Environmental Protest and Citizen Politics in Japan

activists activity Agano River antipollution movement areas assembly associations attitudes behavior beliefs campaign candidates Chiiki Chisso compensation concern conservative standpatters cooperative court Culture of Japan damage democracy democratic economic Edagawa elections electoral Environment Environment Agency environmental environmental movement experience fishermen fishing garbage gyōsei hostility industrial interest involved itai-itai disease izens Japan Japanese Japanese politics jichi jūmin undō June Kagoshima Kagoshima prefecture Kankyō Kōgai kombinat Kōtō Kōtō ward lawsuits leaders leftist litigation March mayor ment Minamata disease movement activists neighborhood Niigata Õiso organizations parties percent petitions plaintiffs pollution issue pollution problems population postwar prefectural prewar protest reformist residents responsibility sample sanka Shibushi Shimin Shobō Sidney Verba social society sophisticated Suginami survey switchers Takaidō Tau-b tion Tokyo Tōsuirō Toyama Toyama prefecture urban Usuki verdict victims voters voting ward Yokkaichi