El derecho de gentes y "una revisión de la idea de razón pública"

John Rawls, professor of philosophy at Harvard University, had published a number of articles on the concept of justice as fairness before the appearance of his magnum opus, A Theory of Justice (1971). While the articles had won for Rawls considerable prestige, the reception of his book thrust him into the front ranks of contemporary moral philosophy. Presenting a Kantian alternative to conventional utilitarianism and intuitionism, Rawls offers a theory of justice that is contractual and that rests on principles that he alleges would be accepted by free, rational persons in a state of nature, that is, of equality. The chorus of praise was loud and clear. Stuart Hampshire acclaimed the book as "the most substantial and interesting contribution to moral philosophy since the war."H. A. Bedau declared: "As a work of close and original scholarship in the service of the dominant moral and political ideology of our civilization, Rawls's treatise is simply without a rival." Rawls historically achieved two important things: (1) He articulated a coherent moral philosophy for the welfare state, and (2) he demonstrated that analytic philosophy was most capable of doing constructive work in moral philosophy. A Theory of Justice has become the most influential work in political, legal, and social philosophy by an American author in the twentieth century. John Rawls, filósofo estadounidense, y profesor de filosofía política en la Universidad Harvard y autor de Teoría de la Justicia, (1971), Liberalismo Político (1993), The Law of Peoples (1999) y Justice as Fairness: A Restatement (2001). Es ampliamente considerado como uno de los filósofos políticos más importantes del siglo XX. Su teoría política propone dos principios sobre los cuales basar la noción de justicia a partir de una posición original en el espíritu contractualista de los filósofos políticos clásicos. Rawls fue reconocido con el Premio Schock para lógica y filosofía y con la National Humanities Medal de manos del presidente Bill Clinton.