribs risk root root-plate safety safety factor shear stress shearing shown shows side sliding soil sound species splitting stem stiffness strength structure surface symptoms tensile TENSION thickness torsional transverse tree tree's uniform stress upper usually visual wall weight wind load wood wound zone