The twelfth century to the Renaissance

Albert Alfonso alliance ally ambitions Anjou Aragon Archbishop army Avignon barons became Bishop Bohemia Boniface brother Burgundy Byzantine Cardinal Castile century Charles Charles IV Charles the Bold Christian Church civil clergy conquest Constantinople Council Count crowned Crusade CRUZ The University daughter death defeated died duchy Duke Earl Edward elected Electors Emperor Empire England English feudal fiefs Flanders Florence France Frederick Frederick II French friars German Ghibelline Gregory Guelf Habsburg Hansa heir Henry Henry III Hungary Hussite imperial Innocent invasion Isabella Italy Joanna John John of Bohemia King king's kingdom knights lands Latin League Lewis lords Louis Luxemburg magnates Margaret monarchy murdered Naples Navarre nobles Otto Papacy papal Parliament peace Peter Philip Poland political Pope Portugal princes reform reign revolt Richard rival Roman Rome royal rule ruler Schism secular Sicily Sigismund Teutonic Order throne took towns treaty Utraquists vassal Venice victory VIII Wenceslas