Research Design and Statistics for Applied Linguistics

05 level analysis ANOVA answers Applied Linguistics assign bilingual classroom CLOZ cloze column command card comparisons control cards control group correct correlation coefficient critical value degrees of freedom dependent descriptive statistics distribution of means effect English error of differences estimate exam example experimental group F-ratio factor Figure foreign students frequency give given identify important independent variable instruction internal validity language learning language proficiency look measure method morphemes normal distribution null hypothesis number of Ss observations obtained pairs percentile point biserial correlation population mean possible posttest predict pretest printout problems pronunciation random randomly raw score reading regression reject the null relationship relative clauses reliability research question sample means sample statistics standard deviation standard error standard scores sum of squares Suppose t-distribution t-test total number treatment variance z score ΣΧ