Difficulty as an Aesthetic Principle: Realism and Unreadability in Stifter, Melville, and Flaubert

action Adalbert Stifter aesthetic Ahab Ahab's artistic audience Balzac become bien bildungsroman blank bonhommes bored boredom Bouvard and Pécuchet Bouvard et Pécuchet Bulkington Bunte Steine c'est cetological characters cognitive Complètes contemporary critics critique d'une Der Nachsommer desire didacticism digressive Drendorf eager elements emotional ennui episodes example expected experience facts faut fiction fill Flaubert forced gaps Grivel Heinrich indeterminacy Ingarden interest Intérêt romanesque interpretation involved Ishmael knowledge Kunst L'éducation sentimentale lack lecteur literary literature littérature Madame Bordin mael's Melville Melville's novel ment mental mimesis Moby Dick Moby-Dick muß Nachsommer narration narrative Natalie nature never nineteenth-century nouveau roman novelistic objects Paris passion Pequod personnages pleasure plot poetic psychological qu'il Quoted in Branch readable reader Realism reality realm relationship resistance Risach romanesque Ruhe Sainte-Beuve sense stasis story tension text's textual tion tout turn type of reading unreadable Werke White Whale Wirklichkeit writes