The Evolutionary Biology of PlantsUniversity of Chicago Press, 8 jun 1997 - 449 páginas Although they are among the most abundant of all living things and provide essential oxygen, food, and shelter to the animal kingdom, few books pay any attention to how and why plants evolved the wondrous diversity we see today. In this richly illustrated and clearly written book, Karl J. Niklas provides the first comprehensive synthesis of modern evolutionary biology as it relates to plants. After presenting key evolutionary principles, Niklas recounts the saga of plant life from its origins to the radiation of the flowering plants. To investigate how living plants might have evolved, Niklas conducts a series of computer-generated "walks" on fitness "landscapes," arriving at hypothetical forms of plant life strikingly similar to those of today and the distant past. He concludes with an extended consideration of molecular biology and paleontology. An excellent overview for undergraduates, this book will also challenge graduate students and researchers. |
Índice
IV | 1 |
V | 3 |
VI | 12 |
VII | 17 |
VIII | 19 |
IX | 32 |
X | 35 |
XI | 45 |
XXXIX | 213 |
XL | 217 |
XLI | 232 |
XLII | 242 |
XLIII | 245 |
XLIV | 249 |
XLV | 250 |
XLVI | 251 |
XII | 50 |
XIII | 61 |
XIV | 63 |
XV | 66 |
XVI | 68 |
XVII | 72 |
XVIII | 79 |
XIX | 85 |
XX | 90 |
XXI | 95 |
XXII | 99 |
XXIII | 107 |
XXIV | 109 |
XXV | 111 |
XXVI | 121 |
XXVII | 125 |
XXVIII | 134 |
XXIX | 142 |
XXX | 151 |
XXXI | 161 |
XXXII | 163 |
XXXIII | 164 |
XXXIV | 174 |
XXXV | 186 |
XXXVI | 200 |
XXXVII | 209 |
XXXVIII | 211 |
XLVII | 266 |
XLVIII | 276 |
XLIX | 284 |
L | 290 |
LI | 299 |
LII | 301 |
LIII | 304 |
LIV | 310 |
LV | 314 |
LVI | 325 |
LVII | 331 |
LVIII | 340 |
LIX | 343 |
LX | 347 |
LXI | 349 |
LXII | 352 |
LXIII | 358 |
LXIV | 360 |
LXV | 364 |
LXVI | 368 |
LXVII | 373 |
LXVIII | 381 |
LXIX | 386 |
LXX | 397 |
LXXI | 423 |
429 | |
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adaptive peaks adaptive walks allele amino acid anatomical ancient angiosperms animals archegonium bacteria base-pair substitutions biological bryophytes changes character chloroplast chromosome number cladogram codons common ancestor complex cpDNA cycle develop developmental Devonian diploid diploid cell divergence embryo embryophytes environment environmental eukaryotic evolution evolutionary evolved extinction fertilization Figure fitness landscape flowering plants fossil record frequency function gametophytes genetic variation genome genotypes geometry growth gymnosperms habitats haploid homologous hybrid hypothesis increase individuals integument leaf leaves lineages lycopods mechanical megagametophyte megasporangium megaspores meiosis membrane molecular molecules morphological morphospace multicellular mutation natural selection nuclear genome occur organisms ovules parent phenotypic photosynthetic phyletic phytes pollen polyploidy population produce prokaryotes protein rates relative fitness reproductive success result seed plants selection pressures sequence sexual reproduction speciation sperm sporangia spores sporophyte stele stem subpopulations surface area survival terrestrial tion tissues tracheophytes traits tree vascular cambium vascular land plants vascular plants xylem